1、杨氏双缝干涉实验
干涉条件:
- 频率相同
- 振动方向相同
- 相位差/光程差相同
参数说明:
- 两个缝的间距: d d d
- 屏幕和缝的间距: D D D
- 波长: λ \lambda λ
- 屏幕上的点到中心点的距离是 x x x
I = I 1 + I 2 + 2 I 1 I 2 cos δ I = I_1 + I_2 + 2I_1 I_2 \cos \delta I=I1+I2+2I1I2cosδ
I 1 = I 2 = I 0 I_1 = I_2 = I_0 I1=I2=I0
I = 4 I 0 cos 2 δ I = 4I_0\cos ^2 \delta I=4I0cos2δ
δ = 2 π λ Δ = k Δ = k ( r 2 − r 1 ) \delta = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} \Delta = k \Delta = k (r_2 - r_1) δ=λ2πΔ=kΔ=k(r2−r1)
光程差: Δ = d D x \Delta = \frac{d}{D}x Δ=Ddx
光强变化:
I
=
4
I
0
cos
2
(
k
d
2
D
x
)
=
4
I
0
cos
2
(
π
d
λ
D
x
)
I = 4 I_0 \cos ^2 (\frac{kd}{2D}x) = 4 I_0 \cos ^2 (\frac{\pi d}{\lambda D}x)
I=4I0cos2(2Dkdx)=4I0cos2(λDπdx)
2、matlab实现杨氏双缝干涉实验
基本的参数设置:
d = 2e-4;
D = 1;
lambda = 500e-9;
I0 = 1;
根据理论计算,条纹间距:
Δ
x
=
D
d
λ
=
2.5
m
m
\Delta x = \frac{D}{d} \lambda = 2.5mm
Δx=dDλ=2.5mm
干涉条纹的强度变化:
%% 干涉强度变化
x = -10:0.01:10;
Intensity1 = 4*I0*cos(pi*d*x*1e-3/(lambda*D)).*cos(pi*d*x*1e-3/(lambda*D));
figure;
plot(x, Intensity1);
xlabel('x/mm');
ylabel('Intensity');
title('干涉条纹强度变化');
干涉条纹绘制:
%% 干涉条纹二维
x = -10:0.01:10;
y = -10:0.01:10;
[X,~] = meshgrid(x,y);
Intensity3 = 4*I0*cos(pi*d*X*1e-3/(lambda*D)).*cos(pi*d*X*1e-3/(lambda*D));
figure;
imagesc(x,y,Intensity3);
colormap('gray');
xlabel('x/mm');
ylabel('y');
title('干涉条纹');
colorbar;
ylabel(colorbar,'光强');