【暑训排位 #4 F】 数位dp

Create a code to determine the amount of integers, lying in the set [ X; Y] and being a sum of exactly K different integer degrees of B.
Example. Let X=15, Y=20, K=2, B=2. By this example 3 numbers are the sum of exactly two integer degrees of number 2:
17 = 2 4+2 0,
18 = 2 4+2 1,
20 = 2 4+2 2.
Input
The first line of input contains integers X and Y, separated with a space (1 ≤ X ≤ Y ≤ 2 31−1). The next two lines contain integers K and B (1 ≤ K ≤ 20; 2 ≤ B ≤ 10).
Output
Output should contain a single integer — the amount of integers, lying between X and Y, being a sum of exactly K different integer degrees of B.
Example
input output
15 20
2
2
3

题意：求出X到Y中的，可以由K种B的不同幂次和组成的数的个数

思路：

每次的+B^x看成B进制的X位+1，又幂次不能重复，那就只有01，还是可以看成二进制。枚举每个位0或1即可。套数位dp模板。

AC代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<map>
#include <queue>
#include<sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#include<vector>
#define FAST ios::sync_with_stdio(false)
#define abs(a) ((a)>=0?(a):-(a))
#define sz(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define max(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
#define min(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
#define rep(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<=n;++i)
#define per(i,n,a) for(int i=n;i>=a;--i)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll,ll> PII;
const int maxn = 1e6+200;
const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-7;
const double pi=acos(-1.0);
const int mod = 1e9+7;
inline int lowbit(int x){return x&(-x);}
ll gcd(ll a,ll b){return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}
void ex_gcd(ll a,ll b,ll &d,ll &x,ll &y){if(!b){d=a,x=1,y=0;}else{ex_gcd(b,a%b,d,y,x);y-=x*(a/b);}}//x=(x%(b/d)+(b/d))%(b/d);
inline ll qpow(ll a,ll b,ll MOD=mod){ll res=1;a%=MOD;while(b>0){if(b&1)res=res*a%MOD;a=a*a%MOD;b>>=1;}return res;}
inline ll inv(ll x,ll p){return qpow(x,p-2,p);}
inline ll Jos(ll n,ll k,ll s=1){ll res=0;rep(i,1,n+1) res=(res+k)%i;return (res+s)%n;}
inline ll read(){ ll f = 1; ll x = 0;char ch = getchar();while(ch>'9'||ch<'0') {if(ch=='-') f=-1; ch = getchar();}while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9') x = (x<<3) + (x<<1) + ch - '0',  ch = getchar();return x*f; }
int dir[4][2] = { {1,0}, {-1,0},{0,1},{0,-1} };

ll k , base;
ll dp[50][50], a[50];

ll dfs(ll pos, ll k, bool limit) {
    if (!k) return 1;
    if (pos < 0) return 0;
    if (!limit && dp[pos][k] != -1) return dp[pos][k];
    ll up = limit ? a[pos] : base-1;
    ll cur = 0;
    for(ll i=0;i<=up&&i<=1;i++)
    {
        cur += dfs(pos-1, k-i, limit && i==up);
    }
    if (!limit) dp[pos][k] = cur;
    return cur;
}


ll solve(ll x) {
    ll pos = 0;
    while (x) {
        a[pos++] = x % base;
        x /= base;
    }
    return dfs(pos-1, k, true);
}

int main() {
    mem(dp,-1LL);
    ll L,R; L = read(), R = read();
    k = read(); base = read();
    cout <<solve(R) - solve(L-1) << '\n';
    return 0;
}