OpenCV+Python图像形态学操作

形态学-腐蚀操作

import cv2
img = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\dizai.jpg')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

原图：

#腐蚀一次
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
#np.ones(3,3)表示腐蚀的单位区域的大小
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)
# iterations表示腐蚀次数
cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀一次效果：

示例2：

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
erosion_1 = cv2.erode(circle,kernel,iterations = 1) #腐蚀一次
erosion_2 = cv2.erode(circle,kernel,iterations = 2) #腐蚀两次
erosion_3 = cv2.erode(circle,kernel,iterations = 3) #腐蚀三次
res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果：

形态学-膨胀操作

#先腐蚀3次看一下效果
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 3)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#膨胀5次的效果
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 5)

cv2.imshow('dilate', dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

示例2：

circle = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\circle.jpg')

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(circle,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(circle,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(circle,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果：

开运算与闭运算

# 开：先腐蚀，再膨胀

img = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\dizai.jpg')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果：

# 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀 

img = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\dizai.jpg')
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果：

梯度运算

梯度=膨胀-腐蚀

#显示膨胀和腐蚀效果
pie = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\circle.jpg')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8) 
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)

res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))

cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#梯度运算=膨胀-腐蚀
gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

礼帽与黑帽

• 礼帽 = 原始输入-开运算结果
• 黑帽 = 闭运算-原始输入

#礼帽
img = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\dizai.jpg')
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#黑帽
img = cv2.imread('D:\\Desktop\\opencv\\dizai.jpg')
blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('blackhat ', blackhat )
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()