Numpy数组的创建与应用

一、结构数组的创建
1、利用字典来定义结构

import numpy as np

personType = np.dtype({
    'names': ['name', 'age', 'weight'],
    'formats': ['U30', 'i8', 'f8']})

a = np.array([('Liming', 24, 63.9), ('Mike', 15, 67.), ('Jan', 34, 45.8)],
             dtype=personType)
print(a, type(a))
# [('Liming', 24, 63.9) ('Mike', 15, 67. ) ('Jan', 34, 45.8)]
# <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

2、利用包含多个元组的列表来定义结构

import numpy as np

personType = np.dtype([('name', 'U30'), ('age', 'i8'), ('weight', 'f8')])
a = np.array([('Liming', 24, 63.9), ('Mike', 15, 67.), ('Jan', 34, 45.8)],
             dtype=personType)
print(a, type(a))
# [('Liming', 24, 63.9) ('Mike', 15, 67. ) ('Jan', 34, 45.8)]
# <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

# 结构数组的取值方式和一般数组差不多，可以通过下标取得元素：
print(a[0])
# ('Liming', 24, 63.9)

print(a[-2:])
# [('Mike', 15, 67. ) ('Jan', 34, 45.8)]

# 我们可以使用字段名作为下标获取对应的值
print(a['name'])
# ['Liming' 'Mike' 'Jan']
print(a['age'])
# [24 15 34]
print(a['weight'])
# [63.9 67.  45.8]

二、应用
1、numpy.datetime64 与 datetime.datetime 相互转换

import numpy as np
import datetime

dt = datetime.datetime(year=2020, month=6, day=1, hour=20, minute=5, second=30)
dt64 = np.datetime64(dt, 's')
print(dt64, dt64.dtype)
# 2020-06-01T20:05:30 datetime64[s]

dt2 = dt64.astype(datetime.datetime)
print(dt2, type(dt2))
# 2020-06-01 20:05:30 <class 'datetime.datetime'>

2、给定一系列不连续的日期序列。填充缺失的日期，使其成为连续的日期序列.

import numpy as np
dates=np.arange('2020-02-01','2020-02-10',2,np.datetime64)

变成连续日期

out=[]
for day,i in zip(dates,np.diff(dates)):
	out.extend(np.arange(day,day+i))
fillin=np.array(out)
output=np.hstack([fillin,dates[-1]])

3、如何得到昨天，今天，明天的的日期

yesterday = np.datetime64('today', 'D') - np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
today     = np.datetime64('today', 'D')
tomorrow  = np.datetime64('today', 'D') + np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
print ("Yesterday is " + str(yesterday))
print ("Today is " + str(today))
print ("Tomorrow is "+ str(tomorrow))

4、将本地图像导入并将其转换为numpy数组。

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
ima=Image.open("a,jpg")
a=np.array(ima)
print(a.shape,a.type)