WIFI 配网

配网:指的是外部向WiFi模块提供SSID和密码,以便Wi-Fi模块可以连接指定的热点
常见的配网方式有:-键配网smart config、SoftAP配网、蓝牙配网、屏幕配网。


1.0 一键配网

 2.0 蓝牙配网

一键配网的模式对应的厂加模式


3.0 状态机WIFI模组物联网


4.0 创建枚举结构体

typedef enum
{
	// 正在处理AT指令
	WIFI_COMM_WAIT,
	// AT 指令接收成功
	WIFI_COMM_OK,
	// AT 指令接收失败
	WIFI_COMM_FALL,
}WifiCommState_t;

5.0 AT指令任务句柄

static WifiCommState_t AtCmdHandle(char *cmd, char *rsp, uint32_t timeoutMs)
{
	static WifiCommState_t s_commState = WIFI_COMM_OK;
	static uint64_t s_sendCmdTime;
	char *recvStrBuf;

	if (s_commState != WIFI_COMM_WAIT)
	{
		if (cmd != NULL)
		{
			SendWifiModuleStr(cmd);			
		}
		s_commState = WIFI_COMM_WAIT;
		s_sendCmdTime = GetSysRunTime();
	}
	else
	{
		if ((GetSysRunTime() - s_sendCmdTime) < timeoutMs)
		{
			recvStrBuf = RecvWifiModuleStr();
			if (strstr(recvStrBuf, rsp) != NULL)
			{
				s_commState = WIFI_COMM_OK;
				ClearRecvWifiStr();
			}
		}
		else
		{
			s_commState = WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
		}
	}
    return s_commState;	
}

注:这个函数的含义是,首先使用if 语句判断是否有命令在处理,在使用if 判断命令是否为空如果命令不为空的话,发送AT指令,使用延时等待函数,同时获取系统当前运行时间。否则获取当前系统时间减去第一次记录时间如果小于规定的时间,发送WIFI指令等...


6.0 AT指令结构体和指令集

typedef struct {
    /* 要发送的AT命令 */
    char *cmd;
    /* 期望的应答数据,默认处理匹配到该字符串认为命令执行成功 */
    char *rsp;
    /* 得到应答的超时时间,达到超时时间为执行失败,单位ms*/
    uint32_t timeoutMs;
} AtCmdInfo_t;

/*模组初始化命令集*/
static AtCmdInfo_t g_checkModuleCmdTable[] = {
	{
        .cmd = "AT+RST\r\n",        // 软复位
        .rsp = "ready",
		.timeoutMs = 3000,
    },
	{
		.cmd = NULL,                 // 只为等待
		.rsp = "XXXXX",
		.timeoutMs = 1000,
	},
    {
        .cmd = "ATE0\r\n",        // 关闭回显
        .rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 500,
    },
	{
        .cmd = "AT+CWMODE=1\r\n",
        .rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 500,	
	},
};

7.0 枚举检查AT指令命令类型

typedef enum 
{
	// AT指令硬件复位
	AT_RST,
	// AT指令延时
	AT_RST_DELAY,
	// AT指令回显
    AT_E0,
	// AT指令模式
	AT_CWMODE_1,
} AtCheckModuleCmdType;

8.0 检查WIFI模组工作

WifiCommState_t CheckWifiModuleWork(void)
{
	WifiCommState_t commState;
	static uint8_t retryCount = 0;
	static AtCheckModuleCmdType cmdType = AT_RST;

	switch (cmdType)
	{
		case AT_RST:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST].cmd, g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST].rsp, 
								 g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				retryCount = 0;
				cmdType = AT_RST_DELAY;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				retryCount++;
				if (retryCount == 3)
				{
					retryCount = 0;
					return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
				}
			}
			break;
		
		case AT_RST_DELAY:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST_DELAY].cmd, g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST_DELAY].rsp, 
								 g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_RST_DELAY].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_E0;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				cmdType = AT_E0;
			}
			break;	
			
		case AT_E0:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_E0].cmd, g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_E0].rsp, 
								 g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_E0].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				retryCount = 0;
				cmdType = AT_CWMODE_1;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				retryCount++;
				if (retryCount == 3)
				{
					retryCount = 0;
					return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
				}

			}
			break;
		case AT_CWMODE_1:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_CWMODE_1].cmd, g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_CWMODE_1].rsp, 
								 g_checkModuleCmdTable[AT_CWMODE_1].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_RST;
				return WIFI_COMM_OK;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
			}
			break;
	}
	return WIFI_COMM_WAIT;
}

 9.0 检查WIFI状态和WIFI信息

// 检查WIFI连接状态和连接信息
static AtCmdInfo_t g_checkConnectCmdTable[] = 
{
	{
        .cmd = "AT+CWSTATE?\r\n",
        .rsp = "CWSTATE:2",
		.timeoutMs = 1000,	
	},
};


10.0 创建枚举类型

// 创建枚举类型
typedef enum
{
	AT_CWSTATE = 0,
}AtcheckConnectCmdType;

11.0 检查WIFI连接

WifiCommState_t CheckWifiConnect(void)
{
	// 结构体的参数包括WAITE,
	WifiCommState_t commState;
	static AtcheckConnectCmdType cmdType = AT_CWSTATE;
	
	switch(cmdType)
	{
		case AT_CWSTATE:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_checkConnectCmdTable[AT_CWSTATE].cmd, g_checkConnectCmdTable[AT_CWSTATE].rsp, 
								 g_checkConnectCmdTable[AT_CWSTATE].timeoutMs);
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTATE;
				return WIFI_COMM_OK;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FALL)
			{
				return WIFI_COMM_FALL;
			}
			break;
	}
	return WIFI_COMM_WAIT;
}

注:检查WIFI是否连接成功,信息查询 ESP32-C2 设备的 Wi-Fi 状态和 Wi-Fi 信息


12.0 阿里云服务器AT指令信息

const static char g_mqttClientId[] = "k0tp7kBek08.board1|securemode=2\\,signmethod=hmacsha256\\,timestamp=1708571611329|";  
/* 
字符串里\\,第二个\是给at指令用的,第一个\是给编译器用的,不然识别不了第二个\
*/
const static char g_mqttUserName[] = "board1&k0tp7kBek08";
const static char g_mqttPwd[] = "4f777d27c5a22d090d53e47ae8f8b814d129ce64c1bf8bb07529948523e7bf16";
const static char g_mqttUrl[] = "iot-06z00c3kqsjgy5d.mqtt.iothub.aliyuncs.com";


static AtCmdInfo_t g_connectMqttCmdTable[] = {
	{
        .cmd = "AT+MQTTUSERCFG=0,1,\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\",0,0,\"\"\r\n",
        .rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 500,	
	},
	{
		.cmd = "AT+MQTTCONN=0,\"%s\",1883,1\r\n",
		.rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 2000,
	},
};

注:以下的这条AT指令用于设置MQTT的用户属性具体参数和格式如下所示:

具体的AT指令如下所示:

AT+MQTTUSERCFG=<LinkID>,<scheme>,<"client_id">,<"username">,<"password">,<cert_key_ID>,<CA_ID>,<"path">

参数按照以下给出的格式进行填写:

  • LinkID>:当前仅支持 link ID 0。

  • <scheme>

    • 1: MQTT over TCP;

    • 2: MQTT over TLS(不校验证书);

    • 3: MQTT over TLS(校验 server 证书);

    • 4: MQTT over TLS(提供 client 证书);

    • 5: MQTT over TLS(校验 server 证书并且提供 client 证书);

    • 6: MQTT over WebSocket(基于 TCP);

    • 7: MQTT over WebSocket Secure(基于 TLS,不校验证书);

    • 8: MQTT over WebSocket Secure(基于 TLS,校验 server 证书);

    • 9: MQTT over WebSocket Secure(基于 TLS,提供 client 证书);

    • 10: MQTT over WebSocket Secure(基于 TLS,校验 server 证书并且提供 client 证书)。

  • <client_id>:MQTT 客户端 ID,最大长度:256 字节。

  • <username>:用户名,用于登陆 MQTT broker,最大长度:64 字节。

  • <password>:密码,用于登陆 MQTT broker,最大长度:64 字节。

  • <cert_key_ID>:证书 ID,目前 ESP-AT 仅支持一套 cert 证书,参数为 0。

  • <CA_ID>:CA ID,目前 ESP-AT 仅支持一套 CA 证书,参数为 0。

  • <path>:资源路径,最大长度:32 字节。


13.0 创建枚举类型

注:内部的成员变量包括检查用户信息和连接MQTT服务器设备

typedef enum 
{
	AT_MQTTUSERCFG = 0,
	AT_MQTTCONN,
} AtConnectMqttCmdType;


14.0 连接MQTT服务

WifiCommState_t ConnectMqttServer(void)
{
	WifiCommState_t commState;
	static uint8_t retryCount = 0;
	static AtConnectMqttCmdType cmdType = AT_MQTTUSERCFG;
	char cmdStrBuf[256] = {0};

	switch (cmdType)
	{
		case AT_MQTTUSERCFG:
			sprintf(cmdStrBuf, g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTUSERCFG].cmd, g_mqttClientId, g_mqttUserName, g_mqttPwd);
			commState = AtCmdHandle(cmdStrBuf, g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTUSERCFG].rsp, 
								 g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTUSERCFG].timeoutMs);
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_MQTTCONN;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
			}
			break;		
		case AT_MQTTCONN:
			sprintf(cmdStrBuf, g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTCONN].cmd, g_mqttUrl);
			commState = AtCmdHandle(cmdStrBuf, g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTCONN].rsp, 
								 g_connectMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTCONN].timeoutMs);
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				retryCount = 0;
				cmdType = AT_MQTTUSERCFG;
				return WIFI_COMM_OK;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				retryCount++;
				if (retryCount == 3)
				{
					cmdType = AT_MQTTUSERCFG;
					retryCount = 0;
					return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
	return WIFI_COMM_WAIT;
}

15.0 发布MQTT消息

const static char g_mqttTopic[] = "/sys/k0tp7kBek08/board1/thing/event/property/post";  // board1对应deviceName,设备名称

static AtCmdInfo_t g_commMqttCmdTable[] = {
	{
        .cmd = "AT+MQTTPUB=0,\"%s\",\"{\\\"params\\\": {\\\"temp\\\": %.1f}}\",0,0\r\n",
        /* 特别注意:转义字符\的数量
		
		   发送的AT命令:
		   AT+MQTTPUB=0,"/sys/k0tp7kBek08/board1/thing/event/property/post","{\"params\": {\"temp\": 10.5}}",0,0\r\n
		*/
		.rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 500,	
	},
};

注:以下是AT模组参考资料说明

注:注意AT指令格式中 \  的数量

.cmd = "AT+MQTTPUB=0,\"%s\",\"{\\\"params\\\": {\\\"temp\\\": %.1f}}\",0,0\r\n",

注意第一个\ 是给" 使用的第二个是给\使用的,第三个是给编译器使用的如果贸然删除其中的一个会导致指令报错,编译无法通过。


16.0 发布MQTT指令

typedef enum 
{
	AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR = 0,
} AtCommMqttCmdType;

#define   MQTT_PUB_PERIOD   3000UL    // 上传数据周期,单位ms,不需要太频繁,减少服务器的负担

注:还有一个参数是MQTT指令的时间类型


17.0 传感器数据发布处理

WifiCommState_t CommMqttServer(void)
{
	static WifiCommState_t commState = WIFI_COMM_OK;
	static uint8_t retryCount = 0;
	static AtCommMqttCmdType cmdType = AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR;
	static uint64_t lastSysTime = 0;
	char cmdStrBuf[256] = {0};
	SensorData_t sensorData;
	
	switch (cmdType)
	{
		case AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR:
			if (commState != WIFI_COMM_WAIT)
			{
				if ((GetSysRunTime() - lastSysTime) < MQTT_PUB_PERIOD)
				{
					break;
				}
				else
				{
					lastSysTime = GetSysRunTime();
				}
			}
			GetSensorData(&sensorData);
			sprintf(cmdStrBuf, g_commMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR].cmd, g_mqttTopic, sensorData.temp);
			commState = AtCmdHandle(cmdStrBuf, g_commMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR].rsp, 
					 g_commMqttCmdTable[AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR].timeoutMs);
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				retryCount = 0;
				return WIFI_COMM_OK;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				retryCount++;
				if (retryCount == 3)
				{
					cmdType = AT_MQTTPUB_SENSOR;
					retryCount = 0;
					return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
				break;	
	}
	return WIFI_COMM_WAIT;
}


18.0 创建开启SmartConfig结构体数组

static AtCmdInfo_t g_smartCfgCmdTable[] = {
	{
		.cmd = "AT+CWSTARTSMART\r\n", 
		.rsp = "ssid",               // 因为AT+CWSTARTSMART响应有多个包,驱动使用空闲中断,第一包数据包含热点账号密码 
		.timeoutMs = SMART_CONFIG_RECV_SSID_TIMEOUT,
	},
	{
		.cmd = NULL,                 // 因为AT+CWSTARTSMART响应有多个包,驱动使用空闲中断,第三包数据包含"GOT IP",不发送具体命令,只为解析响应
		.rsp = "GOT IP",
		.timeoutMs = SMART_CONFIG_RECV_GOTIP_TIMEOUT,
	},
	{
		.cmd = NULL,                 // 接收到第三包数据包含"GOT IP",等待一会再去发送STOP命令,不然手机侧提示失败,只为等待
		.rsp = "XXXXX",
		.timeoutMs = SMART_CONFIG_DELAY_TIMEOUT,
	},
	{
        .cmd = "AT+CWSTOPSMART\r\n",
        .rsp = "OK",
		.timeoutMs = 300,	
	},
};

注:结构体数组的第一个参数是发送smartConfig命令,第二个参数是接收GOP IP也就是发送命令之后会返回几个数据包这个是其中的一个数据包,第三个参数没有具体的意义是用于实现一个非延时死等的延时方式,第四个参数是结束smartConfig命令的指令。


19.0 创建枚举类型

typedef enum 
{
	// 这个参数表示发送smartConfig
	AT_CWSTARTSMART,
	// 第二个参数表示返回值
	AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV,
	// 第三个参数表示延时
	AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY,
	// 第四个参数表示停止
	AT_CWSTOPSMART,
} AtSmartCfgCmdType;

20.0 创建smartConfig任务处理函数

static WifiCommState_t SmartConfigHandle(void)
{
	WifiCommState_t commState;
	static AtSmartCfgCmdType cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART;
	char *recvStrBuf;
	static uint8_t retryCount = 0;
	
	switch (cmdType)
	{
		case AT_CWSTARTSMART:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART].cmd, g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART].rsp, 
								 g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				recvStrBuf = RecvWifiModuleStr();				
				cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY;
			}
			break;
		case AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV].cmd, g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV].rsp, 
								 g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_RECV].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY;
			}
			break;
		case AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY].cmd, g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY].rsp, 
								 g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTARTSMART_DELAY].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTOPSMART;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				cmdType = AT_CWSTOPSMART;
			}
			break;
		case AT_CWSTOPSMART:
			commState = AtCmdHandle(g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTOPSMART].cmd, g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTOPSMART].rsp, 
								 g_smartCfgCmdTable[AT_CWSTOPSMART].timeoutMs);
		
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				retryCount = 0;
				cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART;
				return WIFI_COMM_OK;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				retryCount++;
				if (retryCount == 3)
				{
					cmdType = AT_CWSTARTSMART;
					retryCount = 0;
					return WIFI_COMM_FAIL;
				}
			}
			break;
	}
	return WIFI_COMM_WAIT;	
}

注:以上程序代码使用的也是状态机的方式


21.0 创建枚举类型表示WIFI连接的状态

static bool g_needSmartCfg = false;

void StartSmartCfgWifi(void)
{
	g_needSmartCfg = true;
}

static WifiConnectState_t g_wifiConnectState = WIFI_CONNECT_NWK_ING;
WifiConnectState_t GetWifiConnectState(void)
{
	return g_wifiConnectState;
}


typedef enum
{
	CHECK_WIFI_MODULE,
	CHECK_WIFI_CONNECT,
	CONNECT_MQTT_SERVER,
	COMM_MQTT_SERVER,
	SMARTCONFIG_WIFI,
	HWRESET_WIFI_MODULE,
	WIWI_MODULE_ERROR,
} WifiWorkState_t;

22.0 WIFI网络任务函数

void WifiNetworkTask(void)
{
	WifiCommState_t commState;
	static WifiWorkState_t workState = CHECK_WIFI_MODULE;
	static uint8_t hwresetCnt = 0;
	switch (workState)
	{
		case CHECK_WIFI_MODULE:
			g_wifiConnectState = WIFI_CONNECT_NWK_ING;
			commState = CheckWifiModuleWork();
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_CONNECT;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				workState = HWRESET_WIFI_MODULE;
			}
			break;
		case CHECK_WIFI_CONNECT:
			commState = CheckWifiConnect();
			if (commState != WIFI_COMM_WAIT && g_needSmartCfg)
			{
				workState = SMARTCONFIG_WIFI;
				break;
			}
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				workState = CONNECT_MQTT_SERVER;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_CONNECT;
			}
			break;		
		case CONNECT_MQTT_SERVER:
			commState = ConnectMqttServer();
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				workState = COMM_MQTT_SERVER;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_MODULE;
			}
			break;
			
		case COMM_MQTT_SERVER:
			commState = CommMqttServer();
			if (commState != WIFI_COMM_WAIT && g_needSmartCfg)
			{
				workState = SMARTCONFIG_WIFI;
				break;
			}
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				g_wifiConnectState = WIFI_CONNECT_MQTT_SUCESS;
				workState = COMM_MQTT_SERVER;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				g_wifiConnectState = WIFI_CONNECT_MQTT_FAIL;
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_MODULE;
			}
			break;
			
		case SMARTCONFIG_WIFI:
			g_needSmartCfg = false;
			g_wifiConnectState = WIFI_SMART_CONFIGING;
			commState = SmartConfigHandle();
			if (commState == WIFI_COMM_OK)
			{
				workState = CONNECT_MQTT_SERVER;
			}
			else if (commState == WIFI_COMM_FAIL)
			{
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_MODULE;
			}
			break;	
			
		case HWRESET_WIFI_MODULE:
			if (hwresetCnt < 1)                 // 如果AT命令不通,硬件复位1次
			{
				HwresetWifiModule();
				DelayNms(1000);
				workState = CHECK_WIFI_MODULE;
				hwresetCnt++;
			}
			else
			{
				printf("wifi module error!\n");
				workState = WIWI_MODULE_ERROR;  // 如果硬件复位1次,AT命令还是不通,就不再执行WIFI任务的业务逻辑,直接退出,避免影响其他任务
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
}

注:以上程序使用的也是状态机的思想


23.0 头文件

#ifndef _WIFI_APP_H_
#define _WIFI_APP_H_

#define SMART_CONFIG_RECV_SSID_TIMEOUT   30000
#define SMART_CONFIG_RECV_GOTIP_TIMEOUT  5000
#define SMART_CONFIG_DELAY_TIMEOUT       5000
#define SMART_CONFIG_ENTIRE_TIMEOUT      (SMART_CONFIG_RECV_SSID_TIMEOUT + SMART_CONFIG_RECV_GOTIP_TIMEOUT + SMART_CONFIG_DELAY_TIMEOUT + 5)

typedef enum
{
	WIFI_CONNECT_NWK_ING,
	WIFI_CONNECT_MQTT_FAIL,
	WIFI_CONNECT_MQTT_SUCESS,
	WIFI_SMART_CONFIGING,
} WifiConnectState_t;

void WifiNetworkTask(void);
void StartSmartCfgWifi(void);
WifiConnectState_t GetWifiConnectState(void);
#endif

 

...

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