C++学习笔记（三）——结构体（四）——将结构体做函数参数

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前言

本节介绍结构体作为函数参数的用法

一、分类

值传递：形参变，实参不变
地址传递：形参和实参都变了

二、代码示例

1、值传递

1.1 、定义函数

//打印学生信息的函数
//1、值传递
void printStudent1(struct Student s)
{
	s.age = 22;
	s.score = 95;
	cout << "在printStudent1函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
}

1.2、在主函数中输出对比

//值传递
	struct Student s1 = { "小黑",20,99};
	cout << "值传递前main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s1.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s1.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s1.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
	printStudent1(s1);
	cout << "值传递后main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s1.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s1.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s1.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;

1.3、输出结果

由图可知：值传递前后实参不发生变化

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2、地址传递

2.1、定义函数

//2、地址传递
void printStudent2(struct Student *p)
{
	p->age = 23;
	p->score = 97;
	cout << "在printStudent2函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << p->name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << p->age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << p->score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
}

2.2、在主函数中输出对比

//地址传递
	struct Student s2 = { "小金",21,98 };
	cout << "地址传递前main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s2.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s2.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s2.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
	Student * p = &s2;
	printStudent2(p);
	cout << "地址传递后main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s2.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s2.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s2.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;

2.3、输出结果

总结：由图可知：地址传递前后实参发生变化

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3、完整代码

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//将结构体做函数参数
//将学生传入一个参数中，打印学生身上所有信息
//值传递：形参变，实参不变
//地址传递：形参和实参都变了
//1、定义结构体
struct Student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

//打印学生信息的函数
//1、值传递
void printStudent1(struct Student s)
{
	s.age = 22;
	s.score = 95;
	cout << "在printStudent1函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
}
//2、地址传递
void printStudent2(struct Student *p)
{
	p->age = 23;
	p->score = 97;
	cout << "在printStudent2函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << p->name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << p->age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << p->score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	//值传递
	struct Student s1 = { "小黑",20,99};
	cout << "值传递前main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s1.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s1.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s1.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
	printStudent1(s1);
	cout << "值传递后main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s1.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s1.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s1.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;

	//地址传递
	struct Student s2 = { "小金",21,98 };
	cout << "地址传递前main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s2.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s2.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s2.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;
	Student * p = &s2;
	printStudent2(p);
	cout << "地址传递后main函数中打印的结果：" << endl
		 << "姓名：" << s2.name << endl
		 << "年龄：" << s2.age << endl
		 << "成绩：" << s2.score << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------------" << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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