XJTU 新闻英语阅读微课内容总结

本文内容整理自西安交通大学英语在线学习平台

第一节

为什么读新闻

不同分类

硬新闻与软新闻对比

新闻的特点

英国著名报纸

美国著名报纸

最大的三个NBC,CBS,ABC

报纸封面

新闻标题特征

1. 使用一般现在式表示一般过去式
2. 用过去式来表示被动式
3. 动词不定式(to do)表示将来
4. 省略be动词,冠词,his,her,连词改为逗号
5. 省略there be
6. and用逗号表示,用冒号表示说明性语句

例子

标题的修辞手法

Lexical features of Headlines

1. Abbreviations and acronyms 缩写和首字母缩略词
2. Clipped words 剪接词
3. Midget words 小词

1.Abbreviations and acronyms

Abbreviation: A shortened form of a word or phrase

Acronym: a word formed from the initial letters of a multi-word name

缩写：单词或短语的缩写形式
首字母缩略词：由一个多词名字的首字母组成的词

例子:

• IMF: International Monetary Fund
• PM: Prime Minister
• MP: Member of Parliament
• OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
• NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

3 purposes

• For organizations
• For professions,careers or positions
• For familiar concepts

-对于组织
-职业、职业或职位
-熟悉的概念

2.Clipped Words

Clipped words are created by dropping one or more syllables from a word of several syllables

剪接词是从一个由几个音节组成的词中去掉一个或多个音节而产生的

• Mag: magazine
• Hi-tech: High Technology

3.Midget words

Midget words are short and informal words,usually single-syllable words

小词是简短的非正式词，通常是单音节词

Rhetorical features of headlines

标题的修辞特征

The Functions:

1. Attracting the reader’s attention 吸引读者的注意力
2. Summarizing the story 总结故事
3. Helping the reader index the content of the page 帮助读者索引页面内容
4. Depicting the mood of the story 描绘故事的情绪
5. Helping set the tone of the story 帮助设定故事的基调
6. Providing adequate typographic relief 排版轻松

1.Parody 模仿

a work that imitates another work

模仿另一件作品的作品

2.Rhyme and alliteration 押韵和头韵

Rhyme: repetition of similar sounds(or the same sound) in two or more words, most often in the final syllables of sentences

Alliteration: use of several words together that begin with the same sound or letter

押韵：在两个或多个单词中重复相似的声音（或相同的声音），最常见的是在句子的最后一个音节

头韵：以相同的声音或字母开头的几个单词一起使用

3.Pun 双关语

Pun: a word play,exploiting different meanings of the same word or a string of words, or similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect

双关：一种文字游戏，利用同一个词或一串词的不同含义，或发音相近的词来达到幽默或修辞效果

LEAD

Definition

The opening paragraph or two of the story is called the ‘lead’. A lead paragraph is a mini-story

故事开头的一两段叫做“导语”。前导段落是一个小故事

• Succinct 简洁
  • One-sentence,less than 25 words 一句话，不到25个字
• Informative 信息性
  • main information: who,what 主要信息：谁，什么

Categories

• Hard News
  • up to the minute news that are reported immediately 即时报道的最新消息
  • politics,war,economic,crime 政治、战争、经济、犯罪
  • In a hard news story,the lead should be a full summary of what is to follow. It should incorporate as many of the 5W’s of journalism(Who,what,when,where and why)as possible 在一个硬新闻故事中，导语应该是对接下来的内容的全面总结。它应该包含尽可能多的新闻业的5W（谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么）
• Soft News
  • background information or human interested stories 背景信息或人类感兴趣的故事
  • art,entertainment,love stories 艺术、娱乐、爱情故事
  • In a soft news story,the lead should present the subject of the story in a somewhat literary manner to draw the reader in 在一个软新闻故事中，主角应该以一种文学的方式呈现故事的主题，以吸引读者

Elements in News leads

6 elements: Who,what,when,why,where,how

Relationship between News headlines and leads

• Headline is the brief conclusion of lead 标题是导语的简短结论
• Lead is an expanded detail of headline 导语是标题的扩展细节

新闻结构

倒金字塔结构(inverted pyramid)

为什么使用倒金字塔结构

(第三点大意:美国内战时候用的,用的是电报,不稳定,所以要先把重要的发过去以防中断)

优点

缺点

总结(这个看看,记一下)

作文

Key words that could be used in interviews

• local media says…
• an official from … was quoted/cited as saying that…
• an authority from… reported/announced…
• weather experts say in a statement…
• According to local (traffic) police, …