前言
主题 | 地址 |
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1. 主语的选择-强调 | 点击跳转 |
2. 主语的选择-动词 | 点击跳转 |
3. 代词的选择 | 点击跳转 |
4. 连词 vs 副词 | 点击跳转 |
5. but vs however | 点击跳转 |
6. 连词和副词的位置 | 点击跳转 |
1. 主语的选择-强调
- 主语的位置经常放“已知的”信息,同一句子,主语不同,可以形成主动式,被动式,have … done 等形式的句子
- The storm damaged Margeret’s house pretty badly. 强调 The storm
- Margaret’s house was / got badly damaged in the storm. 强调 Margaret’s house
- Margaret had her house badly damaged in the storm. 强调 Margaret
2. 主语的选择-动词
- 动词不影响主语的选择
- The biscuit factory employs 7000 people. 强调 The biscuit factory
- 7000 people work for the biscuit factory. 强调 7000 people
- The children followed Paul outside. 强调 The children
3. 代词的选择
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it / that / this:主要用于代指上文中出现的事物。
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it 经常用于指代上文中正在讨论的事物
- As the cleaner was moving the computer, he dropped it onto the table. It was badly damaged.
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this 用于指代重新出现的事物,尤其是刚刚提及到的事物,这是 …
- As the cleaner was moving the compute, he dropped it onto the table, This was badly damaged. 这里的 This 指代的 table
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this 用法补充:可用于代指即将发生或者即将要讨论的事物
- Tell me what you think about this: I thought I’d get a job in Spain for a few months.
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that :用于指代上文中已经发生或已经被讨论过的事情,比 it 多了一层强调的语气
- I thought I’d get a job in Spain for a few months. Tell me what you think about that.
4. 连词 vs 副词
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连词是在 “语法 + 含义” 上连接句子,其功能在于体现句子之间的逻辑关系,常见的连词有:and / but / or / so / before / after / when / as soon as / because / since / although / though / while / if
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当连词出现在两个句子中间时:
- 没有任何停顿直接连接句子(从句比较短)
- 句子太长,用逗号将两个句子隔开,方便阅读
- I had supper before I phoned Jack.
- I was very unhappy, so I decided to change my job.
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副词:可以在 “含义” 上连接句子,但是没有语法上的纽带作用, 所以并没有将两个分句连接成一个句子,从语法上看仍然是两个独立的分句。
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常见的用于从 “含义” 上连接句子的副词有:however / then / therefore / meanwhile / consequently / in fact / actually / also / as a result / on the other hand / indeed …
- I had supper therefore I phoned Jack. 一定不能这么写,错得很严重,therefore 是副词,不能连接两个句子,需要用句号,然后从新开始一个新的句子
- I had supper. Therefore, I phoned Jack. 推荐使用
- I had supper; therefore I phoned Jack.
- I was unhappy. Therefore / As a result / Consequently, I changed my job.
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注:then 这个词比较特殊,通常可以像连词一样连接句子
5. but vs however
- … but …
- … . However , …
- It was cold, but it was pleasant.
- It was cold. However, it was pleasant.
6. 连词和副词的位置
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连词:放在分句之前
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副词:可以放到句中不同的位置,放在句首通常需要打逗号,不能放在宾词前修饰宾语,其他位置均可
- He confessed to 114 murders, but the police did not believe his story.
- He confessed to 114 murders. However, the police did not believe his story.
- He confessed to 114 murders. The police, however, did not believe his story.
- He confessed to 114 murders. The police did not, however, believe his story.
- He confessed to 114 murders. The police didi not believe his story, however.