【考研英语语法】词性的选择与所放位置

前言

主题	地址
1. 主语的选择-强调	点击跳转
2. 主语的选择-动词	点击跳转
3. 代词的选择	点击跳转
4. 连词 vs 副词	点击跳转
5. but vs however	点击跳转
6. 连词和副词的位置	点击跳转

1. 主语的选择-强调

• 主语的位置经常放“已知的”信息，同一句子，主语不同，可以形成主动式，被动式，have … done 等形式的句子
  • The storm damaged Margeret’s house pretty badly. 强调 The storm
  • Margaret’s house was / got badly damaged in the storm. 强调 Margaret’s house
  • Margaret had her house badly damaged in the storm. 强调 Margaret

2. 主语的选择-动词

• 动词不影响主语的选择
  • The biscuit factory employs 7000 people. 强调 The biscuit factory
  • 7000 people work for the biscuit factory. 强调 7000 people
  • The children followed Paul outside. 强调 The children

3. 代词的选择

• it / that / this：主要用于代指上文中出现的事物。

• it 经常用于指代上文中正在讨论的事物

  • As the cleaner was moving the computer, he dropped it onto the table. It was badly damaged.

• this 用于指代重新出现的事物，尤其是刚刚提及到的事物,这是 …

  • As the cleaner was moving the compute, he dropped it onto the table, This was badly damaged. 这里的 This 指代的 table

• this 用法补充：可用于代指即将发生或者即将要讨论的事物

  • Tell me what you think about this: I thought I’d get a job in Spain for a few months.

• that ：用于指代上文中已经发生或已经被讨论过的事情，比 it 多了一层强调的语气

  • I thought I’d get a job in Spain for a few months. Tell me what you think about that.

4. 连词 vs 副词

• 连词是在 “语法 + 含义” 上连接句子，其功能在于体现句子之间的逻辑关系，常见的连词有：and / but / or / so / before / after / when / as soon as / because / since / although / though / while / if

• 当连词出现在两个句子中间时：

  • 没有任何停顿直接连接句子（从句比较短）
  • 句子太长，用逗号将两个句子隔开，方便阅读
    • I had supper before I phoned Jack.
    • I was very unhappy, so I decided to change my job.

• 副词：可以在 “含义” 上连接句子，但是没有语法上的纽带作用， 所以并没有将两个分句连接成一个句子，从语法上看仍然是两个独立的分句。

• 常见的用于从 “含义” 上连接句子的副词有：however / then / therefore / meanwhile / consequently / in fact / actually / also / as a result / on the other hand / indeed …

  • I had supper therefore I phoned Jack. 一定不能这么写，错得很严重，therefore 是副词，不能连接两个句子，需要用句号，然后从新开始一个新的句子
  • I had supper. Therefore, I phoned Jack. 推荐使用
  • I had supper; therefore I phoned Jack.
  • I was unhappy. Therefore / As a result / Consequently, I changed my job.

• 注：then 这个词比较特殊，通常可以像连词一样连接句子

5. but vs however

• … but …
• … . However , …
• It was cold, but it was pleasant.
• It was cold. However, it was pleasant.

6. 连词和副词的位置

• 连词：放在分句之前

• 副词：可以放到句中不同的位置，放在句首通常需要打逗号，不能放在宾词前修饰宾语，其他位置均可

  • He confessed to 114 murders, but the police did not believe his story.
  • He confessed to 114 murders. However, the police did not believe his story.
  • He confessed to 114 murders. The police, however, did not believe his story.
  • He confessed to 114 murders. The police did not, however, believe his story.
  • He confessed to 114 murders. The police didi not believe his story, however.