Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable 即昂贵又受罪

1.原文

2. 参考译文

3. New words and expressions

★unload v. 卸(货)load v. 装货
★extremely adv. 非常, 极其,把一个形容词或副词推到了极限，达到了无以复加的程度
★occur ① vi. 发生When did the accident occur？
② vi. 被想起，被想到
It occured to sb. that… 某人想起了……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起了……
It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看
sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想起某件事 (从后面往前面翻)A good idea occured to me. = I have a good idea. happen vi. 发生
What happened/occured ?
It happened to me… 这件事发生在我身上
What happened to you? = What’s wrong with you?
★astonish vt. 使惊讶
如果一个动词跟人的情绪有关，则它的宾语是人，其形容词有两个：令人 –ing；感到 –ed astonishing adj. 令人惊讶 astonished adj.感到惊讶的
I am surprised.–>astonished–>astounded–>shocked 惊讶程度递增surprise最常用,但意思肤浅astonished 难以置信的事astound vt. 使惊骇, 使大吃一惊 (非常吃惊, 目瞪口呆)shock不快的事
★discover v. 发现 (属于那种以前你不知道的事现在知道了)discovery n. 探索，发现
★admit ① vt. 承认，供认
admit sth. / admit doing sth. 承认做某事
admit that… 承认……
deny sth. /deny doing sth. 拒绝做……
② vt. 准许……进入，准许……加入
Without a ticket you won’t be admitted into cinema.
★confine v. 关在或局限在某个地方(一个狭小的空间里) sb. was confined to +地点 某人被关在某个地方

4. 课文讲解

1、When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.
a number of… 许多，若干…….
unload 的含义为“卸(货)”，它的反义词为load(装货)。与形容词uncomfortable，unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。
clothing服装的总称，不可数名词，在分类时强调衣服这一种类，可包括鞋、帽等；clothes一般指衣服，表"衣服"的单数名词的复数形式, 表许多衣服。
2、No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.
No one could account for the fact that… 谁也弄不清楚……这样一个事实
account for = explain= give the explanation 说明原因、作出说明(或解释)，但也有区别，account 的解释必须是令人满意的，而explain 却只要是一个解释就行 How do you account for the battered car?
that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的that是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用；that在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句
3、It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. sth. occurred to sb. 某人想起某事
open up 打开
4、He was astonished at what he found.
sb. be astonished at sth. 某事使/让某人吃惊
5、A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods.
a pile of 一堆……piles of snow 一堆堆的雪
on top of 在……之上(与顶端有接触面)
at the top of 在……上方(at the top of之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之内)
6、He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. over = more than
have a trip = go on a trip
be confined to 把……限制起来
for在文中这里强调事实, 而非原因
7、The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip.
pay…for… 为……付钱，为……付出代价
cost of… ……的花费, 费用
the cost of government 政府开支

5. Key structures

与 to, at, for和 with连用的动词
与to连用的动词：accustom(ed) to(习惯于)；amount to(达到)；appeal to(呼吁)；apply to /for(适用于)；attach(ed) to(附属于)；attend to(参加)；belong to(属于)；challenge to(向……提出挑战)；compare to /with(比较)；condemn(ed) to(判刑)；confess to(承认)；confine to(限制)；consent to(同意)；convert to(改信(某宗教))；entitle(d) to(享有权利)；listen to(听)；mention to(提到)；object to(反对)； occur to(想到)； prefer to(更喜欢)；react to /against(对……反应)；reply to(回答)；respond to(响应)；see to(注意)；submit to(服从于)； surrender to(向……投降)；turn to(转向)；yield to(屈服)。
I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers.
I shall see to the dinner tonight. 今晚我做晚饭。
与at连用的动词：amused at/by(对……感到有趣)；arrive at/in(到达)；astonish (ed) at/ by(感到惊愕)；exclaim at(惊叫)；glance at(对……看一眼)；guess at(猜测)；knock at(敲)；look at(看)；point at/to(指向)；shock(ed) at / by(感到震惊)；stare at(盯着……看)；surprise(d) at /by(感到惊讶)；wonder at/about(感到惊异)；work at/on(钻研)。
at通常用于表达感情的一些词后，并且这些词往往用被动语态，at用于其它动词之后一般为主动语态。
与 for连用的动词：account for(说明(原因))；ask for/of(请求)；act for/on(代表)；apologize for(因……而道歉)；blame for(责备)；beg for(乞求)；call for(需要)；charge for(收费)；exchange for(交换)；hope for(希望)；look for(寻找)；mistake for(误认为)；mourn for(哀悼)；pay for(为……付款)；prepare for(准备)；provide for(提供)；search for(寻求)；thank for(感谢)；vote for/on 投票支持；wait for/on(等候)。
与with连用的动词：agree with(同意)；begin with(以……开始)；communicate with(与……联络)；compare with/to(与……比较)；compete with/against(同……竞争)；comply with(同意；confuse with(误作)；contrast with/to(形成对照)；cope with(对付)；correspond with(与……一致)；disgust(ed) with(使……讨厌)；finish with(完成)；help with/ in(帮助)；interfere with/in(干扰)；mix with(混合)；occupy(ied) with(从事于)；part with(放弃)；please(d) with(对……满意)；quarrel with/about(争论)；reason with(规劝)；satisfy (fied) with/by(感到满足)；threaten (ed) with(威胁)