redis命令大全
redis底层数据结构
SDS
源码位于sds.c, sds.h, sdsalloc.h中
为什么要有这个结构
redis为什么要使用sds代替c语言默认的字符串char *实现？一方面是\0是char *的结束符，不符合redis的存储任何字符的要求。二方面是char*的统计长度还有扩容等都是O（n）时间复杂度。
数据结构（以32位大小的sds为例）
struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr32 {
//已经使用的长度
uint32_t len; /* used */
//已经分配的长度
uint32_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
char buf[]; //被typedef成sds
};其中flag取值如下
根据字符数组的大小有着不同数据类型的len和alloc，进一步节省空间了
packed关键字让编译器不要优化，让结构体按照8字节对齐，而是内部使用了多少就是多少。让空间更高效的使用了
新建sds字符串（_sdsnewlen）
sds _sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen, int trymalloc) {
void *sh;
sds s;
char type = sdsReqType(initlen);
/* Empty strings are usually created in order to append. Use type 8
* since type 5 is not good at this. */
if (type == SDS_TYPE_5 && initlen == 0) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
int hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
unsigned char *fp; /* flags pointer. */
size_t usable;
//判断是否有数字溢出
assert(initlen + hdrlen + 1 > initlen); /* Catch size_t overflow */
//分配结构体以及内部的buf空间
sh = trymalloc?
s_trymalloc_usable(hdrlen+initlen+1, &usable) :
s_malloc_usable(hdrlen+initlen+1, &usable);
if (sh == NULL) return NULL;
if (init==SDS_NOINIT)
init = NULL;
else if (!init)
memset(sh, 0, hdrlen+initlen+1);
//指向真正数据的指针
s = (char*)sh+hdrlen;
//指向flag标志位
fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
usable = usable-hdrlen-1;
if (usable > sdsTypeMaxSize(type))
usable = sdsTypeMaxSize(type);
switch(type) {
case SDS_TYPE_5: {
*fp = type | (initlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_8: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = usable;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_16: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = usable;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_32: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = usable;
*fp = type;
break;
}
case SDS_TYPE_64: {
SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
sh->len = initlen;
sh->alloc = usable;
*fp = type;
break;
}
}
if (initlen && init)
memcpy(s, init, initlen);
s[initlen] = '\0';
return s;
}获取字符串长度
static inline size_t sdslen(const sds s) {
//SDS_HDR是通过s这个指向真正字符串内容的指针后移对应结构体长度获取结构体的起始位置
unsigned char flags = s[-1];
switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
case SDS_TYPE_5:
return SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(flags);
case SDS_TYPE_8:
return SDS_HDR(8,s)->len;
case SDS_TYPE_16:
return SDS_HDR(16,s)->len;
case SDS_TYPE_32:
return SDS_HDR(32,s)->len;
case SDS_TYPE_64:
return SDS_HDR(64,s)->len;
}
return 0;
}可见只用了o(1)时间复杂度就统计出了长度
字符串拼接（sdscatlen）
sds sdscatlen(sds s, const void *t, size_t len) {
size_t curlen = sdslen(s);
//空间担保，不足的时候就扩容并预分配字符数组内存
s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len);
if (s == NULL) return NULL;
memcpy(s+curlen, t, len);
//设置结构体len值（已分配内存长度）
sdssetlen(s, curlen+len);
s[curlen+len] = '\0';
return s;
}sds空间担保 （sdsMakeRoomFor）
sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
void *sh, *newsh;
//alloc - len
size_t avail = sdsavail(s);
size_t len, newlen, reqlen;
char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
int hdrlen;
size_t usable;
/* Return ASAP if there is enough space left. */
if (avail >= addlen) return s;
len = sdslen(s);
sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);
reqlen = newlen = (len+addlen);
assert(newlen > len); /* Catch size_t overflow */
//新的字符数组长度小于1m，就两倍扩容，空间预分配了现在
if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
newlen *= 2;
else //否则就加上1m
newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;
type = sdsReqType(newlen);
/* Don't use type 5: the user is appending to the string and type 5 is
* not able to remember empty space, so sdsMakeRoomFor() must be called
* at every appending operation. */
if (type == SDS_TYPE_5) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
assert(hdrlen + newlen + 1 > reqlen); /* Catch size_t overflow */
if (oldtype==type) {
newsh = s_realloc_usable(sh, hdrlen+newlen+1, &usable);
if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
} else {
/* Since the header size changes, need to move the string forward,
* and can't use realloc */
newsh = s_malloc_usable(hdrlen+newlen+1, &usable);
if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
s_free(sh);
s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
s[-1] = type;
sdssetlen(s, len);
}
usable = usable-hdrlen-1;
if (usable > sdsTypeMaxSize(type))
usable = sdsTypeMaxSize(type);
sdssetalloc(s, usable);
return s;
}其余常用api
Dict
见dict.c,dict.h
为什么要有这个结构
redis是key-value结构，必须要有哈希表
数据结构
//将dictht包了一层用于rehash
typedef struct dict {
dictType *type;
void *privdata;
dictht ht[2];
long rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
int16_t pauserehash; /* If >0 rehashing is paused (<0 indicates coding error) */
} dict;/* This is our hash table structure. Every dictionary has two of this as we
* implement incremental rehashing, for the old to the new table. */
//哈希表结构
typedef struct dictht {
//*table值是指向dictEntry的指针
dictEntry **table;
unsigned long size;
unsigned long sizemask;
unsigned long used;
} dictht;typedef struct dictEntry {
//key指针
void *key;
union {
//value可以是以下的任一类型，都是8字节
void *val;
uint64_t u64;
int64_t s64;
double d;
} v;
//拉链法，出现hash冲突的时候指向下一个节点。
struct dictEntry *next;
} dictEntry;创建dict
/* Create a new hash table */
dict *dictCreate(dictType *type,
void *privDataPtr)
{
dict *d = zmalloc(sizeof(*d));
_dictInit(d,type,privDataPtr);
return d;
}
/* Initialize the hash table */
int _dictInit(dict *d, dictType *type,
void *privDataPtr)
{
_dictReset(&d->ht[0]);
_dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
d->type = type;
d->privdata = privDataPtr;
d->rehashidx = -1;
d->pauserehash = 0;
return DICT_OK;
}添加元素
/* Add an element to the target hash table */
int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val)
{
//添加key对应的entry到适合的d->ht中
dictEntry *entry = dictAddRaw(d,key,NULL);
if (!entry) return DICT_ERR;
//往entry中设置值
dictSetVal(d, entry, val);
return DICT_OK;
}/* Low level add or find:
* This function adds the entry but instead of setting a value returns the
* dictEntry structure to the user, that will make sure to fill the value
* field as they wish.
*
* This function is also directly exposed to the user API to be called
* mainly in order to store non-pointers inside the hash value, example:
*
* entry = dictAddRaw(dict,mykey,NULL);
* if (entry != NULL) dictSetSignedIntegerVal(entry,1000);
*
* Return values:
*
* If key already exists NULL is returned, and "*existing" is populated
* with the existing entry if existing is not NULL.
*
* If key was added, the hash entry is returned to be manipulated by the caller.
*/
dictEntry *dictAddRaw(dict *d, void *key, dictEntry **existing)
{
long index;
dictEntry *entry;
dictht *ht;
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
/* Get the index of the new element, or -1 if
* the element already exists. */
//仅仅是找到key对应的index
if ((index = _dictKeyIndex(d, key, dictHashKey(d,key), existing)) == -1)
return NULL;
/* Allocate the memory and store the new entry.
* Insert the element in top, with the assumption that in a database
* system it is more likely that recently added entries are accessed
* more frequently. */
//正在rehash就把key存在ht[1]
ht = dictIsRehashing(d) ? &d->ht[1] : &d->ht[0];
entry = zmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
//头插法
entry->next = ht->table[index];
ht->table[index] = entry;
ht->used++;
/* Set the hash entry fields. */
dictSetKey(d, entry, key);
return entry;
}扩容操作
扩容后会进行reshash
/* Expand the hash table if needed */
static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *d)
{
/* Incremental rehashing already in progress. Return. */
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_OK;
/* If the hash table is empty expand it to the initial size. */
if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return dictExpand(d, DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE);
/* If we reached the 1:1 ratio, and we are allowed to resize the hash
* table (global setting) or we should avoid it but the ratio between
* elements/buckets is over the "safe" threshold, we resize doubling
* the number of buckets. */
//如果使用的值已经大于等于table的容量并且允许扩容那就扩容
if (d->ht[0].used >= d->ht[0].size &&
(dict_can_resize ||
d->ht[0].used/d->ht[0].size > dict_force_resize_ratio) &&
dictTypeExpandAllowed(d))
{
return dictExpand(d, d->ht[0].used + 1);
}
return DICT_OK;
}/* Expand or create the hash table,
* when malloc_failed is non-NULL, it'll avoid panic if malloc fails (in which case it'll be set to 1).
* Returns DICT_OK if expand was performed, and DICT_ERR if skipped. */
int _dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size, int* malloc_failed)
{
if (malloc_failed) *malloc_failed = 0;
/* the size is invalid if it is smaller than the number of
* elements already inside the hash table */
if (dictIsRehashing(d) || d->ht[0].used > size)
return DICT_ERR;
dictht n; /* the new hash table */
//扩容值为大于等于目标size的最小的2的倍数
unsigned long realsize = _dictNextPower(size);
/* Detect overflows */
if (realsize < size || realsize * sizeof(dictEntry*) < realsize)
return DICT_ERR;
/* Rehashing to the same table size is not useful. */
if (realsize == d->ht[0].size) return DICT_ERR;
/* Allocate the new hash table and initialize all pointers to NULL */
n.size = realsize;
n.sizemask = realsize-1;
if (malloc_failed) {
n.table = ztrycalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
*malloc_failed = n.table == NULL;
if (*malloc_failed)
return DICT_ERR;
} else
n.table = zcalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
n.used = 0;
/* Is this the first initialization? If so it's not really a rehashing
* we just set the first hash table so that it can accept keys. */
if (d->ht[0].table == NULL) {
d->ht[0] = n;
return DICT_OK;
}
//扩容后进行rehash
/* Prepare a second hash table for incremental rehashing */
d->ht[1] = n;
d->rehashidx = 0;
return DICT_OK;
}渐进式rehash
增删改查的时候会将ht[0]的一个非空的index内的所有entry搬到ht[1],新增元素直接新增到ht[1]中去。
/* Performs N steps of incremental rehashing. Returns 1 if there are still
* keys to move from the old to the new hash table, otherwise 0 is returned.
*
* Note that a rehashing step consists in moving a bucket (that may have more
* than one key as we use chaining) from the old to the new hash table, however
* since part of the hash table may be composed of empty spaces, it is not
* guaranteed that this function will rehash even a single bucket, since it
* will visit at max N*10 empty buckets in total, otherwise the amount of
* work it does would be unbound and the function may block for a long time. */
//增删查改的时候会执行一次rehash，移动一个index内的所有entry
int dictRehash(dict *d, int n) {
//如果在循环内共访问了10个空的entry，就撤
int empty_visits = n*10; /* Max number of empty buckets to visit. */
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return 0;
while(n-- && d->ht[0].used != 0) {
dictEntry *de, *nextde;
/* Note that rehashidx can't overflow as we are sure there are more
* elements because ht[0].used != 0 */
assert(d->ht[0].size > (unsigned long)d->rehashidx);
//跳过空白index
while(d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] == NULL) {
d->rehashidx++;
if (--empty_visits == 0) return 1;
}
de = d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx];
/* Move all the keys in this bucket from the old to the new hash HT */
while(de) {
uint64_t h;
nextde = de->next;
/* Get the index in the new hash table */
//算出key在新table内的index
h = dictHashKey(d, de->key) & d->ht[1].sizemask;
//继续头插
de->next = d->ht[1].table[h];
d->ht[1].table[h] = de;
d->ht[0].used--;
d->ht[1].used++;
de = nextde;
}
//老table的index设置为null
d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] = NULL;
d->rehashidx++;
}
/* Check if we already rehashed the whole table... */
//发现ht[0]元素已经全部迁移走了，交换ht的table，rehash结束
if (d->ht[0].used == 0) {
// redis这些命令都是单线程，不用加锁
zfree(d->ht[0].table);
d->ht[0] = d->ht[1];
_dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
d->rehashidx = -1;
return 0;
}
/* More to rehash... */
return 1;
}根据key查找
//根据key找到对应的entry
dictEntry *dictFind(dict *d, const void *key)
{
dictEntry *he;
uint64_t h, idx, table;
//ht[0].used+ht[1].used
if (dictSize(d) == 0) return NULL; /* dict is empty */
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
h = dictHashKey(d, key);
//reshash的时候直接去两个表找
for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
while(he) {
if (key==he->key || dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key))
return he;
he = he->next;
}
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return NULL;
}
return NULL;
}根据key删除
/* Search and remove an element. This is an helper function for
* dictDelete() and dictUnlink(), please check the top comment
* of those functions. */
//仅仅是修改指针指向以及释放key对应的entry
static dictEntry *dictGenericDelete(dict *d, const void *key, int nofree) {
uint64_t h, idx;
dictEntry *he, *prevHe;
int table;
if (d->ht[0].used == 0 && d->ht[1].used == 0) return NULL;
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
h = dictHashKey(d, key);
//rehash的时候去两个表删除
for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
prevHe = NULL;
while(he) {
if (key==he->key || dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key)) {
/* Unlink the element from the list */
if (prevHe)
prevHe->next = he->next;
else
d->ht[table].table[idx] = he->next;
if (!nofree) {
dictFreeKey(d, he);
dictFreeVal(d, he);
zfree(he);
}
d->ht[table].used--;
return he;
}
prevHe = he;
he = he->next;
}
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
}
return NULL; /* not found */
}遍历操作
有空再安排，太多了
其余api
ziplist
见ziplist.c,ziplist.h
为什么要有这个结构
节省内存，时间换空间
数据节点数据结构（不是真实存储结构，用于可视化使用的结构）
/* We use this function to receive information about a ziplist entry.
* Note that this is not how the data is actually encoded, is just what we
* get filled by a function in order to operate more easily. */
//该对象是用于将紧凑编码的ziplist中的元素相关属性解码成偏于使用的对象。
typedef struct zlentry {
//prelength字段的长度
unsigned int prevrawlensize; /* Bytes used to encode the previous entry len*/
//prelength字段值
unsigned int prevrawlen; /* Previous entry len. */
//encoding字段的长度
unsigned int lensize; /* Bytes used to encode this entry type/len.
For example strings have a 1, 2 or 5 bytes
//encoding字段中所标识的后面content大小 header. Integers always use a single byte.*/
unsigned int len; /* Bytes used to represent the actual entry.
For strings this is just the string length
while for integers it is 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 or
0 (for 4 bit immediate) depending on the
number range. */
//元素的prelength+encodinglength
unsigned int headersize; /* prevrawlensize + lensize. */
//encoding字段中所标识的后面content的数据类型
unsigned char encoding; /* Set to ZIP_STR_* or ZIP_INT_* depending on
the entry encoding. However for 4 bits
immediate integers this can assume a range
of values and must be range-checked. */
//元素的内存起始位置
unsigned char *p; /* Pointer to the very start of the entry, that
is, this points to prev-entry-len field. */
} zlentry;压缩列表仅仅是为了节省空间想出的编码结构而已，和协议类似，无需太多关心
新建ziplist
/* Create a new empty ziplist. */
unsigned char *ziplistNew(void) {
/* 首先定义ziplist的首尾
首：two 32 bit integers for the total bytes count
and last item offset. One 16 bit integer for the number of items field.
尾：Size of the "end of ziplist" entry. Just one byte
*/
unsigned int bytes = ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE+ZIPLIST_END_SIZE;
unsigned char *zl = zmalloc(bytes);
//设置总大小
ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl) = intrev32ifbe(bytes);
//设置尾部偏移
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_HEADER_SIZE);
//设置总元素个数
ZIPLIST_LENGTH(zl) = 0;
//尾部定死是255
zl[bytes-1] = ZIP_END;
return zl;
}插入节点
/* Insert item at "p". */
unsigned char *__ziplistInsert(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p, unsigned char *s, unsigned int slen) {
size_t curlen = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl)), reqlen, newlen;
unsigned int prevlensize, prevlen = 0;
size_t offset;
int nextdiff = 0;
unsigned char encoding = 0;
long long value = 123456789; /* initialized to avoid warning. Using a value
that is easy to see if for some reason
we use it uninitialized. */
zlentry tail;
/* Find out prevlen for the entry that is inserted. */
//判断是否是在尾部位置插入
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
//如果不是就直接把待插入元素的下一个元素的prelength相关信息拿过来
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLEN(p, prevlensize, prevlen);
} else {
//尾部插入
unsigned char *ptail = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl);
//如果此时最后一个元素的偏移是结束标志（255）
//也就意味着此时ziplist一个元素都没有
if (ptail[0] != ZIP_END) {
//如果有元素
//将待插入位置的前一个元素解码成zlentry对象偏于使用,并且返回其总大小
prevlen = zipRawEntryLengthSafe(zl, curlen, ptail);
}
}
/* See if the entry can be encoded */
//判断内容值需要用几个字节来存
//首先判断是不是内容全是整数
if (zipTryEncoding(s,slen,&value,&encoding)) {
/* 'encoding' is set to the appropriate integer encoding */
reqlen = zipIntSize(encoding);
} else {
//不是整数就按照字节数组来存
/* 'encoding' is untouched, however zipStoreEntryEncoding will use the
* string length to figure out how to encode it. */
reqlen = slen;
}
/* We need space for both the length of the previous entry and
* the length of the payload. */
//内容所需字节大小+prevlen所需字节大小
reqlen += zipStorePrevEntryLength(NULL,prevlen);
//再加上encoding字段所需字节大小，其中整数为固定1字节。
reqlen += zipStoreEntryEncoding(NULL,encoding,slen);
/* When the insert position is not equal to the tail, we need to
* make sure that the next entry can hold this entry's length in
* its prevlen field. */
int forcelarge = 0;
nextdiff = (p[0] != ZIP_END) ? zipPrevLenByteDiff(p,reqlen) : 0;
//只有连续更新才会有这种情况出现
if (nextdiff == -4 && reqlen < 4) {
nextdiff = 0;
forcelarge = 1;
}
/* Store offset because a realloc may change the address of zl. */
//记录待插入节点的偏移量
offset = p-zl;
newlen = curlen+reqlen+nextdiff;
//扩容
zl = ziplistResize(zl,newlen);
p = zl+offset;
/* Apply memory move when necessary and update tail offset. */
//如果插入位置不是尾部
if (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
/* Subtract one because of the ZIP_END bytes */
//把p指针的数据总体向后复制腾出空间给插入节点
//nextdiff是用作扩容用的。
memmove(p+reqlen,p-nextdiff,curlen-offset-1+nextdiff);
/* Encode this entry's raw length in the next entry. */
if (forcelarge)
zipStorePrevEntryLengthLarge(p+reqlen,reqlen);
else
//修改插入节点后续节点的prelength
zipStorePrevEntryLength(p+reqlen,reqlen);
/* Update offset for tail */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+reqlen);
/* When the tail contains more than one entry, we need to take
* "nextdiff" in account as well. Otherwise, a change in the
* size of prevlen doesn't have an effect on the *tail* offset. */
assert(zipEntrySafe(zl, newlen, p+reqlen, &tail, 1));
if (p[reqlen+tail.headersize+tail.len] != ZIP_END) {
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+nextdiff);
}
} else {
/* This element will be the new tail. */
//如果是插入尾部就将ziplist的tail_offset指向当前插入节点
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) = intrev32ifbe(p-zl);
}
/* When nextdiff != 0, the raw length of the next entry has changed, so
* we need to cascade the update throughout the ziplist */
//由于后续节点的大小prelength有变化，导致后续节点的总体大小有变化所以需要判断连续更新后续节点的prelength是否需要变化
if (nextdiff != 0) {
offset = p-zl;
zl = __ziplistCascadeUpdate(zl,p+reqlen);
p = zl+offset;
}
/* Write the entry */
p += zipStorePrevEntryLength(p,prevlen);
p += zipStoreEntryEncoding(p,encoding,slen);
if (ZIP_IS_STR(encoding)) {
memcpy(p,s,slen);
} else {
zipSaveInteger(p,value,encoding);
}
ZIPLIST_INCR_LENGTH(zl,1);
return zl;
}如果大小所需字节变更了需要连续更新后续节点的prelength值，如下所示
unsigned char *__ziplistCascadeUpdate(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
zlentry cur;
size_t prevlen, prevlensize, prevoffset; /* Informat of the last changed entry. */
size_t firstentrylen; /* Used to handle insert at head. */
size_t rawlen, curlen = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl));
size_t extra = 0, cnt = 0, offset;
size_t delta = 4; /* Extra bytes needed to update a entry's prevlen (5-1). */
//指向最后一个节点
unsigned char *tail = zl + intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl));
/* Empty ziplist */
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) return zl;
//解析插入节点的后一节点成zlEntry结构
zipEntry(p, &cur); /* no need for "safe" variant since the input pointer was validated by the function that returned it. */
firstentrylen = prevlen = cur.headersize + cur.len;
//获取其总长度应该使用多少字节用于编码再下一prelength字段
prevlensize = zipStorePrevEntryLength(NULL, prevlen);
prevoffset = p - zl;
//进入再下一节点
p += prevlen;
/* Iterate ziplist to find out how many extra bytes do we need to update it. */
//极端情况会出现连续更新问题，就是后续节点都膨胀4字节
while (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
//将p指针指向的数据继续解码成zlEntry对象
assert(zipEntrySafe(zl, curlen, p, &cur, 0));
/* Abort when "prevlen" has not changed. */
//没有变化，爽了，直接起飞
if (cur.prevrawlen == prevlen) break;
/* Abort when entry's "prevlensize" is big enough. */
if (cur.prevrawlensize >= prevlensize) {
if (cur.prevrawlensize == prevlensize) {
//可以用和之前相同大小的字节数表示prelength，那就只用更新prelength值即可
zipStorePrevEntryLength(p, prevlen);
} else {
//如果以前所用的字节数大于当前应该所用字节数，比如以前用5字节，现在只需要用一字节，那么就不收缩了
//继续用5字节表示1字节可以表示的数字
/* This would result in shrinking, which we want to avoid.
* So, set "prevlen" in the available bytes. */
zipStorePrevEntryLengthLarge(p, prevlen);
}
break;
}
/* cur.prevrawlen means cur is the former head entry. */
assert(cur.prevrawlen == 0 || cur.prevrawlen + delta == prevlen);
/* Update prev entry's info and advance the cursor. */
rawlen = cur.headersize + cur.len;
//表示当前需要用5字节才能表示prelength，当前节点要扩容4字节
prevlen = rawlen + delta;
prevlensize = zipStorePrevEntryLength(NULL, prevlen);
prevoffset = p - zl;
p += rawlen;
extra += delta;
cnt++;
}
/* Extra bytes is zero all update has been done(or no need to update). */
if (extra == 0) return zl;
/* Update tail offset after loop. */
//说明循环到了最后一个元素
if (tail == zl + prevoffset) {
/* When the the last entry we need to update is also the tail, update tail offset
* unless this is the only entry that was updated (so the tail offset didn't change). */
if (extra - delta != 0) {
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+extra-delta);
}
} else {
/* Update the tail offset in cases where the last entry we updated is not the tail. */
ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl) =
intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_TAIL_OFFSET(zl))+extra);
}
/* Now "p" points at the first unchanged byte in original ziplist,
* move data after that to new ziplist. */
offset = p - zl;
zl = ziplistResize(zl, curlen + extra);
p = zl + offset;
//将不需要变的值向后复制移动
memmove(p + extra, p, curlen - offset - 1);
p += extra;
/* Iterate all entries that need to be updated tail to head. */
//从需要变更的第一个节点开始从后往前变更
while (cnt) {
zipEntry(zl + prevoffset, &cur); /* no need for "safe" variant since we already iterated on all these entries above. */
rawlen = cur.headersize + cur.len;
/* Move entry to tail and reset prevlen. */
memmove(p - (rawlen - cur.prevrawlensize),
zl + prevoffset + cur.prevrawlensize,
rawlen - cur.prevrawlensize);
p -= (rawlen + delta);
if (cur.prevrawlen == 0) {
/* "cur" is the previous head entry, update its prevlen with firstentrylen. */
zipStorePrevEntryLength(p, firstentrylen);
} else {
/* An entry's prevlen can only increment 4 bytes. */
zipStorePrevEntryLength(p, cur.prevrawlen+delta);
}
/* Foward to previous entry. */
prevoffset -= cur.prevrawlen;
cnt--;
}
return zl;
}遍历ziplist
从前向后遍历：
/* Return pointer to next entry in ziplist.
*
* zl is the pointer to the ziplist
* p is the pointer to the current element
*
* The element after 'p' is returned, otherwise NULL if we are at the end. */
unsigned char *ziplistNext(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
((void) zl);
size_t zlbytes = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl));
/* "p" could be equal to ZIP_END, caused by ziplistDelete,
* and we should return NULL. Otherwise, we should return NULL
* when the *next* element is ZIP_END (there is no next entry). */
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
return NULL;
}
//计算出p所指向节点的总字节大小，然后指针+该大小获取下一节点
p += zipRawEntryLength(p);
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
return NULL;
}
//仅仅是判断下一节点是否是有效而已
zipAssertValidEntry(zl, zlbytes, p);
return p;
}从后往前遍历
/* Return pointer to previous entry in ziplist. */
unsigned char *ziplistPrev(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p) {
unsigned int prevlensize, prevlen = 0;
/* Iterating backwards from ZIP_END should return the tail. When "p" is
* equal to the first element of the list, we're already at the head,
* and should return NULL. */
if (p[0] == ZIP_END) {
p = ZIPLIST_ENTRY_TAIL(zl);
return (p[0] == ZIP_END) ? NULL : p;
} else if (p == ZIPLIST_ENTRY_HEAD(zl)) {
//如果是第一个节点，前面节点也为空
return NULL;
} else {
//获取前一节点的大小，直接相减就得到前一节点了
ZIP_DECODE_PREVLEN(p, prevlensize, prevlen);
assert(prevlen > 0);
p-=prevlen;
size_t zlbytes = intrev32ifbe(ZIPLIST_BYTES(zl));
zipAssertValidEntry(zl, zlbytes, p);
return p;
}
}根据值查找节点
/* Find pointer to the entry equal to the specified entry. Skip 'skip' entries
* between every comparison. Returns NULL when the field could not be found. */
unsigned char *ziplistFind(unsigned char *zl, unsigned char *p, unsigned char *vstr, unsigned int vlen, unsigned int skip) {
int skipcnt = 0;
unsigned char vencoding = 0;
long long vll = 0;
size_t zlbytes = ziplistBlobLen(zl);
while (p[0] != ZIP_END) {
struct zlentry e;
unsigned char *q;
assert(zipEntrySafe(zl, zlbytes, p, &e, 1));
//指向节点所存储的数据
q = p + e.prevrawlensize + e.lensize;
if (skipcnt == 0) {
/* Compare current entry with specified entry */
//是字符串就直接调用字符数组匹配
if (ZIP_IS_STR(e.encoding)) {
if (e.len == vlen && memcmp(q, vstr, vlen) == 0) {
return p;
}
} else {
/* Find out if the searched field can be encoded. Note that
* we do it only the first time, once done vencoding is set
* to non-zero and vll is set to the integer value. */
if (vencoding == 0) {
if (!zipTryEncoding(vstr, vlen, &vll, &vencoding)) {
/* If the entry can't be encoded we set it to
* UCHAR_MAX so that we don't retry again the next
* time. */
vencoding = UCHAR_MAX;
}
/* Must be non-zero by now */
assert(vencoding);
}
/* Compare current entry with specified entry, do it only
* if vencoding != UCHAR_MAX because if there is no encoding
* possible for the field it can't be a valid integer. */
if (vencoding != UCHAR_MAX) {
long long ll = zipLoadInteger(q, e.encoding);
if (ll == vll) {
return p;
}
}
}
/* Reset skip count */
skipcnt = skip;
} else {
/* Skip entry */
skipcnt--;
}
/* Move to next entry */
p = q + e.len;
}
return NULL;
}其余api
quickList
见quicklist.c,quicklist.h
为什么要有这个结构
quicklist结合了链表和ziplist二者，通过限制每一个ziplist最大字节的方式，减少出现ziplist过大，执行效率低以及连续更新问题。
数据结构
插入元素到链表尾部（插入到头部基本类似）
/* Add new entry to tail node of quicklist.
*
* Returns 0 if used existing tail.
* Returns 1 if new tail created. */
int quicklistPushTail(quicklist *quicklist, void *value, size_t sz) {
quicklistNode *orig_tail = quicklist->tail;
assert(sz < UINT32_MAX); /* TODO: add support for quicklist nodes that are sds encoded (not zipped) */
if (likely(//计算尾部的quicklistNode的ziplist的总bytes+当前value的bytes是否没有超过8kB以及尾节点不为空
_quicklistNodeAllowInsert(quicklist->tail, quicklist->fill, sz))) {
quicklist->tail->zl =
ziplistPush(quicklist->tail->zl, value, sz, ZIPLIST_TAIL);
quicklistNodeUpdateSz(quicklist->tail);
} else {
quicklistNode *node = quicklistCreateNode();
//调用zipList的api在其尾部插入元素
node->zl = ziplistPush(ziplistNew(), value, sz, ZIPLIST_TAIL);
//设置ziplist的总大小
quicklistNodeUpdateSz(node);
//将新添加的quicklistNode放在quicklist的尾部
_quicklistInsertNodeAfter(quicklist, quicklist->tail, node);
}
quicklist->count++;
quicklist->tail->count++;
return (orig_tail != quicklist->tail);
}根据下标查找元素
/* Populate 'entry' with the element at the specified zero-based index
* where 0 is the head, 1 is the element next to head
* and so on. Negative integers are used in order to count
* from the tail, -1 is the last element, -2 the penultimate
* and so on. If the index is out of range 0 is returned.
*
* Returns 1 if element found
* Returns 0 if element not found */
//根据idx的值，找出quicklist中对应的第idx元素的数据并存放到quicklistEntry中
int quicklistIndex(const quicklist *quicklist, const long long idx,
quicklistEntry *entry) {
quicklistNode *n;
unsigned long long accum = 0;
unsigned long long index;
int forward = idx < 0 ? 0 : 1; /* < 0 -> reverse, 0+ -> forward */
initEntry(entry);
entry->quicklist = quicklist;
if (!forward) {
index = (-idx) - 1;
n = quicklist->tail;
} else {
index = idx;
n = quicklist->head;
}
if (index >= quicklist->count)
return 0;
while (likely(n)) {
if ((accum + n->count) > index) {
break;
} else {
D("Skipping over (%p) %u at accum %lld", (void *)n, n->count,
accum);
accum += n->count;
n = forward ? n->next : n->prev;
}
}
if (!n)
return 0;
D("Found node: %p at accum %llu, idx %llu, sub+ %llu, sub- %llu", (void *)n,
accum, index, index - accum, (-index) - 1 + accum);
entry->node = n;
if (forward) {
/* forward = normal head-to-tail offset. */
//算出index在这个ziplist中的offset
entry->offset = index - accum;
} else {
/* reverse = need negative offset for tail-to-head, so undo
* the result of the original if (index < 0) above. */
entry->offset = (-index) - 1 + accum;
}
quicklistDecompressNodeForUse(entry->node);
//找到对应ziplist中的第offset个元素
entry->zi = ziplistIndex(entry->node->zl, entry->offset);
if (!ziplistGet(entry->zi, &entry->value, &entry->sz, &entry->longval))
assert(0); /* This can happen on corrupt ziplist with fake entry count. */
/* The caller will use our result, so we don't re-compress here.
* The caller can recompress or delete the node as needed. */
return 1;
}将查找的元素信息保存到如下结构
//这是抽象出来的一个数据结构，也是便于使用
typedef struct quicklistEntry {
//指向原始quicklist
const quicklist *quicklist;
//指向数据所在的node
quicklistNode *node;
//指向对应的ziplist中entry的起始位置
unsigned char *zi;
//指向对应的ziplist中entry的content的起始位置
unsigned char *value;
//如果ziplist中entry的content是数字。就保存在这里面
long long longval;
//对应的ziplist中entry的content的大小
unsigned int sz;
//指向的entry在ziplist中的位置，第几个
int offset;
} quicklistEntry;根据下标删除元素
/* Delete a range of elements from the quicklist.
*
* elements may span across multiple quicklistNodes, so we
* have to be careful about tracking where we start and end.
*
* Returns 1 if entries were deleted, 0 if nothing was deleted. */
int quicklistDelRange(quicklist *quicklist, const long start,
const long count) {
if (count <= 0)
return 0;
unsigned long extent = count; /* range is inclusive of start position */
if (start >= 0 && extent > (quicklist->count - start)) {
/* if requesting delete more elements than exist, limit to list size. */
extent = quicklist->count - start;
} else if (start < 0 && extent > (unsigned long)(-start)) {
/* else, if at negative offset, limit max size to rest of list. */
extent = -start; /* c.f. LREM -29 29; just delete until end. */
}
quicklistEntry entry;
//找到start下标对应的quicklistNode数据
if (!quicklistIndex(quicklist, start, &entry))
return 0;
D("Quicklist delete request for start %ld, count %ld, extent: %ld", start,
count, extent);
quicklistNode *node = entry.node;
/* iterate over next nodes until everything is deleted. */
//从找到的起始位置开始删除，直到删除元素个数等于extent为止
while (extent) {
//start位置所在的quicklistNode不够删，就继续迭代下一节点
quicklistNode *next = node->next;
unsigned long del;
int delete_entire_node = 0;
//如果发现待删除的start等于ziplist起始位置和要删除的count>ziplist的元素个数，直接删除整个quicklistNode
if (entry.offset == 0 && extent >= node->count) {
/* If we are deleting more than the count of this node, we
* can just delete the entire node without ziplist math. */
delete_entire_node = 1;
del = node->count;
} else if (entry.offset >= 0 && extent + entry.offset >= node->count) {
/* If deleting more nodes after this one, calculate delete based
* on size of current node. */
del = node->count - entry.offset;
} else if (entry.offset < 0) {
/* If offset is negative, we are in the first run of this loop
* and we are deleting the entire range
* from this start offset to end of list. Since the Negative
* offset is the number of elements until the tail of the list,
* just use it directly as the deletion count. */
del = -entry.offset;
/* If the positive offset is greater than the remaining extent,
* we only delete the remaining extent, not the entire offset.
*/
if (del > extent)
del = extent;
} else {
/* else, we are deleting less than the extent of this node, so
* use extent directly. */
del = extent;
}
D("[%ld]: asking to del: %ld because offset: %d; (ENTIRE NODE: %d), "
"node count: %u",
extent, del, entry.offset, delete_entire_node, node->count);
//如果是删除整个node
if (delete_entire_node) {
__quicklistDelNode(quicklist, node);
} else {
quicklistDecompressNodeForUse(node);
//直接删除ziplist中的数据
node->zl = ziplistDeleteRange(node->zl, entry.offset, del);
quicklistNodeUpdateSz(node);
node->count -= del;
quicklist->count -= del;
quicklistDeleteIfEmpty(quicklist, node);
if (node)
quicklistRecompressOnly(quicklist, node);
}
extent -= del;
node = next;
entry.offset = 0;
}
return 1;
}修改元素
/* Replace quicklist entry at offset 'index' by 'data' with length 'sz'.
*
* Returns 1 if replace happened.
* Returns 0 if replace failed and no changes happened. */
int quicklistReplaceAtIndex(quicklist *quicklist, long index, void *data,
int sz) {
quicklistEntry entry;
//找到下标对应的ziplist的元素起始位置
if (likely(quicklistIndex(quicklist, index, &entry))) {
/* quicklistIndex provides an uncompressed node */
//如果value和原先entry所用字节一样直接覆盖，否则先删除再插入
entry.node->zl = ziplistReplace(entry.node->zl, entry.zi, data, sz);
quicklistNodeUpdateSz(entry.node);
quicklistCompress(quicklist, entry.node);
return 1;
} else {
return 0;
}
}其余api
listpack
见listpack.c
为什么要有这个结构
ziplist有连续更新的问题，listpack不需要保存上一个数据节点的大小，直接杜绝了连续更新问题
数据结构
LP_HDR_SIZE为6
其中数字encoding和数据为以下编码标识+存储数字结构：
字符串encoding为编码标识+字符串长度+字符串数据
entry-len字段保存的是前面encoding+数据所占用的字节数，用于从后向前遍历，其结构为
插入数据
/* Insert, delete or replace the specified element 'ele' of length 'len' at
* the specified position 'p', with 'p' being a listpack element pointer
* obtained with lpFirst(), lpLast(), lpNext(), lpPrev() or lpSeek().
*
* The element is inserted before, after, or replaces the element pointed
* by 'p' depending on the 'where' argument, that can be LP_BEFORE, LP_AFTER
* or LP_REPLACE.
*
* If 'ele' is set to NULL, the function removes the element pointed by 'p'
* instead of inserting one.
*
* Returns NULL on out of memory or when the listpack total length would exceed
* the max allowed size of 2^32-1, otherwise the new pointer to the listpack
* holding the new element is returned (and the old pointer passed is no longer
* considered valid)
*
* If 'newp' is not NULL, at the end of a successful call '*newp' will be set
* to the address of the element just added, so that it will be possible to
* continue an interation with lpNext() and lpPrev().
*
* For deletion operations ('ele' set to NULL) 'newp' is set to the next
* element, on the right of the deleted one, or to NULL if the deleted element
* was the last one. */
unsigned char *lpInsert(unsigned char *lp, unsigned char *ele, uint32_t size, unsigned char *p, int where, unsigned char **newp) {
unsigned char intenc[LP_MAX_INT_ENCODING_LEN];
unsigned char backlen[LP_MAX_BACKLEN_SIZE];
uint64_t enclen; /* The length of the encoded element. */
/* An element pointer set to NULL means deletion, which is conceptually
* replacing the element with a zero-length element. So whatever we
* get passed as 'where', set it to LP_REPLACE. */
if (ele == NULL) where = LP_REPLACE;
/* If we need to insert after the current element, we just jump to the
* next element (that could be the EOF one) and handle the case of
* inserting before. So the function will actually deal with just two
* cases: LP_BEFORE and LP_REPLACE. */
if (where == LP_AFTER) {
p = lpSkip(p);
where = LP_BEFORE;
ASSERT_INTEGRITY(lp, p);
}
/* Store the offset of the element 'p', so that we can obtain its
* address again after a reallocation. */
unsigned long poff = p-lp;
/* Calling lpEncodeGetType() results into the encoded version of the
* element to be stored into 'intenc' in case it is representable as
* an integer: in that case, the function returns LP_ENCODING_INT.
* Otherwise if LP_ENCODING_STR is returned, we'll have to call
* lpEncodeString() to actually write the encoded string on place later.
*
* Whatever the returned encoding is, 'enclen' is populated with the
* length of the encoded element. */
int enctype;
if (ele) {
enctype = lpEncodeGetType(ele,size,intenc,&enclen);
} else {
enctype = -1;
enclen = 0;
}
/* We need to also encode the backward-parsable length of the element
* and append it to the end: this allows to traverse the listpack from
* the end to the start. */
//保存编码和数据所占用字节数
unsigned long backlen_size = ele ? lpEncodeBacklen(backlen,enclen) : 0;
uint64_t old_listpack_bytes = lpGetTotalBytes(lp);
uint32_t replaced_len = 0;
if (where == LP_REPLACE) {
replaced_len = lpCurrentEncodedSizeUnsafe(p);
replaced_len += lpEncodeBacklen(NULL,replaced_len);
ASSERT_INTEGRITY_LEN(lp, p, replaced_len);
}
uint64_t new_listpack_bytes = old_listpack_bytes + enclen + backlen_size
- replaced_len;
if (new_listpack_bytes > UINT32_MAX) return NULL;
/* We now need to reallocate in order to make space or shrink the
* allocation (in case 'when' value is LP_REPLACE and the new element is
* smaller). However we do that before memmoving the memory to
* make room for the new element if the final allocation will get
* larger, or we do it after if the final allocation will get smaller. */
unsigned char *dst = lp + poff; /* May be updated after reallocation. */
/* Realloc before: we need more room. */
if (new_listpack_bytes > old_listpack_bytes &&
new_listpack_bytes > lp_malloc_size(lp)) {
if ((lp = lp_realloc(lp,new_listpack_bytes)) == NULL) return NULL;
dst = lp + poff;
}
/* Setup the listpack relocating the elements to make the exact room
* we need to store the new one. */
if (where == LP_BEFORE) {
memmove(dst+enclen+backlen_size,dst,old_listpack_bytes-poff);
} else { /* LP_REPLACE. */
long lendiff = (enclen+backlen_size)-replaced_len;
memmove(dst+replaced_len+lendiff,
dst+replaced_len,
old_listpack_bytes-poff-replaced_len);
}
/* Realloc after: we need to free space. */
if (new_listpack_bytes < old_listpack_bytes) {
if ((lp = lp_realloc(lp,new_listpack_bytes)) == NULL) return NULL;
dst = lp + poff;
}
/* Store the entry. */
if (newp) {
*newp = dst;
/* In case of deletion, set 'newp' to NULL if the next element is
* the EOF element. */
if (!ele && dst[0] == LP_EOF) *newp = NULL;
}
if (ele) {
if (enctype == LP_ENCODING_INT) {
memcpy(dst,intenc,enclen);
} else {
lpEncodeString(dst,ele,size);
}
dst += enclen;
memcpy(dst,backlen,backlen_size);
dst += backlen_size;
}
/* Update header. */
if (where != LP_REPLACE || ele == NULL) {
uint32_t num_elements = lpGetNumElements(lp);
if (num_elements != LP_HDR_NUMELE_UNKNOWN) {
if (ele)
lpSetNumElements(lp,num_elements+1);
else
lpSetNumElements(lp,num_elements-1);
}
}
lpSetTotalBytes(lp,new_listpack_bytes);
#if 0
/* This code path is normally disabled: what it does is to force listpack
* to return *always* a new pointer after performing some modification to
* the listpack, even if the previous allocation was enough. This is useful
* in order to spot bugs in code using listpacks: by doing so we can find
* if the caller forgets to set the new pointer where the listpack reference
* is stored, after an update. */
unsigned char *oldlp = lp;
lp = lp_malloc(new_listpack_bytes);
memcpy(lp,oldlp,new_listpack_bytes);
if (newp) {
unsigned long offset = (*newp)-oldlp;
*newp = lp + offset;
}
/* Make sure the old allocation contains garbage. */
memset(oldlp,'A',new_listpack_bytes);
lp_free(oldlp);
#endif
return lp;
}根据index查找数据
/* Seek the specified element and returns the pointer to the seeked element.
* Positive indexes specify the zero-based element to seek from the head to
* the tail, negative indexes specify elements starting from the tail, where
* -1 means the last element, -2 the penultimate and so forth. If the index
* is out of range, NULL is returned. */
unsigned char *lpSeek(unsigned char *lp, long index) {
int forward = 1; /* Seek forward by default. */
/* We want to seek from left to right or the other way around
* depending on the listpack length and the element position.
* However if the listpack length cannot be obtained in constant time,
* we always seek from left to right. */
uint32_t numele = lpGetNumElements(lp);
if (numele != LP_HDR_NUMELE_UNKNOWN) {
if (index < 0) index = (long)numele+index;
if (index < 0) return NULL; /* Index still < 0 means out of range. */
if (index >= (long)numele) return NULL; /* Out of range the other side. */
/* We want to scan right-to-left if the element we are looking for
* is past the half of the listpack. */
if (index > (long)numele/2) {
forward = 0;
/* Right to left scanning always expects a negative index. Convert
* our index to negative form. */
index -= numele;
}
} else {
/* If the listpack length is unspecified, for negative indexes we
* want to always scan right-to-left. */
if (index < 0) forward = 0;
}
/* Forward and backward scanning is trivially based on lpNext()/lpPrev(). */
//从左到右遍历
if (forward) {
unsigned char *ele = lpFirst(lp);
while (index > 0 && ele) {
ele = lpNext(lp,ele);
index--;
}
return ele;
} else {
//从右到左遍历
unsigned char *ele = lpLast(lp);
while (index < -1 && ele) {
ele = lpPrev(lp,ele);
index++;
}
return ele;
}
}从前往后遍历
先跳过头部
/* Return a pointer to the first element of the listpack, or NULL if the
* listpack has no elements. */
unsigned char *lpFirst(unsigned char *lp) {
unsigned char *p = lp + LP_HDR_SIZE; /* Skip the header. */
if (p[0] == LP_EOF) return NULL;
lpAssertValidEntry(lp, lpBytes(lp), p);
return p;
}/* If 'p' points to an element of the listpack, calling lpNext() will return
* the pointer to the next element (the one on the right), or NULL if 'p'
* already pointed to the last element of the listpack. */
unsigned char *lpNext(unsigned char *lp, unsigned char *p) {
assert(p);
//先根据第一个字节标识是哪种编码类型，这个就知道了编码和数据的组成结构，然后
//解析改种编码应该占用多少字节，字符串编码中就包含了数据长度
//根据编码+数据长度就可以算出backlen长度，这样就完整跳过了一个entry
p = lpSkip(p);
if (p[0] == LP_EOF) return NULL;
lpAssertValidEntry(lp, lpBytes(lp), p);
return p;
}从后向前遍历
/* Return a pointer to the last element of the listpack, or NULL if the
* listpack has no elements. */
unsigned char *lpLast(unsigned char *lp) {
unsigned char *p = lp+lpGetTotalBytes(lp)-1; /* Seek EOF element. */
return lpPrev(lp,p); /* Will return NULL if EOF is the only element. */
}/* If 'p' points to an element of the listpack, calling lpPrev() will return
* the pointer to the previous element (the one on the left), or NULL if 'p'
* already pointed to the first element of the listpack. */
unsigned char *lpPrev(unsigned char *lp, unsigned char *p) {
assert(p);
if (p-lp == LP_HDR_SIZE) return NULL;
p--; /* Seek the first backlen byte of the last element. */
//拿到保存的编码加字段长度
uint64_t prevlen = lpDecodeBacklen(p);
prevlen += lpEncodeBacklen(NULL,prevlen);
p -= prevlen-1; /* Seek the first byte of the previous entry. */
lpAssertValidEntry(lp, lpBytes(lp), p);
return p;
}
/* Decode the backlen and returns it. If the encoding looks invalid (more than
* 5 bytes are used), UINT64_MAX is returned to report the problem. */
uint64_t lpDecodeBacklen(unsigned char *p) {
uint64_t val = 0;
uint64_t shift = 0;
do {
val |= (uint64_t)(p[0] & 127) << shift;
//最高位为1就说明backlen字段已经读取完毕
if (!(p[0] & 128)) break;
shift += 7;
p--;
if (shift > 28) return UINT64_MAX;
} while(1);
return val;
}
intset(整数集合)
见intset.h,intset.c
数据结构
typedef struct intset {
//数字类型（用多少个字节表示一个数字）
uint32_t encoding;
//存储的数字个数
uint32_t length;
//存储数字的数组
int8_t contents[];
} intset;插入元素
/* Insert an integer in the intset */
intset *intsetAdd(intset *is, int64_t value, uint8_t *success) {
//根据value值算出需要表示value所需要的字节数
uint8_t valenc = _intsetValueEncoding(value);
uint32_t pos;
if (success) *success = 1;
/* Upgrade encoding if necessary. If we need to upgrade, we know that
* this value should be either appended (if > 0) or prepended (if < 0),
* because it lies outside the range of existing values. */
’//大于了当前数据结构的字节编码数，需要扩容
if (valenc > intrev32ifbe(is->encoding)) {
/* This always succeeds, so we don't need to curry *success. */
//扩容后再插入value，value不是最大就是最小
return intsetUpgradeAndAdd(is,value);
} else {
/* Abort if the value is already present in the set.
* This call will populate "pos" with the right position to insert
* the value when it cannot be found. */
//查找元素是否存在，存在返回1，不存在的话pos也被赋值为元素应该插入的位置
//intset数据是单调递增的
if (intsetSearch(is,value,&pos)) {
if (success) *success = 0;
return is;
}
//新增空间
is = intsetResize(is,intrev32ifbe(is->length)+1);
//如果不是尾部插入，就把pos后面的元素都想后挪动，此时pos是元素相对位置。
if (pos < intrev32ifbe(is->length)) intsetMoveTail(is,pos,pos+1);
}
_intsetSet(is,pos,value);
is->length = intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(is->length)+1);
return is;
}intset只支持扩容不支持缩容
查找元素
/* Search for the position of "value". Return 1 when the value was found and
* sets "pos" to the position of the value within the intset. Return 0 when
* the value is not present in the intset and sets "pos" to the position
* where "value" can be inserted. */
static uint8_t intsetSearch(intset *is, int64_t value, uint32_t *pos) {
int min = 0, max = intrev32ifbe(is->length)-1, mid = -1;
int64_t cur = -1;
/* The value can never be found when the set is empty */
if (intrev32ifbe(is->length) == 0) {
if (pos) *pos = 0;
return 0;
} else {
/* Check for the case where we know we cannot find the value,
* but do know the insert position. */
if (value > _intsetGet(is,max)) {
if (pos) *pos = intrev32ifbe(is->length);
return 0;
} else if (value < _intsetGet(is,0)) {
if (pos) *pos = 0;
return 0;
}
}
while(max >= min) {
mid = ((unsigned int)min + (unsigned int)max) >> 1;
cur = _intsetGet(is,mid);
if (value > cur) {
min = mid+1;
} else if (value < cur) {
max = mid-1;
} else {
break;
}
}
if (value == cur) {
if (pos) *pos = mid;
return 1;
} else {
if (pos) *pos = min;
return 0;
}
}由于intset是有序的，直接二分查找即可
删除元素
/* Delete integer from intset */
intset *intsetRemove(intset *is, int64_t value, int *success) {
uint8_t valenc = _intsetValueEncoding(value);
uint32_t pos;
if (success) *success = 0;
//如果元素在intset内，就找到对应的位置下标设置给pos
if (valenc <= intrev32ifbe(is->encoding) && intsetSearch(is,value,&pos)) {
uint32_t len = intrev32ifbe(is->length);
/* We know we can delete */
if (success) *success = 1;
//如果待删除元素在尾部，直接删除，否则将pos后面所有元素向前移动一位
/* Overwrite value with tail and update length */
if (pos < (len-1)) intsetMoveTail(is,pos+1,pos);
is = intsetResize(is,len-1);
is->length = intrev32ifbe(len-1);
}
return is;
}其余api
zskiplist
见server.h,zset..c
数据结构
typedef struct zskiplist {
//指向头尾节点的指针
struct zskiplistNode *header, *tail;
//元素个数
unsigned long length;
//元素最大层数
int level;
} zskiplist;/* ZSETs use a specialized version of Skiplists */
typedef struct zskiplistNode {
//key
sds ele;
//元素权重值
double score;
//向后的指针，是第一层的
struct zskiplistNode *backward;
struct zskiplistLevel {
//level[i]，指向第i层节点的指针
struct zskiplistNode *forward;
//与forward所指向的节点之间的level[0]元素间隔值
unsigned long span;
} level[];
} zskiplistNode;创建zskiplist
/* Create a new skiplist. */
zskiplist *zslCreate(void) {
int j;
zskiplist *zsl;
zsl = zmalloc(sizeof(*zsl));
//初始化层数为1
zsl->level = 1;
zsl->length = 0;
zsl->header = zslCreateNode(ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL,0,NULL);
//header的level字段拥有32层
for (j = 0; j < ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL; j++) {
zsl->header->level[j].forward = NULL;
zsl->header->level[j].span = 0;
}
zsl->header->backward = NULL;
zsl->tail = NULL;
return zsl;
}插入元素
核心图，除了头结点，每个节点的level[i]的forward指针只会指向level数组大小大于等于i的节点。
可以自己假设插入score为2.5，level为4的节点来理解。
/* Insert a new node in the skiplist. Assumes the element does not already
* exist (up to the caller to enforce that). The skiplist takes ownership
* of the passed SDS string 'ele'. */
zskiplistNode *zslInsert(zskiplist *zsl, double score, sds ele) {
//update数组是用来记录待插入zskiplistNode对应该层需要修改指针的前驱节点
zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
//rand数组是用来记录待插入zskiplistNode中level字段每层的span大小
unsigned int rank[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL];
int i, level;
serverAssert(!isnan(score));
x = zsl->header;
//header的level字段是32层大小
//为什么直接从最高层找
for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
/* store rank that is crossed to reach the insert position */
//循环第一次rank[i] = 0，最后rank[0]就是header到插入节点经过的span值
//rank[i]保存的就是该层待插入节点前驱节点到header的距离
rank[i] = i == (zsl->level-1) ? 0 : rank[i+1];
//while循环就是找该层小于score的最大节点
while (x->level[i].forward &&
(x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
(x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
sdscmp(x->level[i].forward->ele,ele) < 0)))
{
rank[i] += x->level[i].span;
x = x->level[i].forward;
}
//记录该i层需要修改指针的前驱节点
update[i] = x;
}
/* we assume the element is not already inside, since we allow duplicated
* scores, reinserting the same element should never happen since the
* caller of zslInsert() should test in the hash table if the element is
* already inside or not. */
//我们已经假设不会有重复value值了，因为这个跳表是zset特供，人家有dict字段用于判断
//获取随机层数
level = zslRandomLevel();
//如果新节点的level层数大于当前最大层数，该层第一次出现所以
//对应层数的前驱节点一定是头结点，并且插入节点对应层的前驱节点就是header，所以rand[i]值为0
if (level > zsl->level) {
for (i = zsl->level; i < level; i++) {
//span值0
rank[i] = 0;
//需要修改的是头节点
update[i] = zsl->header;
//头节点对新的level的span默认为元素个数总数，因为元素有可能插入到末尾，用于计算
update[i]->level[i].span = zsl->length;
}
zsl->level = level;
}
x = zslCreateNode(level,score,ele);
for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
//插入节点，修改指针
x->level[i].forward = update[i]->level[i].forward;
//前驱节点现在指向插入元素
update[i]->level[i].forward = x;
/* update span covered by update[i] as x is inserted here */
//rank[0]保存的值就是从头结点到待插入节点前驱节点的间隔
//如果i >= zsl->level,说明是新高度，所经历的节点数等于length - 从头结点到待插入节点经过的节点数
//rank[i]指的是插入元素的第i层的前驱节点到头结点的间隔
/**
x->level[i].span取值有如下可能：
1.就等于该层前驱节点的span，此时rank[0]等于rank[i]，有可能是因为是第0层，和下一个非空元素固定是1
*/
//这一块结合图片很好理解
x->level[i].span = update[i]->level[i].span - (rank[0] - rank[i]);
update[i]->level[i].span = (rank[0] - rank[i]) + 1;
}
/* increment span for untouched levels */
//如果新建节点的高度小于列表的最大高度，从level层开始，将前驱节点的span加1
for (i = level; i < zsl->level; i++) {
update[i]->level[i].span++;
}
x->backward = (update[0] == zsl->header) ? NULL : update[0];
//如果节点有后续节点，就将后续节点的前驱节点指向它
if (x->level[0].forward)
x->level[0].forward->backward = x;
else
//插入的是最后的节点，就将尾指针指向插入元素
zsl->tail = x;
zsl->length++;
return x;
}查找元素
/* Find the rank for an element by both score and key.
* Returns 0 when the element cannot be found, rank otherwise.
* Note that the rank is 1-based due to the span of zsl->header to the
* first element. */
//通过score和ele获取ele在skiplist中的位置
unsigned long zslGetRank(zskiplist *zsl, double score, sds ele) {
zskiplistNode *x;
unsigned long rank = 0;
int i;
x = zsl->header;
for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (x->level[i].forward &&
(x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
(x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
sdscmp(x->level[i].forward->ele,ele) <= 0))) {
rank += x->level[i].span;
x = x->level[i].forward;
}
/* x might be equal to zsl->header, so test if obj is non-NULL */
if (x->ele && sdscmp(x->ele,ele) == 0) {
return rank;
}
}
return 0;
}删除元素
/* Delete an element with matching score/element from the skiplist.
* The function returns 1 if the node was found and deleted, otherwise
* 0 is returned.
*
* If 'node' is NULL the deleted node is freed by zslFreeNode(), otherwise
* it is not freed (but just unlinked) and *node is set to the node pointer,
* so that it is possible for the caller to reuse the node (including the
* referenced SDS string at node->ele). */
//删除指定的分数和元素值
int zslDelete(zskiplist *zsl, double score, sds ele, zskiplistNode **node) {
zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
int i;
x = zsl->header;
//找到待删除元素在每层的前驱节点
for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (x->level[i].forward &&
(x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
(x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
sdscmp(x->level[i].forward->ele,ele) < 0)))
{
x = x->level[i].forward;
}
update[i] = x;
}
/* We may have multiple elements with the same score, what we need
* is to find the element with both the right score and object. */
//获取待删除节点
x = x->level[0].forward;
if (x && score == x->score && sdscmp(x->ele,ele) == 0) {
zslDeleteNode(zsl, x, update);
if (!node)
zslFreeNode(x);
else
*node = x;
return 1;
}
return 0; /* not found */
}其余api
rax
见rax.h，rax.c
为什么要有这个结构
key有重复的部分，特别是时间戳类数据，可以节省空间，前缀树的变体
数据结构
typedef struct rax {
//指向头结点
raxNode *head;
//key个数
uint64_t numele;
//节点个数
uint64_t numnodes;
} rax;typedef struct raxNode {
uint32_t iskey:1; /* Does this node contain a key? */
uint32_t isnull:1; /* Associated value is NULL (don't store it). */
//是否是压缩节点，就是只有一个子节点
uint32_t iscompr:1; /* Node is compressed. */
//如果是压缩节点，size就是压缩字符串大小，否则就是子节点数量，子节点的字符length是1
uint32_t size:29; /* Number of children, or compressed string len. */
/* Data layout is as follows:
*
* If node is not compressed we have 'size' bytes, one for each children
* character, and 'size' raxNode pointers, point to each child node.
* Note how the character is not stored in the children but in the
* edge of the parents:
*
* [header iscompr=0][abc][a-ptr][b-ptr][c-ptr](value-ptr?)
*
* if node is compressed (iscompr bit is 1) the node has 1 children.
* In that case the 'size' bytes of the string stored immediately at
* the start of the data section, represent a sequence of successive
* nodes linked one after the other, for which only the last one in
* the sequence is actually represented as a node, and pointed to by
* the current compressed node.
*
* [header iscompr=1][xyz][z-ptr](value-ptr?)
*
* Both compressed and not compressed nodes can represent a key
* with associated data in the radix tree at any level (not just terminal
* nodes).
*
* If the node has an associated key (iskey=1) and is not NULL
* (isnull=0), then after the raxNode pointers pointing to the
* children, an additional value pointer is present (as you can see
* in the representation above as "value-ptr" field).
*/
//无论是否是压缩节点，其起始都是包含key的string值
unsigned char data[];
} raxNode;核心概念：压缩节点的含义是其子节点是多个字节组成的节点
如图所示，t是压缩节点，其节点包括了子节点的数据“er”。上图是逻辑图
新建rax
/* Allocate a new rax and return its pointer. On out of memory the function
* returns NULL. */
rax *raxNew(void) {
rax *rax = rax_malloc(sizeof(*rax));
if (rax == NULL) return NULL;
rax->numele = 0;
rax->numnodes = 1;
rax->head = raxNewNode(0,0);
if (rax->head == NULL) {
rax_free(rax);
return NULL;
} else {
return rax;
}
}
查找key
/* Low level function that walks the tree looking for the string
* 's' of 'len' bytes. The function returns the number of characters
* of the key that was possible to process: if the returned integer
* is the same as 'len', then it means that the node corresponding to the
* string was found (however it may not be a key in case the node->iskey is
* zero or if simply we stopped in the middle of a compressed node, so that
* 'splitpos' is non zero).
*
* Otherwise if the returned integer is not the same as 'len', there was an
* early stop during the tree walk because of a character mismatch.
*
* The node where the search ended (because the full string was processed
* or because there was an early stop) is returned by reference as
* '*stopnode' if the passed pointer is not NULL. This node link in the
* parent's node is returned as '*plink' if not NULL. Finally, if the
* search stopped in a compressed node, '*splitpos' returns the index
* inside the compressed node where the search ended. This is useful to
* know where to split the node for insertion.
*
* Note that when we stop in the middle of a compressed node with
* a perfect match, this function will return a length equal to the
* 'len' argument (all the key matched), and will return a *splitpos which is
* always positive (that will represent the index of the character immediately
* *after* the last match in the current compressed node).
*
* When instead we stop at a compressed node and *splitpos is zero, it
* means that the current node represents the key (that is, none of the
* compressed node characters are needed to represent the key, just all
* its parents nodes). */
static inline size_t raxLowWalk(rax *rax, unsigned char *s, size_t len, raxNode **stopnode, raxNode ***plink, int *splitpos, raxStack *ts) {
raxNode *h = rax->head;
raxNode **parentlink = &rax->head;
size_t i = 0; /* Position in the string. */
size_t j = 0; /* Position in the node children (or bytes if compressed).*/
while(h->size && i < len) {
debugnode("Lookup current node",h);
unsigned char *v = h->data;
//如果是压缩节点
if (h->iscompr) {
for (j = 0; j < h->size && i < len; j++, i++) {
if (v[j] != s[i]) break;
}
//如果key有一个字符不匹配，直接跑路
if (j != h->size) break;
} else {
//不是压缩节点
/* Even when h->size is large, linear scan provides good
* performances compared to other approaches that are in theory
* more sounding, like performing a binary search. */
//从若干子节点中找到一个和当前字符匹配的值
for (j = 0; j < h->size; j++) {
if (v[j] == s[i]) break;
}
//没找到，直接退出
if (j == h->size) break;
i++;
}
if (ts) raxStackPush(ts,h); /* Save stack of parent nodes. */
raxNode **children = raxNodeFirstChildPtr(h);
//j是子节点指针中的第几个指针
if (h->iscompr) j = 0; /* Compressed node only child is at index 0. */
memcpy(&h,children+j,sizeof(h));
parentlink = children+j;
j = 0; /* If the new node is non compressed and we do not
iterate again (since i == len) set the split
position to 0 to signal this node represents
the searched key. */
}
debugnode("Lookup stop node is",h);
if (stopnode) *stopnode = h;
if (plink) *plink = parentlink;
//如果j不为0，说明在循环中自己跳出了，不满足条件
if (splitpos && h->iscompr) *splitpos = j;
return i;
}插入key
/* Insert the element 's' of size 'len', setting as auxiliary data
* the pointer 'data'. If the element is already present, the associated
* data is updated (only if 'overwrite' is set to 1), and 0 is returned,
* otherwise the element is inserted and 1 is returned. On out of memory the
* function returns 0 as well but sets errno to ENOMEM, otherwise errno will
* be set to 0.
*/
int raxGenericInsert(rax *rax, unsigned char *s, size_t len, void *data, void **old, int overwrite) {
size_t i;
int j = 0; /* Split position. If raxLowWalk() stops in a compressed
node, the index 'j' represents the char we stopped within the
compressed node, that is, the position where to split the
node for insertion. */
raxNode *h, **parentlink;
debugf("### Insert %.*s with value %p\n", (int)len, s, data);
i = raxLowWalk(rax,s,len,&h,&parentlink,&j,NULL);
/* If i == len we walked following the whole string. If we are not
* in the middle of a compressed node, the string is either already
* inserted or this middle node is currently not a key, but can represent
* our key. We have just to reallocate the node and make space for the
* data pointer. */
//如果rax中存在key，h就是查找到的节点
if (i == len && (!h->iscompr || j == 0 /* not in the middle if j is 0 */)) {
debugf("### Insert: node representing key exists\n");
/* Make space for the value pointer if needed. */
//由于待插入的数据需要value指针，如果之前的节点不是key或者没有value指针，分配空间给value指针
if (!h->iskey || (h->isnull && overwrite)) {
h = raxReallocForData(h,data);
if (h) memcpy(parentlink,&h,sizeof(h));
}
if (h == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
/* Update the existing key if there is already one. */
if (h->iskey) {
if (old) *old = raxGetData(h);
if (overwrite) raxSetData(h,data);
errno = 0;
return 0; /* Element already exists. */
}
/* Otherwise set the node as a key. Note that raxSetData()
* will set h->iskey. */
//设置节点为key，并设置value指针
raxSetData(h,data);
rax->numele++;
return 1; /* Element inserted. */
}
/*
如果我们查找时停下来的node是压缩节点，我们首先需要分割它。
*/
/* If the node we stopped at is a compressed node, we need to
* split it before to continue.
*
* Splitting a compressed node have a few possible cases.
* Imagine that the node 'h' we are currently at is a compressed
* node containing the string "ANNIBALE" (it means that it represents
* nodes A -> N -> N -> I -> B -> A -> L -> E with the only child
* pointer of this node pointing at the 'E' node, because remember that
* we have characters at the edges of the graph, not inside the nodes
* themselves.
*
* In order to show a real case imagine our node to also point to
* another compressed node, that finally points at the node without
* children, representing 'O':
*
* "ANNIBALE" -> "SCO" -> []
*
* When inserting we may face the following cases. Note that all the cases
* require the insertion of a non compressed node with exactly two
* children, except for the last case which just requires splitting a
* compressed node.
*
* 1) Inserting "ANNIENTARE"
*
* |B| -> "ALE" -> "SCO" -> []
* "ANNI" -> |-|
* |E| -> (... continue algo ...) "NTARE" -> []
*
* 2) Inserting "ANNIBALI"
*
* |E| -> "SCO" -> []
* "ANNIBAL" -> |-|
* |I| -> (... continue algo ...) []
*
* 3) Inserting "AGO" (Like case 1, but set iscompr = 0 into original node)
*
* |N| -> "NIBALE" -> "SCO" -> []
* |A| -> |-|
* |G| -> (... continue algo ...) |O| -> []
*
* 4) Inserting "CIAO"
*
* |A| -> "NNIBALE" -> "SCO" -> []
* |-|
* |C| -> (... continue algo ...) "IAO" -> []
*
* 5) Inserting "ANNI"
*
* "ANNI" -> "BALE" -> "SCO" -> []
*
* The final algorithm for insertion covering all the above cases is as
* follows.
*
* ============================= ALGO 1 =============================
*
* For the above cases 1 to 4, that is, all cases where we stopped in
* the middle of a compressed node for a character mismatch, do:
*
* Let $SPLITPOS be the zero-based index at which, in the
* compressed node array of characters, we found the mismatching
* character. For example if the node contains "ANNIBALE" and we add
* "ANNIENTARE" the $SPLITPOS is 4, that is, the index at which the
* mismatching character is found.
*
* 1. Save the current compressed node $NEXT pointer (the pointer to the
* child element, that is always present in compressed nodes).
*
* 2. Create "split node" having as child the non common letter
* at the compressed node. The other non common letter (at the key)
* will be added later as we continue the normal insertion algorithm
* at step "6".
*
* 3a. IF $SPLITPOS == 0:
* Replace the old node with the split node, by copying the auxiliary
* data if any. Fix parent's reference. Free old node eventually
* (we still need its data for the next steps of the algorithm).
*
* 3b. IF $SPLITPOS != 0:
* Trim the compressed node (reallocating it as well) in order to
* contain $splitpos characters. Change child pointer in order to link
* to the split node. If new compressed node len is just 1, set
* iscompr to 0 (layout is the same). Fix parent's reference.
*
* 4a. IF the postfix len (the length of the remaining string of the
* original compressed node after the split character) is non zero,
* create a "postfix node". If the postfix node has just one character
* set iscompr to 0, otherwise iscompr to 1. Set the postfix node
* child pointer to $NEXT.
*
* 4b. IF the postfix len is zero, just use $NEXT as postfix pointer.
*
* 5. Set child[0] of split node to postfix node.
*
* 6. Set the split node as the current node, set current index at child[1]
* and continue insertion algorithm as usually.
*
* ============================= ALGO 2 =============================
*
* For case 5, that is, if we stopped in the middle of a compressed
* node but no mismatch was found, do:
*
* Let $SPLITPOS be the zero-based index at which, in the
* compressed node array of characters, we stopped iterating because
* there were no more keys character to match. So in the example of
* the node "ANNIBALE", addig the string "ANNI", the $SPLITPOS is 4.
*
* 1. Save the current compressed node $NEXT pointer (the pointer to the
* child element, that is always present in compressed nodes).
*
* 2. Create a "postfix node" containing all the characters from $SPLITPOS
* to the end. Use $NEXT as the postfix node child pointer.
* If the postfix node length is 1, set iscompr to 0.
* Set the node as a key with the associated value of the new
* inserted key.
*
* 3. Trim the current node to contain the first $SPLITPOS characters.
* As usually if the new node length is just 1, set iscompr to 0.
* Take the iskey / associated value as it was in the orignal node.
* Fix the parent's reference.
*
* 4. Set the postfix node as the only child pointer of the trimmed
* node created at step 1.
*/
/* ------------------------- ALGORITHM 1 --------------------------- */
//算法的核心是非叶子节点要么是压缩节点要么是非压缩节点，所以其子节点构成要么是多个子节点每个拥有一个字符
//要么是只有一个子节点拥有多个字符
//如果没找到key，当前停留在压缩节点的中部
if (h->iscompr && i != len) {
debugf("ALGO 1: Stopped at compressed node %.*s (%p)\n",
h->size, h->data, (void*)h);
debugf("Still to insert: %.*s\n", (int)(len-i), s+i);
debugf("Splitting at %d: '%c'\n", j, ((char*)h->data)[j]);
debugf("Other (key) letter is '%c'\n", s[i]);
/* 1: Save next pointer. */
//保存指向子节点的指针，压缩节点只有一个子节点
raxNode **childfield = raxNodeLastChildPtr(h);
raxNode *next;
memcpy(&next,childfield,sizeof(next));
debugf("Next is %p\n", (void*)next);
debugf("iskey %d\n", h->iskey);
if (h->iskey) {
debugf("key value is %p\n", raxGetData(h));
}
/* Set the length of the additional nodes we will need. */
//分隔位置
size_t trimmedlen = j;
//找到后续还需要补len大小节点
size_t postfixlen = h->size - j - 1;
int split_node_is_key = !trimmedlen && h->iskey && !h->isnull;
size_t nodesize;
/* 2: Create the split node. Also allocate the other nodes we'll need
* ASAP, so that it will be simpler to handle OOM. */
raxNode *splitnode = raxNewNode(1, split_node_is_key);
raxNode *trimmed = NULL;
raxNode *postfix = NULL;
if (trimmedlen) {
//先将分割位置j前的数据分割出一个节点
nodesize = sizeof(raxNode)+trimmedlen+raxPadding(trimmedlen)+
sizeof(raxNode*);
if (h->iskey && !h->isnull) nodesize += sizeof(void*);
trimmed = rax_malloc(nodesize);
}
//分割位置后
if (postfixlen) {
nodesize = sizeof(raxNode)+postfixlen+raxPadding(postfixlen)+
sizeof(raxNode*);
postfix = rax_malloc(nodesize);
}
/* OOM? Abort now that the tree is untouched. */
if (splitnode == NULL ||
(trimmedlen && trimmed == NULL) ||
(postfixlen && postfix == NULL))
{
rax_free(splitnode);
rax_free(trimmed);
rax_free(postfix);
errno = ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
//将分隔位置指定的单个字符赋值给splitnode的值
splitnode->data[0] = h->data[j];
//j == 0说明该压缩节点没有一个值与value对应的位置匹配
if (j == 0) {
/* 3a: Replace the old node with the split node. */
if (h->iskey) {
void *ndata = raxGetData(h);
raxSetData(splitnode,ndata);
}
memcpy(parentlink,&splitnode,sizeof(splitnode));
} else {
/* 3b: Trim the compressed node. */
trimmed->size = j;
memcpy(trimmed->data,h->data,j);
trimmed->iscompr = j > 1 ? 1 : 0;
trimmed->iskey = h->iskey;
trimmed->isnull = h->isnull;
if (h->iskey && !h->isnull) {
void *ndata = raxGetData(h);
raxSetData(trimmed,ndata);
}
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(trimmed);
//将分割位置的splitnode节点挂到分隔位置前数据节点的子节点，因为分割位置前是插入key和原先值公有
//的数据，开始不相同的j位置需要分割成两个节点以便维持压缩节点和非压缩节点特性
//过程见如下
/*
原结构为"ANNIBALE" -> "SCO" -> []
b,e都是开始不相同的位置 ，在算法中 B就是splitNode,ALE就是postfix，ANNI就是trimmed节点
* 1) Inserting "ANNIENTARE"
|B| -> "ALE" -> "SCO" -> []
"ANNI" -> |-|
|E| -> (... continue algo ...) "NTARE" -> []
*/
memcpy(cp,&splitnode,sizeof(splitnode));
//将这个节点挂到原h的父节点上
memcpy(parentlink,&trimmed,sizeof(trimmed));
parentlink = cp; /* Set parentlink to splitnode parent. */
rax->numnodes++;
}
/* 4: Create the postfix node: what remains of the original
* compressed node after the split. */
if (postfixlen) {
/* 4a: create a postfix node. */
postfix->iskey = 0;
postfix->isnull = 0;
postfix->size = postfixlen;
postfix->iscompr = postfixlen > 1;
//将节点分割位置后的数据赋值给该节点
memcpy(postfix->data,h->data+j+1,postfixlen);
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(postfix);
//将原h的子节点挂在自己子节点位置上
memcpy(cp,&next,sizeof(next));
rax->numnodes++;
} else {
/* 4b: just use next as postfix node. */
postfix = next;
}
/* 5: Set splitnode first child as the postfix node. */
raxNode **splitchild = raxNodeLastChildPtr(splitnode);
memcpy(splitchild,&postfix,sizeof(postfix));
/* 6. Continue insertion: this will cause the splitnode to
* get a new child (the non common character at the currently
* inserted key). */
rax_free(h);
h = splitnode;
} else if (h->iscompr && i == len) {
/*
如下情况： 原结构为"ANNIBALE" -> "SCO" -> []
* 5) Inserting "ANNI"
*
* "ANNI" -> "BALE" -> "SCO" -> []
在如下算法中，postfix就是"BALE"，trimmed就是"ANNI"
*/
/* ------------------------- ALGORITHM 2 --------------------------- */
debugf("ALGO 2: Stopped at compressed node %.*s (%p) j = %d\n",
h->size, h->data, (void*)h, j);
/* Allocate postfix & trimmed nodes ASAP to fail for OOM gracefully. */
size_t postfixlen = h->size - j;
size_t nodesize = sizeof(raxNode)+postfixlen+raxPadding(postfixlen)+
sizeof(raxNode*);
if (data != NULL) nodesize += sizeof(void*);
raxNode *postfix = rax_malloc(nodesize);
nodesize = sizeof(raxNode)+j+raxPadding(j)+sizeof(raxNode*);
if (h->iskey && !h->isnull) nodesize += sizeof(void*);
raxNode *trimmed = rax_malloc(nodesize);
if (postfix == NULL || trimmed == NULL) {
rax_free(postfix);
rax_free(trimmed);
errno = ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
/* 1: Save next pointer. */
raxNode **childfield = raxNodeLastChildPtr(h);
raxNode *next;
memcpy(&next,childfield,sizeof(next));
/* 2: Create the postfix node. */
postfix->size = postfixlen;
postfix->iscompr = postfixlen > 1;
postfix->iskey = 1;
postfix->isnull = 0;
memcpy(postfix->data,h->data+j,postfixlen);
raxSetData(postfix,data);
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(postfix);
memcpy(cp,&next,sizeof(next));
rax->numnodes++;
/* 3: Trim the compressed node. */
trimmed->size = j;
trimmed->iscompr = j > 1;
trimmed->iskey = 0;
trimmed->isnull = 0;
memcpy(trimmed->data,h->data,j);
memcpy(parentlink,&trimmed,sizeof(trimmed));
if (h->iskey) {
void *aux = raxGetData(h);
raxSetData(trimmed,aux);
}
/* Fix the trimmed node child pointer to point to
* the postfix node. */
cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(trimmed);
memcpy(cp,&postfix,sizeof(postfix));
/* Finish! We don't need to continue with the insertion
* algorithm for ALGO 2. The key is already inserted. */
rax->numele++;
rax_free(h);
return 1; /* Key inserted. */
}
/* We walked the radix tree as far as we could, but still there are left
* chars in our string. We need to insert the missing nodes. */
//h已经是splitnode了
while(i < len) {
raxNode *child;
/* If this node is going to have a single child, and there
* are other characters, so that that would result in a chain
* of single-childed nodes, turn it into a compressed node. */
//插入一个复合节点
if (h->size == 0 && len-i > 1) {
debugf("Inserting compressed node\n");
size_t comprsize = len-i;
if (comprsize > RAX_NODE_MAX_SIZE)
comprsize = RAX_NODE_MAX_SIZE;
raxNode *newh = raxCompressNode(h,s+i,comprsize,&child);
if (newh == NULL) goto oom;
h = newh;
memcpy(parentlink,&h,sizeof(h));
parentlink = raxNodeLastChildPtr(h);
i += comprsize;
} else {
//插入单节点
debugf("Inserting normal node\n");
raxNode **new_parentlink;
raxNode *newh = raxAddChild(h,s[i],&child,&new_parentlink);
if (newh == NULL) goto oom;
h = newh;
memcpy(parentlink,&h,sizeof(h));
parentlink = new_parentlink;
i++;
}
rax->numnodes++;
h = child;
}
raxNode *newh = raxReallocForData(h,data);
if (newh == NULL) goto oom;
h = newh;
if (!h->iskey) rax->numele++;
raxSetData(h,data);
memcpy(parentlink,&h,sizeof(h));
return 1; /* Element inserted. */删除key
/* Remove the specified item. Returns 1 if the item was found and
* deleted, 0 otherwise. */
int raxRemove(rax *rax, unsigned char *s, size_t len, void **old) {
raxNode *h;
raxStack ts;
debugf("### Delete: %.*s\n", (int)len, s);
raxStackInit(&ts);
int splitpos = 0;
size_t i = raxLowWalk(rax,s,len,&h,NULL,&splitpos,&ts);
if (i != len || (h->iscompr && splitpos != 0) || !h->iskey) {
raxStackFree(&ts);
return 0;
}
if (old) *old = raxGetData(h);
h->iskey = 0;
rax->numele--;
/* If this node has no children, the deletion needs to reclaim the
* no longer used nodes. This is an iterative process that needs to
* walk the three upward, deleting all the nodes with just one child
* that are not keys, until the head of the rax is reached or the first
* node with more than one child is found. */
int trycompress = 0; /* Will be set to 1 if we should try to optimize the
tree resulting from the deletion. */
if (h->size == 0) {
debugf("Key deleted in node without children. Cleanup needed.\n");
raxNode *child = NULL;
while(h != rax->head) {
child = h;
debugf("Freeing child %p [%.*s] key:%d\n", (void*)child,
(int)child->size, (char*)child->data, child->iskey);
rax_free(child);
rax->numnodes--;
h = raxStackPop(&ts);
/* If this node has more then one child, or actually holds
* a key, stop here. */
if (h->iskey || (!h->iscompr && h->size != 1)) break;
}
if (child) {
debugf("Unlinking child %p from parent %p\n",
(void*)child, (void*)h);
raxNode *new = raxRemoveChild(h,child);
if (new != h) {
raxNode *parent = raxStackPeek(&ts);
raxNode **parentlink;
if (parent == NULL) {
parentlink = &rax->head;
} else {
parentlink = raxFindParentLink(parent,h);
}
memcpy(parentlink,&new,sizeof(new));
}
/* If after the removal the node has just a single child
* and is not a key, we need to try to compress it. */
if (new->size == 1 && new->iskey == 0) {
trycompress = 1;
h = new;
}
}
} else if (h->size == 1) {
/* If the node had just one child, after the removal of the key
* further compression with adjacent nodes is potentially possible. */
trycompress = 1;
}
/* Don't try node compression if our nodes pointers stack is not
* complete because of OOM while executing raxLowWalk() */
if (trycompress && ts.oom) trycompress = 0;
/* Recompression: if trycompress is true, 'h' points to a radix tree node
* that changed in a way that could allow to compress nodes in this
* sub-branch. Compressed nodes represent chains of nodes that are not
* keys and have a single child, so there are two deletion events that
* may alter the tree so that further compression is needed:
*
* 1) A node with a single child was a key and now no longer is a key.
* 2) A node with two children now has just one child.
*
* We try to navigate upward till there are other nodes that can be
* compressed, when we reach the upper node which is not a key and has
* a single child, we scan the chain of children to collect the
* compressable part of the tree, and replace the current node with the
* new one, fixing the child pointer to reference the first non
* compressable node.
*
* Example of case "1". A tree stores the keys "FOO" = 1 and
* "FOOBAR" = 2:
*
*
* "FOO" -> "BAR" -> [] (2)
* (1)
*
* After the removal of "FOO" the tree can be compressed as:
*
* "FOOBAR" -> [] (2)
*
*
* Example of case "2". A tree stores the keys "FOOBAR" = 1 and
* "FOOTER" = 2:
*
* |B| -> "AR" -> [] (1)
* "FOO" -> |-|
* |T| -> "ER" -> [] (2)
*
* After the removal of "FOOTER" the resulting tree is:
*
* "FOO" -> |B| -> "AR" -> [] (1)
*
* That can be compressed into:
*
* "FOOBAR" -> [] (1)
*/
if (trycompress) {
debugf("After removing %.*s:\n", (int)len, s);
debugnode("Compression may be needed",h);
debugf("Seek start node\n");
/* Try to reach the upper node that is compressible.
* At the end of the loop 'h' will point to the first node we
* can try to compress and 'parent' to its parent. */
raxNode *parent;
while(1) {
parent = raxStackPop(&ts);
if (!parent || parent->iskey ||
(!parent->iscompr && parent->size != 1)) break;
h = parent;
debugnode("Going up to",h);
}
raxNode *start = h; /* Compression starting node. */
/* Scan chain of nodes we can compress. */
size_t comprsize = h->size;
int nodes = 1;
while(h->size != 0) {
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(h);
memcpy(&h,cp,sizeof(h));
if (h->iskey || (!h->iscompr && h->size != 1)) break;
/* Stop here if going to the next node would result into
* a compressed node larger than h->size can hold. */
if (comprsize + h->size > RAX_NODE_MAX_SIZE) break;
nodes++;
comprsize += h->size;
}
if (nodes > 1) {
/* If we can compress, create the new node and populate it. */
size_t nodesize =
sizeof(raxNode)+comprsize+raxPadding(comprsize)+sizeof(raxNode*);
raxNode *new = rax_malloc(nodesize);
/* An out of memory here just means we cannot optimize this
* node, but the tree is left in a consistent state. */
if (new == NULL) {
raxStackFree(&ts);
return 1;
}
new->iskey = 0;
new->isnull = 0;
new->iscompr = 1;
new->size = comprsize;
rax->numnodes++;
/* Scan again, this time to populate the new node content and
* to fix the new node child pointer. At the same time we free
* all the nodes that we'll no longer use. */
comprsize = 0;
h = start;
while(h->size != 0) {
memcpy(new->data+comprsize,h->data,h->size);
comprsize += h->size;
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(h);
raxNode *tofree = h;
memcpy(&h,cp,sizeof(h));
rax_free(tofree); rax->numnodes--;
if (h->iskey || (!h->iscompr && h->size != 1)) break;
}
debugnode("New node",new);
/* Now 'h' points to the first node that we still need to use,
* so our new node child pointer will point to it. */
raxNode **cp = raxNodeLastChildPtr(new);
memcpy(cp,&h,sizeof(h));
/* Fix parent link. */
if (parent) {
raxNode **parentlink = raxFindParentLink(parent,start);
memcpy(parentlink,&new,sizeof(new));
} else {
rax->head = new;
}
debugf("Compressed %d nodes, %d total bytes\n",
nodes, (int)comprsize);
}
}
raxStackFree(&ts);
return 1;
}
redisDb
为什么要有这个结构
抽象了redis的数据库
数据结构
typedef struct redisDb {
//保存有这个数据库下所有数据类型的key，如set aa bb,aa就是key，value就是指向bb的redisObject指针
dict *dict; /* The keyspace for this DB */
dict *expires; /* Timeout of keys with a timeout set */
dict *blocking_keys; /* Keys with clients waiting for data (BLPOP)*/
dict *ready_keys; /* Blocked keys that received a PUSH */
dict *watched_keys; /* WATCHED keys for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
int id; /* Database ID */
long long avg_ttl; /* Average TTL, just for stats */
unsigned long expires_cursor; /* Cursor of the active expire cycle. */
list *defrag_later; /* List of key names to attempt to defrag one by one, gradually. */
} redisDb;redisObject
为什么要有这个数据结构
统一管理，而且还包含了key的过期lru值。其ptr指向的就是真正的数据，而且可以根据encoding的不同对相同type的数据使用不同的数据结构进行保存
数据结构
typedef struct redisObject {
//4个bit 标明是什么数据类型，如string,hash,list等
unsigned type:4;
//根据不同的encoding决定是使用哪个底层数据结构，如sds，intset等
unsigned encoding:4;
//24个bit ，lru值
unsigned lru:LRU_BITS; /* LRU time (relative to global lru_clock) or
* LFU data (least significant 8 bits frequency
* and most significant 16 bits access time). */
//引用计数
int refcount;
//指向对应数据类型值的指针
void *ptr;
} robj;对type为字符串的value进行编码
/* Try to encode a string object in order to save space */
robj *tryObjectEncoding(robj *o) {
long value;
sds s = o->ptr;
size_t len;
/* Make sure this is a string object, the only type we encode
* in this function. Other types use encoded memory efficient
* representations but are handled by the commands implementing
* the type. */
serverAssertWithInfo(NULL,o,o->type == OBJ_STRING);
/* We try some specialized encoding only for objects that are
* RAW or EMBSTR encoded, in other words objects that are still
* in represented by an actually array of chars. */
if (!sdsEncodedObject(o)) return o;
/* It's not safe to encode shared objects: shared objects can be shared
* everywhere in the "object space" of Redis and may end in places where
* they are not handled. We handle them only as values in the keyspace. */
if (o->refcount > 1) return o;
/* Check if we can represent this string as a long integer.
* Note that we are sure that a string larger than 20 chars is not
* representable as a 32 nor 64 bit integer. */
len = sdslen(s);
//如果字符串的长度不超过20并且是数字，直接将redisObject的ptr指针用来存放解析好的整形value
if (len <= 20 && string2l(s,len,&value)) {
/* This object is encodable as a long. Try to use a shared object.
* Note that we avoid using shared integers when maxmemory is used
* because every object needs to have a private LRU field for the LRU
* algorithm to work well. */
if ((server.maxmemory == 0 ||
!(server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_NO_SHARED_INTEGERS)) &&
value >= 0 &&
value < OBJ_SHARED_INTEGERS)
{
decrRefCount(o);
incrRefCount(shared.integers[value]);
return shared.integers[value];
} else {
if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_RAW) {
sdsfree(o->ptr);
o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_INT;
o->ptr = (void*) value;
return o;
} else if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR) {
decrRefCount(o);
return createStringObjectFromLongLongForValue(value);
}
}
}
/* If the string is small and is still RAW encoded,
* try the EMBSTR encoding which is more efficient.
* In this representation the object and the SDS string are allocated
* in the same chunk of memory to save space and cache misses. */
//字符串长度小于等于44，直接把redisObject和sds结构体内存一起分配
if (len <= OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT) {
robj *emb;
if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR) return o;
emb = createEmbeddedStringObject(s,sdslen(s));
decrRefCount(o);
return emb;
}
/* We can't encode the object...
*
* Do the last try, and at least optimize the SDS string inside
* the string object to require little space, in case there
* is more than 10% of free space at the end of the SDS string.
*
* We do that only for relatively large strings as this branch
* is only entered if the length of the string is greater than
* OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT. */
trimStringObjectIfNeeded(o);
/* Return the original object. */
return o;
}/* Create a string object with EMBSTR encoding if it is smaller than
* OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT, otherwise the RAW encoding is
* used.
*
* The current limit of 44 is chosen so that the biggest string object
* we allocate as EMBSTR will still fit into the 64 byte arena of jemalloc. */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT 44
//redisObject的ptr指向sds中字符数组的起始位置
robj *createStringObject(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
//如果字符串长度小于等于44字节，redisObject对象和sds结构体空间会一起分配。
//避免了内存两次分配和减少了内存碎片问题
//为什么是44字节因为 44 + '\0'(1) + sdshdr8->len(1) + sdshdr8->alloc(1)
//+ sdshdr8->flags(1) + redisObject->(type + encoding + lru) 4字节
//+ redisObject->refcount(4) + redisObject->ptr(8) == 64byte
if (len <= OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT)
return createEmbeddedStringObject(ptr,len);
else //单独申请redisObject和sds结构体的空间
return createRawStringObject(ptr,len);
}/* Create a string object with encoding OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR, that is
* an object where the sds string is actually an unmodifiable string
* allocated in the same chunk as the object itself. */
robj *createEmbeddedStringObject(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
//redisObject和sds结构体一起分配空间
robj *o = zmalloc(sizeof(robj)+sizeof(struct sdshdr8)+len+1);
//指向了sds结构体的起始位置
struct sdshdr8 *sh = (void*)(o+1);
//指明是string类型
o->type = OBJ_STRING;
//指明OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR编码类型
o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR;
//redisObject的ptr直接指向sds代表的字符数组
o->ptr = sh+1;
o->refcount = 1;
if (server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_LFU) {
o->lru = (LFUGetTimeInMinutes()<<8) | LFU_INIT_VAL;
} else {
o->lru = LRU_CLOCK();
}
sh->len = len;
sh->alloc = len;
sh->flags = SDS_TYPE_8;
if (ptr == SDS_NOINIT)
sh->buf[len] = '\0';
else if (ptr) {
memcpy(sh->buf,ptr,len);
sh->buf[len] = '\0';
} else {
memset(sh->buf,0,len+1);
}
return o;
}对type为list的value进行编码
以lpush为例，其编码类型只有quicklist
/* Implements LPUSH/RPUSH/LPUSHX/RPUSHX.
* 'xx': push if key exists. */
void pushGenericCommand(client *c, int where, int xx) {
int j;
for (j = 2; j < c->argc; j++) {
if (sdslen(c->argv[j]->ptr) > LIST_MAX_ITEM_SIZE) {
addReplyError(c, "Element too large");
return;
}
}
//从客户端指定的db中db->dict结构中找传入的key，
robj *lobj = lookupKeyWrite(c->db, c->argv[1]);
if (checkType(c,lobj,OBJ_LIST)) return;
//如果key不存在
if (!lobj) {
if (xx) {
addReply(c, shared.czero);
return;
}
//直接创建ptr指向quicklist结构的redisObject
lobj = createQuicklistObject();
quicklistSetOptions(lobj->ptr, server.list_max_ziplist_size,
server.list_compress_depth);
//往db->dict中添加key
dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],lobj);
}
//把传入的value往quicklist里面塞，细节是value都是字符串格式存放
for (j = 2; j < c->argc; j++) {
listTypePush(lobj,c->argv[j],where);
server.dirty++;
}
addReplyLongLong(c, listTypeLength(lobj));
char *event = (where == LIST_HEAD) ? "lpush" : "rpush";
signalModifiedKey(c,c->db,c->argv[1]);
notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_LIST,event,c->argv[1],c->db->id);
}对type为set的数据进行编码
以sadd命令为例
void saddCommand(client *c) {
robj *set;
int j, added = 0;
set = lookupKeyWrite(c->db,c->argv[1]);
if (checkType(c,set,OBJ_SET)) return;
if (set == NULL) {
//根据value是否是数字决定底层存储结构
set = setTypeCreate(c->argv[2]->ptr);
dbAdd(c->db,c->argv[1],set);
}
for (j = 2; j < c->argc; j++) {
//插入元素
if (setTypeAdd(set,c->argv[j]->ptr)) added++;
}
if (added) {
signalModifiedKey(c,c->db,c->argv[1]);
notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_SET,"sadd",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
}
server.dirty += added;
addReplyLongLong(c,added);
}/* Factory method to return a set that *can* hold "value". When the object has
* an integer-encodable value, an intset will be returned. Otherwise a regular
* hash table. */
robj *setTypeCreate(sds value) {
//如果发现value是数字，就创建encoding为intset的set结构
if (isSdsRepresentableAsLongLong(value,NULL) == C_OK)
return createIntsetObject();
//否则就使用dict为encoding
return createSetObject();
}/* Add the specified value into a set.
*
* If the value was already member of the set, nothing is done and 0 is
* returned, otherwise the new element is added and 1 is returned. */
int setTypeAdd(robj *subject, sds value) {
long long llval;
//如果底层存储是dict，就直接放到dict里面就行
if (subject->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_HT) {
dict *ht = subject->ptr;
dictEntry *de = dictAddRaw(ht,value,NULL);
if (de) {
dictSetKey(ht,de,sdsdup(value));
dictSetVal(ht,de,NULL);
return 1;
}//如果底层存储是intset，就需要判断新插入元素是不是数字
} else if (subject->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_INTSET) {
if (isSdsRepresentableAsLongLong(value,&llval) == C_OK) {
uint8_t success = 0;
subject->ptr = intsetAdd(subject->ptr,llval,&success);
if (success) {
/* Convert to regular set when the intset contains
* too many entries. */
size_t max_entries = server.set_max_intset_entries;
/* limit to 1G entries due to intset internals. */
if (max_entries >= 1<<30) max_entries = 1<<30;
//intset元素限制个数默认是512个，超过就使用dict
if (intsetLen(subject->ptr) > max_entries)
setTypeConvert(subject,OBJ_ENCODING_HT);
return 1;
}
} else {
//不是数字底层存储就要从intset转化为dict了
/* Failed to get integer from object, convert to regular set. */
setTypeConvert(subject,OBJ_ENCODING_HT);
/* The set *was* an intset and this value is not integer
* encodable, so dictAdd should always work. */
serverAssert(dictAdd(subject->ptr,sdsdup(value),NULL) == DICT_OK);
return 1;
}
} else {
serverPanic("Unknown set encoding");
}
return 0;
}对type为hash的value进行编码
以hset命令为例
void hsetCommand(client *c) {
int i, created = 0;
robj *o;
if ((c->argc % 2) == 1) {
addReplyErrorFormat(c,"wrong number of arguments for '%s' command",c->cmd->name);
return;
}
//查找命令中的key对应的redisObject是否存在，如果不存在，就创建以ziplist为存储结构的hash-redisObject
if ((o = hashTypeLookupWriteOrCreate(c,c->argv[1])) == NULL) return;
//进行hash中的key-value判断是否key-value大小超过64，是的话就将hash从ziplist存储转换为dict
hashTypeTryConversion(o,c->argv,2,c->argc-1);
for (i = 2; i < c->argc; i += 2)
//开始存数据，如果使用的是ziplist并且存储的元素已经超过512，就转换为dict存储
created += !hashTypeSet(o,c->argv[i]->ptr,c->argv[i+1]->ptr,HASH_SET_COPY);
/* HMSET (deprecated) and HSET return value is different. */
char *cmdname = c->argv[0]->ptr;
if (cmdname[1] == 's' || cmdname[1] == 'S') {
/* HSET */
addReplyLongLong(c, created);
} else {
/* HMSET */
addReply(c, shared.ok);
}
signalModifiedKey(c,c->db,c->argv[1]);
notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_HASH,"hset",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
server.dirty += (c->argc - 2)/2;
}对type为soreted set的value进行编码
以zadd命令为例，当元素个数小于128并且单个元素大小不大于64时，就使用ziplist存放，否则使用dict+zskiplist
/* Add a new element or update the score of an existing element in a sorted
* set, regardless of its encoding.
*
* The set of flags change the command behavior.
*
* The input flags are the following:
*
* ZADD_INCR: Increment the current element score by 'score' instead of updating
* the current element score. If the element does not exist, we
* assume 0 as previous score.
* ZADD_NX: Perform the operation only if the element does not exist.
* ZADD_XX: Perform the operation only if the element already exist.
* ZADD_GT: Perform the operation on existing elements only if the new score is
* greater than the current score.
* ZADD_LT: Perform the operation on existing elements only if the new score is
* less than the current score.
*
* When ZADD_INCR is used, the new score of the element is stored in
* '*newscore' if 'newscore' is not NULL.
*
* The returned flags are the following:
*
* ZADD_NAN: The resulting score is not a number.
* ZADD_ADDED: The element was added (not present before the call).
* ZADD_UPDATED: The element score was updated.
* ZADD_NOP: No operation was performed because of NX or XX.
*
* Return value:
*
* The function returns 1 on success, and sets the appropriate flags
* ADDED or UPDATED to signal what happened during the operation (note that
* none could be set if we re-added an element using the same score it used
* to have, or in the case a zero increment is used).
*
* The function returns 0 on error, currently only when the increment
* produces a NAN condition, or when the 'score' value is NAN since the
* start.
*
* The command as a side effect of adding a new element may convert the sorted
* set internal encoding from ziplist to hashtable+skiplist.
*
* Memory management of 'ele':
*
* The function does not take ownership of the 'ele' SDS string, but copies
* it if needed. */
int zsetAdd(robj *zobj, double score, sds ele, int in_flags, int *out_flags, double *newscore) {
/* Turn options into simple to check vars. */
int incr = (in_flags & ZADD_IN_INCR) != 0;
int nx = (in_flags & ZADD_IN_NX) != 0;
int xx = (in_flags & ZADD_IN_XX) != 0;
int gt = (in_flags & ZADD_IN_GT) != 0;
int lt = (in_flags & ZADD_IN_LT) != 0;
*out_flags = 0; /* We'll return our response flags. */
double curscore;
/* NaN as input is an error regardless of all the other parameters. */
if (isnan(score)) {
*out_flags = ZADD_OUT_NAN;
return 0;
}
/* Update the sorted set according to its encoding. */
if (zobj->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPLIST) {
unsigned char *eptr;
//遍历ziplist去找是否已经存在对应元素，ziplist结构是 [ele][score]结构存放
if ((eptr = zzlFind(zobj->ptr,ele,&curscore)) != NULL) {
/* NX? Return, same element already exists. */
if (nx) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
/* Prepare the score for the increment if needed. */
if (incr) {
score += curscore;
if (isnan(score)) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NAN;
return 0;
}
}
/* GT/LT? Only update if score is greater/less than current. */
if ((lt && score >= curscore) || (gt && score <= curscore)) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
if (newscore) *newscore = score;
/* Remove and re-insert when score changed. */
if (score != curscore) {
zobj->ptr = zzlDelete(zobj->ptr,eptr);
zobj->ptr = zzlInsert(zobj->ptr,ele,score);
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_UPDATED;
}
return 1;
} else if (!xx) {
/* check if the element is too large or the list
* becomes too long *before* executing zzlInsert. */
//如果ziplist元素个数超过128或者插入的此元素大小超过64字节，就转换为zset结构
if (zzlLength(zobj->ptr)+1 > server.zset_max_ziplist_entries ||
sdslen(ele) > server.zset_max_ziplist_value ||
!ziplistSafeToAdd(zobj->ptr, sdslen(ele)))
{
zsetConvert(zobj,OBJ_ENCODING_SKIPLIST);
} else {
zobj->ptr = zzlInsert(zobj->ptr,ele,score);
if (newscore) *newscore = score;
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_ADDED;
return 1;
}
} else {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
}
/* Note that the above block handling ziplist would have either returned or
* converted the key to skiplist. */
if (zobj->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_SKIPLIST) {
zset *zs = zobj->ptr;
zskiplistNode *znode;
dictEntry *de;
//
de = dictFind(zs->dict,ele);
if (de != NULL) {
/* NX? Return, same element already exists. */
if (nx) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
curscore = *(double*)dictGetVal(de);
/* Prepare the score for the increment if needed. */
if (incr) {
score += curscore;
if (isnan(score)) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NAN;
return 0;
}
}
/* GT/LT? Only update if score is greater/less than current. */
if ((lt && score >= curscore) || (gt && score <= curscore)) {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
if (newscore) *newscore = score;
/* Remove and re-insert when score changes. */
if (score != curscore) {
znode = zslUpdateScore(zs->zsl,curscore,ele,score);
/* Note that we did not removed the original element from
* the hash table representing the sorted set, so we just
* update the score. */
dictGetVal(de) = &znode->score; /* Update score ptr. */
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_UPDATED;
}
return 1;
} else if (!xx) {
//zset结构就是元素和对应分数放在score中，为了范围查询快使用跳表按照分数大小存放分数和元素
ele = sdsdup(ele);
znode = zslInsert(zs->zsl,score,ele);
serverAssert(dictAdd(zs->dict,ele,&znode->score) == DICT_OK);
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_ADDED;
if (newscore) *newscore = score;
return 1;
} else {
*out_flags |= ZADD_OUT_NOP;
return 1;
}
} else {
serverPanic("Unknown sorted set encoding");
}
return 0; /* Never reached. */
}bitmap底层也是type为string
setbit命令
/* SETBIT key offset bitvalue */
void setbitCommand(client *c) {
robj *o;
char *err = "bit is not an integer or out of range";
uint64_t bitoffset;
ssize_t byte, bit;
int byteval, bitval;
long on;
//c->argv[2]是命令中的offset
if (getBitOffsetFromArgument(c,c->argv[2],&bitoffset,0,0) != C_OK)
return;
if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c,c->argv[3],&on,err) != C_OK)
return;
/* Bits can only be set or cleared... */
if (on & ~1) {
addReplyError(c,err);
return;
}
//首先为bitoffset所需的sds申请足够的字节空间
if ((o = lookupStringForBitCommand(c,bitoffset)) == NULL) return;
/* Get current values */
//获取当前位数所在的字节
byte = bitoffset >> 3;
byteval = ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte];
//bitoffset & 0x7可以得出其在字节的第几位，用7-是因为字节是右边是高位
//假设bitoffset是2， 首先bitoffset从0开始编号，那么字节内的bit位为0010 0000
//假设bitoffset是13， 那么字节内的bit位为 0000 0100
bit = 7 - (bitoffset & 0x7);
//算出原数据那一位是0或者1
bitval = byteval & (1 << bit);
/* Update byte with new bit value and return original value */
//先将原始数据那一位变成0，其他位不变，如果不变的话，假设要将1变成0，或运算就不起作用了
byteval &= ~(1 << bit);
//将那一位进行或运算
byteval |= ((on & 0x1) << bit);
((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte] = byteval;
signalModifiedKey(c,c->db,c->argv[1]);
notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_STRING,"setbit",c->argv[1],c->db->id);
server.dirty++;
addReply(c, bitval ? shared.cone : shared.czero);
}getBit
/* GETBIT key offset */
void getbitCommand(client *c) {
robj *o;
char llbuf[32];
uint64_t bitoffset;
size_t byte, bit;
size_t bitval = 0;
if (getBitOffsetFromArgument(c,c->argv[2],&bitoffset,0,0) != C_OK)
return;
if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.czero)) == NULL ||
checkType(c,o,OBJ_STRING)) return;
//算出offset在字节
byte = bitoffset >> 3;
//算出offset在字节内的所在位置
bit = 7 - (bitoffset & 0x7);
if (sdsEncodedObject(o)) {
if (byte < sdslen(o->ptr))
//与运算拿到值
bitval = ((uint8_t*)o->ptr)[byte] & (1 << bit);
} else {
if (byte < (size_t)ll2string(llbuf,sizeof(llbuf),(long)o->ptr))
bitval = llbuf[byte] & (1 << bit);
}
addReply(c, bitval ? shared.cone : shared.czero);
}未完待续------
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