7.1 组合问题
77、组合
LeetCode:77、组合
(1)未剪枝优化
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(int n, int k, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() == k) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= n; i++) {
path.push_back(i);
backtracking(n, k, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combine(int n, int k) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(n, k, 1);
return result;
}
};
(2)剪枝优化后
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(int n, int k, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() == k) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= n - (k - path.size()) + 1; i++) {
path.push_back(i);
backtracking(n, k, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
vector<vector<int>> combine(int n, int k) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(n, k, 1);
return result;
}
};
7.2 组合总和 |||
216、组合总和 |||
LeetCode:216、组合总和
(1)自己的想法
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backTracking(int k, int n, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() == k) {
if (accumulate(path.begin(), path.end(), 0) == n)
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9; i++) {
path.push_back(i);
backTracking(k, n, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backTracking(k, n, 1);
return result;
}
};
(2)没有剪枝
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(int targetSum, int k, int sum, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() == k) {
if (sum == targetSum) result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9; i++) {
sum += i;
path.push_back(i);
backtracking(targetSum, k, sum, i + 1);
sum -= i;
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(n, k, 0, 1);
return result;
}
};
(3)有剪枝优化
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(int targetSum, int k, int sum, int startIndex) {
if (sum > targetSum) {
return;
}
if (path.size() == k) {
if (sum == targetSum) result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i <= 9 - (k - path.size()) + 1; i++) {
sum += i;
path.push_back(i);
backtracking(targetSum, k, sum, i + 1);
sum -= i;
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(n, k, 0, 1);
return result;
}
};
7.3 电话号码的字母组合
17、电话号码的字母组合
LeetCode:17、电话号码的字母组合
(1)原始版本
class Solution {
private:
const string letterMap[10] = {
"",
"",
"abc",
"def",
"ghi",
"jkl",
"mno",
"pqrs",
"tuv",
"wxyz",
};
public:
vector<string> result;
string s;
void backtracking(const string& digits, int index) {
if (index == digits.size()) {
result.push_back(s);
return;
}
int digit = digits[index] - '0';
string letters = letterMap[digit];
for (int i = 0; i < letters.size(); i++) {
s.push_back(letters[i]);
backtracking(digits, index + 1);
s.pop_back();
}
}
vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) {
s.clear();
result.clear();
if (digits.size() == 0) {
return result;
}
backtracking(digits, 0);
return result;
}
};
(2)隐藏回溯的版本
class Solution {
private:
const string letterMap[10] = {
"",
"",
"abc",
"def",
"ghi",
"jkl",
"mno",
"pqrs",
"tuv",
"wxyz",
};
public:
vector<string> result;
void getCombinations(const string& digits, int index, const string& s) {
if (index == digits.size()) {
result.push_back(s);
return;
}
int digit = digits[index] - '0';
string letters = letterMap[digit];
for (int i = 0; i < letters.size(); i++) {
getCombinations(digits, index + 1, s + letters[i]);
}
}
vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) {
result.clear();
if (digits.size() == 0) {
return result;
}
getCombinations(digits, 0, "");
return result;
}
};
7.4 组合总和
39、组合总和
LeetCode:39、组合总和
(1)未剪枝前
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int sum, int startIndex) {
if (sum > target) {
return;
}
if (sum == target) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size(); i++) {
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
backtracking(candidates, target, sum, i);
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(candidates, target, 0, 0);
return result;
}
};
(2)剪枝优化
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int sum, int startIndex) {
if (sum == target) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size() && sum + candidates[i] <= target; i++) {
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
backtracking(candidates, target, sum, i);
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
backtracking(candidates, target, 0, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.5 组合总和 ||
40、组合总和 ||
LeetCode:40、组合总和 ||
(1)使用used去重+剪枝优化
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int sum, int startIndex, vector<bool>& used) {
if (sum == target) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size() && sum + candidates[i] <= target; i++) {
if (i > 0 && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1] && used[i - 1] == false)
continue;
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
used[i] = true;
backtracking(candidates, target, sum, i + 1, used);
used[i] = false;
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum2(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
vector<bool> used(candidates.size(), false);
path.clear();
result.clear();
sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
backtracking(candidates, target, 0, 0, used);
return result;
}
};
(2)使用startIndex去重+剪枝优化
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int sum, int startIndex) {
if (sum == target) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < candidates.size() && sum + candidates[i] <= target; i++) {
if (i > startIndex && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
sum += candidates[i];
path.push_back(candidates[i]);
backtracking(candidates, target, sum, i + 1);
sum -= candidates[i];
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> combinationSum2(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
path.clear();
result.clear();
sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
backtracking(candidates, target, 0, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.6 分割回文串
131、分割回文串
LeetCode:131、分割回文串
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<string>> result;
vector<string> path;
void backtracking (const string& s, int startIndex) {
if (startIndex >= s.size()) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < s.size(); i++) {
if (isPalindrome(s, startIndex, i)) {
string str = s.substr(startIndex, i - startIndex + 1);
path.push_back(str);
} else {
continue;
}
backtracking(s, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
bool isPalindrome(const string& s, int start, int end) {
for (int i = start, j = end; i < j; i++, j--) {
if (s[i] != s[j]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public:
vector<vector<string>> partition(string s) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(s, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.7 复原IP地址
93.复原IP地址
LeetCode:93、复原IP地址
答案
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> result;
void backtracking(string& s, int startIndex, int pointNum) {
if (pointNum == 3) {
if (isValid(s, startIndex, s.size() - 1)) {
result.push_back(s);
}
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < s.size(); i++) {
if (isValid(s, startIndex, i)) {
s.insert(s.begin() + i + 1 , '.');
pointNum++;
backtracking(s, i + 2, pointNum);
pointNum--;
s.erase(s.begin() + i + 1);
} else break;
}
}
bool isValid(const string& s, int start, int end) {
if (start > end) {
return false;
}
if (s[start] == '0' && start != end) {
return false;
}
int num = 0;
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
if (s[i] > '9' || s[i] < '0') {
return false;
}
num = num * 10 + (s[i] - '0');
if (num > 255) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
result.clear();
if (s.size() < 4 || s.size() > 12) return result;
backtracking(s, 0, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.8 子集
78、子集
LeetCode:78、子集
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& nums, int startIndex) {
result.push_back(path);
if (startIndex >= nums.size()) {
return;
}
for (int i = startIndex; i < nums.size(); i++) {
path.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(nums, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.9 子集 ||
90、子集 ||
LeetCode:90、子集
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& nums, int startIndex, vector<bool>& used) {
result.push_back(path);
for (int i = startIndex; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && used[i - 1] == false) {
continue;
}
path.push_back(nums[i]);
used[i] = true;
backtracking(nums, i + 1, used);
used[i] = false;
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
vector<bool> used(nums.size(), false);
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
backtracking(nums, 0, used);
return result;
}
};
7.10 递增子序列
491、递增子序列
LeetCode:491、递增子序列
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking(vector<int>& nums, int startIndex) {
if (path.size() > 1) {
result.push_back(path);
}
unordered_set<int> uset;
for (int i = startIndex; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if ((!path.empty() && nums[i] < path.back())
|| uset.find(nums[i]) != uset.end()) {
continue;
}
uset.insert(nums[i]);
path.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, i + 1);
path.pop_back();
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> findSubsequences(vector<int>& nums) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
backtracking(nums, 0);
return result;
}
};
7.11 全排列
46、全排列
LeetCode:46、全排列
答案
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking (vector<int>& nums, vector<bool>& used) {
if (path.size() == nums.size()) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if (used[i] == true) continue;
used[i] = true;
path.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, used);
path.pop_back();
used[i] = false;
}
}
vector<vector<int>> permute(vector<int>& nums) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
vector<bool> used(nums.size(), false);
backtracking(nums, used);
return result;
}
};
7.12 全排列 ||
47、全排列 ||
LeetCode:47、全排列 ||
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<int>> result;
vector<int> path;
void backtracking (vector<int>& nums, vector<bool>& used) {
if (path.size() == nums.size()) {
result.push_back(path);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && used[i - 1] == false) {
continue;
}
if (used[i] == false) {
used[i] = true;
path.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, used);
path.pop_back();
used[i] = false;
}
}
}
public:
vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
result.clear();
path.clear();
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
vector<bool> used(nums.size(), false);
backtracking(nums, used);
return result;
}
};
7.13 N皇后
51、N皇后
LeetCode:51、N皇后
答案
class Solution {
private:
vector<vector<string>> result;
void backtracking(int n, int row, vector<string>& chessboard) {
if (row == n) {
result.push_back(chessboard);
return;
}
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
if (isValid(row, col, chessboard, n)) {
chessboard[row][col] = 'Q';
backtracking(n, row + 1, chessboard);
chessboard[row][col] = '.';
}
}
}
bool isValid(int row, int col, vector<string>& chessboard, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
if (chessboard[i][col] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
for (int i = row - 1, j = col - 1; i >=0 && j >= 0; i--, j--) {
if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
for(int i = row - 1, j = col + 1; i >= 0 && j < n; i--, j++) {
if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public:
vector<vector<string>> solveNQueens(int n) {
result.clear();
std::vector<std::string> chessboard(n, std::string(n, '.'));
backtracking(n, 0, chessboard);
return result;
}
};
7.14 解数独
37、解数独
LeetCode:37、解数独
答案
class Solution {
private:
bool backtracking(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < board[0].size(); j++) {
if (board[i][j] == '.') {
for (char k = '1'; k <= '9'; k++) {
if (isValid(i, j, k, board)) {
board[i][j] = k;
if (backtracking(board)) return true;
board[i][j] = '.';
}
}
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
bool isValid(int row, int col, char val, vector<vector<char>>& board) {
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
if (board[row][i] == val) {
return false;
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
if (board[j][col] == val) {
return false;
}
}
int startRow = (row / 3) * 3;
int startCol = (col / 3) * 3;
for (int i = startRow; i < startRow + 3; i++) {
for (int j = startCol; j < startCol + 3; j++) {
if (board[i][j] == val ) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
public:
void solveSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
backtracking(board);
}
};