1. PyTorch模型定义的方式
1.1 知识回顾
在上节主要模块和基础实战中学习到了PyTorch在进行模型定义时所需要的必要知识。
1.1.1 Module 类
Module 类是 torch.nn 模块里提供的一个模型构造类 (nn.Module)，是所有神经⽹网络模块的基类，我们可以继承它来定义我们想要的模型。
1.1.2 定义模型的两个主要部分
（1）各个部分的初始化（__init__）；
（2）数据流向定义（forward）（正向传播）。
1.2 模型定义的三种方式
1.2.1 Sequential
（1）对应模块：nn.Sequential()
（2）传入方式：
一系列子模块
import torch.nn as nn
net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(784, 256),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(256, 10),
)
print(net)子模块的有序字典(OrderedDict)
import collections
import torch.nn as nn
net2 = nn.Sequential(collections.OrderedDict([
('fc1', nn.Linear(784, 256)),
('relu1', nn.ReLU()),
('fc2', nn.Linear(256, 10))
]))
print(net2)（3）nn.Sequential()底层代码理解：
class MySequential(nn.Module):
from collections import OrderedDict
# 初始化定义
def __init__(self, *args):
super(MySequential, self).__init__()
# 如果传入的是一个OrderedDict
if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], OrderedDict):
for key, module in args[0].items():
self.add_module(key, module)
# add_module方法会将module添加进self._modules(一个OrderedDict)
# 传入的是一些Module
else:
for idx, module in enumerate(args):
self.add_module(str(idx), module)
# 正向传播
def forward(self, input):
# self._modules返回一个 OrderedDict，保证会按照成员添加时的顺序遍历成
for module in self._modules.values():
input = module(input)
return input（4）优点：简单、易读，顺序已经定义好不需要再写forawrd
（5）缺点：丧失灵活性
1.2.2 ModuleList
（1）对应模块：nn.ModuleList()
（2）传入方式：ModuleList 接收一个子模块（或层，需属于nn.Module类）的列表作为输入，可以类似List那样进行append和extend操作。
（3）nn.ModuleList()底层代码理解：
net = nn.ModuleList([nn.Linear(784, 256), nn.ReLU()])
net.append(nn.Linear(256, 10)) # # 类似List的append操作
print(net[-1]) # 类似List的索引访问
print(net)（4）在forward中调用方式（列表中定义的网络顺序并不是真实的顺序，需要在forward函数中进行指定）：
class model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, ...):
super().__init__()
self.modulelist = ...
...
def forward(self, x):
for layer in self.modulelist:
x = layer(x)
return x1.2.3 ModuleDict
（1）对应模块：nn.ModuleDict()
（2）传入方式：通过定义字典型的网络传入
（3）nn.ModuleDict()底层代码理解：
net = nn.ModuleDict({
'linear': nn.Linear(784, 256),
'act': nn.ReLU(),
})
net['output'] = nn.Linear(256, 10) # 添加
print(net['linear']) # 访问
print(net.output)
print(net)1.3 三种方法的比较
（1）Sequential适用于快速验证结果
（2）ModuleList和ModuleDict在某个完全相同的层需要重复出现多次时，可以”一行顶多行“
2. 利用模型块快速搭建复杂网络——U-Net
2.1 U-Net模型架构图
2.2 U-Net模型块分析和模型块实现
2.2.1 Double Convolution
每个子块内部的两次卷积
class DoubleConv(nn.Module):
"""(convolution => [BN] => ReLU) * 2"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, mid_channels=None):
super().__init__()
if not mid_channels:
mid_channels = out_channels
self.double_conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, mid_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(mid_channels),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(mid_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
)
def forward(self, x):
return self.double_conv(x)2.2.2 Down
左侧模型块之间的下采样连接
class Down(nn.Module):
"""Downscaling with maxpool then double conv"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super().__init__()
self.maxpool_conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.MaxPool2d(2),
DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
)
def forward(self, x):
return self.maxpool_conv(x)2.2.3 Up
右侧模型块之间的上采样连接
class Up(nn.Module):
"""Upscaling then double conv"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, bilinear=False):
super().__init__()
# if bilinear, use the normal convolutions to reduce the number of channels
if bilinear:
self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels, in_channels // 2)
else:
self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
def forward(self, x1, x2):
x1 = self.up(x1)
# input is CHW
diffY = x2.size()[2] - x1.size()[2]
diffX = x2.size()[3] - x1.size()[3]
x1 = F.pad(x1, [diffX // 2, diffX - diffX // 2,
diffY // 2, diffY - diffY // 2])
x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
return self.conv(x)2.2.4 OutConv
输出层的处理
class OutConv(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super(OutConv, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)
def forward(self, x):
return self.conv(x)2.3 模型块组装U-Net
class UNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes, bilinear=False):
super(UNet, self).__init__()
self.n_channels = n_channels
self.n_classes = n_classes
self.bilinear = bilinear
self.inc = DoubleConv(n_channels, 64)
self.down1 = Down(64, 128)
self.down2 = Down(128, 256)
self.down3 = Down(256, 512)
factor = 2 if bilinear else 1
self.down4 = Down(512, 1024 // factor)
self.up1 = Up(1024, 512 // factor, bilinear)
self.up2 = Up(512, 256 // factor, bilinear)
self.up3 = Up(256, 128 // factor, bilinear)
self.up4 = Up(128, 64, bilinear)
self.outc = OutConv(64, n_classes)
def forward(self, x):
x1 = self.inc(x)
x2 = self.down1(x1)
x3 = self.down2(x2)
x4 = self.down3(x3)
x5 = self.down4(x4)
x = self.up1(x5, x4)
x = self.up2(x, x3)
x = self.up3(x, x2)
x = self.up4(x, x1)
logits = self.outc(x)
return logits3. PyTorch修改模型
下面是以模型ResNet50为基础，进行模型的修改展示，这里先对该模型结构进行查看。
import torchvision.models as models
net = models.resnet50()
print(net)
ResNet(
(conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
(maxpool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
(layer1): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv3): Conv2d(64, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn3): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
(downsample): Sequential(
(0): Conv2d(64, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
)
)
..............
(avgpool): AdaptiveAvgPool2d(output_size=(1, 1))
(fc): Linear(in_features=2048, out_features=1000, bias=True)
)
3.1 修改模型层
3.1.1 修改方式
对模型的输出进行修改，将输出节点1000改为10，并添加多层网络层。
3.1.2 修改代码
from collections import OrderedDict
classifier = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([('fc1', nn.Linear(2048, 128)),
('relu1', nn.ReLU()),
('dropout1',nn.Dropout(0.5)),
('fc2', nn.Linear(128, 10)),
('output', nn.Softmax(dim=1))
]))
net.fc = classifier3.2 添加外部输入
3.2.1 添加方式
利用resnet50模型结构，在倒数第二层增加一个额外的输入变量add_variable来辅助预测。
3.2.2 修改代码
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, net):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.net = net
self.relu = nn.ReLU()
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
self.fc_add = nn.Linear(1001, 10, bias=True)
self.output = nn.Softmax(dim=1)
def forward(self, x, add_variable):
x = self.net(x)
x = torch.cat((self.dropout(self.relu(x)), add_variable.unsqueeze(1)),1)
x = self.fc_add(x)
x = self.output(x)
return x
import torchvision.models as models
net = models.resnet50()
model = Model(net).cuda()
outputs = model(inputs, add_var)
3.3 添加额外输出
3.3.1 添加方式
输出1000维的倒数第二层和10维的最后一层结果
3.3.2 修改代码
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, net):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.net = net
self.relu = nn.ReLU()
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1000, 10, bias=True)
self.output = nn.Softmax(dim=1)
def forward(self, x, add_variable):
x1000 = self.net(x)
x10 = self.dropout(self.relu(x1000))
x10 = self.fc1(x10)
x10 = self.output(x10)
return x10, x1000
import torchvision.models as models
net = models.resnet50()
model = Model(net).cuda()
out10, out1000 = model(inputs, add_var)4. PyTorch模型保存与读取
4.1 模型存储格式
PyTorch存储模型主要采用pkl，pt，pth三种格式
4.2 模型存储内容
模型结构和权重
from torchvision import models
model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
# 保存整个模型
torch.save(model, save_dir)
# 保存模型权重
torch.save(model.state_dict, save_dir)4.3 单卡和多卡模型存储的区别
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' # 如果是多卡改成类似0,1,2
model = model.cuda() # 单卡
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model).cuda() # 多卡差别在于多卡并行的模型每层的名称前多了一个“module”
4.4 情况分类讨论
4.4.1 单卡保存+单卡加载
import os
import torch
from torchvision import models
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
model.cuda()
# 保存+读取整个模型
torch.save(model, save_dir)
loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model.cuda()
# 保存+读取模型权重
torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict
loaded_model.cuda()4.4.2 单卡保存+多卡加载
import os
import torch
from torchvision import models
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
model.cuda()
# 保存+读取整个模型
torch.save(model, save_dir)
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()
# 保存+读取模型权重
torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict
loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()4.4.3 多卡保存+单卡加载
import os
import torch
from torchvision import models
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
model = nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()
# 保存+读取整个模型
torch.save(model, save_dir)
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model = loaded_model.module4.4.4 多卡保存+多卡加载
多卡模式下建议使用权重的方式存储和读取模型
import os
import torch
from torchvision import models
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0,1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
model = nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()
# 保存+读取模型权重，强烈建议！！
torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()
loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict
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