可变对象与不可变对象
注:在验证的过程中,多用"+=“,少使用”=“,原因是”="可能产生浅拷贝,导致 i d id id意外改变
列表可变
x=[1,2]
before=id(x)
x.append(3)
after=id(x)
before,after
(2586290766272, 2586290766272)
元组不可变
x=(1,2)
before=id(x)
x+=(3,)
after=id(x)
before,after
(2586051836096, 2586386608448)
字典可变
x = {
'hjd': 'yyds',
}
before=id(x)
x.update({'zzy':'goddess'})
after=id(x)
before,after
(2586386611584, 2586386611584)
字符串不可变
x = 'hjdyyds'
before = id(x)
x += 'zyy'
after = id(x)
before, after
(2586052200880, 2586051969840)
数字不可变
x=1
before=id(x)
x+=1
after=id(x)
before,after
(2585941731632, 2585941731664)
n u m p y . n d a r r a y numpy.ndarray numpy.ndarray可变
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2])
before = id(x)
x += 1
after = id(x)
before,after
(2586052172848, 2586052172848)
t o r c h . T e n s o r torch.Tensor torch.Tensor可变
import torch
x=torch.tensor([1,2,3])
before=id(x)
x+=1
after=id(x)
before,after
(2586386628832, 2586386628832)
总结:除了一些 P y t h o n Python Python内置的数据类型,一般来说比较复杂的第三方库中的数据类型都是可变对象,这样做的目的是可变对象相比不可变对象来说,在一些情况下更不会引起新的内存空间的开辟,更加的节省内存。