BP-1-3 Introduction of C++

Chapter 01 Introduction of Programming

3. Introduction of C++

A C++ program must have a function named main defined in only one source document.

3.1 Lexer in C++

1. symbol set

   • letters
   • numbers
   • special characters
     

2. word

   • Identifier is composed of letters, numbers and underline. A legal identifier can’t start with a number and can’t be keyword.

     • Capital letter and lowercase letter is different.
     • There will be some common practice in defining a user-defined identifier. Following them will make your code more easier to be understood by others.

   • Keyword is predefined by the language itself and conveys some special and fixed meanings, which also has its own pattern of usage.

   • Literal is composed of numbers, characters and strings.

   • Operator describes the operation on data, which is also called operands.

   • Punctuation plays a role in syntax and semantics.

   When editing a C++ code, the words above sometimes need to be separated using white-space character.

   Comment is also a kind of white-space character, which does some illustration and demonstration to help the reader or other coder under stand the content.

   There are two ways of writing comments:

   //till the end of this line.
   /* between thiese two special forms, and can include multiple lines*/
   

   \ is called continuation character, which allows you two write your code on the next line when the current line is not long enough.

3.2 Procedure for the Running of a C++ Program

• editing

  • Use an editor to edit source code and store them in a document with a filename extension of .h or .cpp.
    

• compiling

  • Use a compiler(including a preprocessor, which will execute some part of the source code which is not actually a part of the C++ program) to translate the source code into the object code and store them in a document with a filename extension of .obj.

• linking

  • Use a linker to link all the files that make up the whole program and output an executive code stored in an executive document with a filename extension of .exe.
    

• executing/running