Java面向抽象，接口编程实验

1. 设计一个动物声音“模拟器”，希望模拟器可以模拟许多动物的叫声，要求如下。
   （1）编写一个接口Animal，Animal接口有2个抽象方法cry()和getAnimalName()，即要求实现该接口的各种具体的动物类给出自己的叫声和种类名称。
   （2）编写模拟器类Simulator，该类有一个playSound(Animal animal)方法，该方法的参数是Animal类型。即参数animal可以调用实现Animal接口类重写的cry()方法播放具体动物的声音，调用重写的getAnimalName()方法显示动物种类的名称。
   （3）编写实现Animal接口的Dog类和Cat类，下图是Simulator、Animal、Dog、Cat的UML图。
   （4）编写主类Application（用户程序），在主类Application的main方法中至少包含如下代码：

Simulator simulator=new Simulator();
simulator.playSound(new Dog());
simulator.playSound(new Cat());

Animal

public abstract class Animal {
	abstract void cry();

	abstract void getAnimalName();
}

Dog

public class Dog extends Animal {

	@Override
	void cry() {
		System.out.println("我是小脑斧");
	}

	@Override
	void getAnimalName() {
		System.out.println("我叫大黄");
	}

}

Cat

public class Cat extends Animal{

	@Override
	void cry() {
		System.out.println("我是小猫咪");
	}

	@Override
	void getAnimalName() {
		System.out.println("我叫小喵");
	}

}

Simulator

public class Simulator {
	public void playSound(Animal animal) {
		animal.cry();
		animal.getAnimalName();
	}
}

main

public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("----------------------");
		Simulator simulator = new Simulator();
		simulator.playSound(new Dog());
		simulator.playSound(new Cat());
	}

2. 设计一个简单的学校人事管理系统,管理教师和学生信息。实现教师与学生基本信息的添加、删除、修改、查询。其中编号、姓名、性别、出生日期为共有的，教师包括部门、职称、工资；学生包括高考分数、专业field、班级等。

BasicInfo

public class BasicInfo {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private String birthday;

	public BasicInfo(int id, String name, String gender, String birthday) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public String getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

}

Student

public class Student extends BasicInfo {
	private int grade;
	private int classes;
	private String field;

	public Student(int id, String name, String gender, String birthday) {
		super(id, name, gender, birthday);
	}

	public Student(int id, String name, String gender, String birthday, int grade, int classes, String field) {
		super(id, name, gender, birthday);
		this.grade = grade;
		this.classes = classes;
		this.field = field;
	}

	public int getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public void setGrade(int grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}

	public int getClasses() {
		return classes;
	}

	public void setClasses(int classes) {
		this.classes = classes;
	}

	public String getField() {
		return field;
	}

	public void getField(String professional) {
		this.field = field;
	}

	public void show() {
		System.out.println("编号：" + super.getId() + "，姓名：" + super.getName() + "，性别：" + super.getGender() + "，出生日期："
				+ super.getBirthday() + "，高考分数：" + grade + "，专业：" + field + "，班级：" + classes);
	}
}

Teacher

public class Teacher extends BasicInfo {
	private String department;
	private String job;
	private double salary;

	public Teacher(int id, String name, String gender, String birthday) {
		super(id, name, gender, birthday);
	}

	public Teacher(int id, String name, String gender, String birthday, String department, String job, double salary) {
		super(id, name, gender, birthday);
		this.department = department;
		this.job = job;
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public String getDepartment() {
		return department;
	}

	public void setDepartment(String department) {
		this.department = department;
	}

	public String getJob() {
		return job;
	}

	public void setJob(String job) {
		this.job = job;
	}

	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public void show() {
		System.out.println("编号：" + super.getId() + "，姓名：" + super.getName() + "，性别：" + super.getGender() + "，出生日期："
				+ super.getBirthday() + "，部门名称：" + department + "，职称：" + job + "，薪水：" + salary);
	}

}

SchoolManagerSystem

@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class SchoolManagerSystem {
	public static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
	// 创建集合对象，用于存储学生数据
	static ArrayList<Student> array = new ArrayList<Student>();
	// 创建集合对象，用于存储老师数据
	static ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray = new ArrayList<Teacher>();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 用Scanner实现键盘录入数据
		boolean flag = true;
		if (flag) {
			System.out.println("----欢迎来到学校人事管理系统,请先登录----");
			// 用循环完成再次回到主界面
			while (true) {
				// 用输出语句完成主界面的编写
				System.out.println("请根据对应序号进行选择");
				System.out.println("1 添加信息");
				System.out.println("2 删除信息");
				System.out.println("3 修改信息");
				System.out.println("4 查看信息");
				System.out.println("5 退出");
				System.out.println("请输入你的选择：");
				String line = sc.nextLine();
				// 用switch语句完成操作的选择
				switch (line) {
				case "1":
					chooseAdd(array, teacherArray);
					break;
				case "2":
					chooseDelete(array, teacherArray);
					break;
				case "3":
					chooseUpdate(array, teacherArray);
					break;
				case "4":
					chooseFindAll(array, teacherArray);
					break;
				case "5":
					System.out.println("谢谢使用");
					System.exit(0); // JVM退出
				default:
					System.out.println("没有对应的操作,请重新选择");
				}
			}
		}
	}

	public static void chooseAdd(ArrayList<Student> array, ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("输入添加的类别 1 添加学生 2 添加老师");
		if (sc.nextInt() == 1) {
			addStudent(array);
		} else {
			addTeacher(teacherArray);
		}
	}

	public static void chooseDelete(ArrayList<Student> array, ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("输入删除的类别 1 删除学生 2 删除老师");
		if (sc.nextInt() == 1) {
			deleteStudent(array);
		} else {
			deleteTeacher(teacherArray);
		}
	}

	public static void chooseUpdate(ArrayList<Student> array, ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("输入更新的类别 1 更新学生 2 更新老师");
		if (sc.nextInt() == 1) {
			updateStudent(array);
		} else {
			updateTeacher(teacherArray);
		}

	}

	public static void chooseFindAll(ArrayList<Student> array, ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("输入查找的类别 1 查找学生 2 查找老师");
		if (sc.nextInt() == 1) {
			findAllStudent(array);
		} else {
			findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
		}
	}

	// 定义一个方法，用于修改学生信息
	public static void updateStudent(ArrayList<Student> array) {
		if (array == null || array.size() == 0) {
			System.out.println("没有数据,请先添加再进行修改");
			return;
		}
		// 调用查询所有
		findAllStudent(array);
		// 键盘录入要修改的学生学号，显示提示信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入你要修改的学生的学号：");
		int id = sc.nextInt();
		boolean b = false;
		// 遍历集合修改对应的学生信息
		for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
			Student student = array.get(i);
			if (student.getId() == id) {
				student.show();
				System.out.println("输入学生信息并用,分隔: 编号,姓名,性别,生日,分数,班级,专业");
				Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(System.in);

				String[] strings = sc2.nextLine().split(",");
				// 键盘录入要修改的学生信息
				int updateId = Integer.parseInt(strings[0]);
				String name = strings[1];
				String gender = strings[2];
				String bir = strings[3];
				int grade = Integer.parseInt(strings[4]);
				int classes = Integer.parseInt(strings[5]);
				String pro = strings[6];
				Student newStudent = new Student(updateId, name, gender, bir, grade, classes, pro);
				array.set(i, newStudent);
				// 给出修改成功提示
				System.out.println("修改学生成功");
				b = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (b) {
			// 调用查询所有方法
			findAllStudent(array);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		} else {
			System.out.println("您要修改的学员不存在!");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}
	}

	public static void updateTeacher(ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		if (teacherArray == null || teacherArray.size() == 0) {
			System.out.println("没有数据,请先添加再进行修改");
			return;
		}
		// 调用查询所有
		findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
		// 键盘录入要修改的教师编号，显示提示信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入你要修改的教师的编号：");
		int id = sc.nextInt();
		boolean b = false;
		// 遍历集合修改对应的学生信息
		for (int i = 0; i < teacherArray.size(); i++) {
			Teacher teacher = teacherArray.get(i);
			teacher.show();
			if (teacher.getId() == id) {
				System.out.println("输入教师信息并用,分隔: 编号,姓名,性别,生日,部门,职称,工资");
				Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(System.in);
				String[] strings = sc2.nextLine().split(",");
				// 键盘录入要修改的教师信息
				String name = strings[1];
				String gender = strings[2];
				String bir = strings[3];
				String department = strings[4];
				String job = strings[5];
				double salary = Double.parseDouble(strings[6]);
				Teacher newTeacher = new Teacher(id, name, gender, bir, department, job, salary);
				teacherArray.set(i, newTeacher);
				// 给出修改成功提示
				System.out.println("修改老师成功");
				b = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (b) {
			// 调用查询所有方法
			findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		} else {
			System.out.println("您要修改的教师不存在!");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}

	}

	// 定义一个方法，用于删除学生信息
	public static void deleteStudent(ArrayList<Student> array) {
		if (!checkStudent(array)) {
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("------------无数据,请先添加-------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			return;
		}
		findAllStudent(array);
		// 键盘录入要删除的学生学号,显示提示信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入你要删除的学生的学号：");
		int id = sc.nextInt();
		// 在删除/修改学生操作前，对学号是否存在进行判断
		// 如果不存在，显示提示信息
		// 如果存在，执行删除/修改操作
		int index = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
			Student s = array.get(i);
			if (s.getId() == id) {
				// int index = i;
				index = i; // 把集合的索引赋值给 变量
				break;
			}
		}
		if (index == -1) {
			System.out.println("该信息不存在，请重新输入");
		} else {
			array.remove(index); // 根据索引删除集合的元素
			// 给出删除成功提示
			System.out.println("删除学生成功");
			findAllStudent(array);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}
	}

	public static void deleteTeacher(ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {

		if (!checkTeacher(teacherArray)) {
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("------------无数据,请先添加-------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			return;
		}

		findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
		// 键盘录入要删除的老师学号,显示提示信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入你要删除的教师的学号：");
		int id = sc.nextInt();
		// 在删除/修改教师操作前，对教师编号是否存在进行判断
		// 如果不存在，显示提示信息
		// 如果存在，执行删除/修改操作
		int index = -1;
		for (int i = 0; i < teacherArray.size(); i++) {
			Teacher t = teacherArray.get(i);
			if (t.getId() == id) {
				// int index = i;
				index = i; // 把集合的索引赋值给 变量
				break;
			}
		}
		if (index == -1) {
			System.out.println("该信息不存在，请重新输入");
		} else {
			teacherArray.remove(index); // 根据索引删除集合的元素
			// 给出删除成功提示
			System.out.println("删除老师成功");
			findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}

	}

	public static void addStudent(ArrayList<Student> array) {
		System.out.println("输入学生信息并用,分隔: 编号,姓名,性别,生日,分数,班级,专业");
		// 键盘录入学生对象所需要的数据,显示提示信息，提示要输入何种信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

		String[] strings = sc.nextLine().split(",");
		if (strings.equals(" ")) {
			System.out.println("请输入信息");
		} else {
			int id = Integer.parseInt(strings[0]);
			String name = strings[1];
			String gender = strings[2];
			String bir = strings[3];
			int grade = Integer.parseInt(strings[4]);
			int classes = Integer.parseInt(strings[5]);
			String field = strings[6];
			Student student = new Student(id, name, gender, bir, grade, classes, field);
			array.add(student);
			System.out.println("添加学生成功");
			// 调用查询所有方法
			findAllStudent(array);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}
	}

	public static void addTeacher(ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		System.out.println("输入教师信息并用,分隔: 编号,姓名,性别,生日,部门,职称,工资");
		// 键盘录入老师对象所需要的数据,显示提示信息，提示要输入何种信息
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

		String[] strings = sc.nextLine().split(",");
		if (strings.equals(" ")) {
			System.out.println("请输入信息");
		} else {
			int id = Integer.parseInt(strings[0]);
			String name = strings[1];
			String gender = strings[2];
			String bir = strings[3];
			String department = strings[4];
			String job = strings[5];
			double salary = Double.parseDouble(strings[6]);
			Teacher teacher = new Teacher(id, name, gender, bir, department, job, salary);
			teacherArray.add(teacher);
			System.out.println("添加老师成功");
			// 调用查询所有方法
			findAllTeacher(teacherArray);
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
			System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		}
	}

	// 定义一个方法，用于查看学生信息
	public static void findAllStudent(ArrayList<Student> array) {
		// 判断集合中是否有数据，如果没有显示提示信息
		if (array.size() == 0) {
			System.out.println("无信息，请先添加信息再查询");
			// 为了让程序不在往下执行，给出return;
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
			Student s = array.get(i);
			s.show();
		}
		System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
	}

	// 定义一个方法，用于查看学生信息
	public static void findAllTeacher(ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		// 判断集合中是否有数据，如果没有显示提示信息
		if (teacherArray.size() == 0) {
			System.out.println("无信息，请先添加信息再查询");
			// 为了让程序不在往下执行，给出return;
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < teacherArray.size(); i++) {
			Teacher t = teacherArray.get(i);
			t.show();
		}
		System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
	}

	public static boolean checkStudent(ArrayList<Student> array) {
		if (array == null || array.size() == 0) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	public static boolean checkTeacher(ArrayList<Teacher> teacherArray) {
		if (teacherArray == null || teacherArray.size() == 0) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

}

3.设计 3 个类 , 分别是学生类 Student, 本科生类 Undergaduate, 研究生类 Postgraduate, 其中 Student 类是一个抽象类 , 它包含一些基本的学生信息如姓名、所学课程、课程成绩等 , 而 Undergraduate 类和 Postgraduate 都是 Student 类的子类 , 它们之间的主要差别是计算课程成绩等级的方法有所不同 , 研究生的标准要比本科生的标准高一些 , 如下表所示。
本科生标准 研究生标准
80-100 优秀 90-100 优秀
70-80 良好 80-90 良好
60-70 一般 70-80 一般
50-60 及格 60-70 及格
50以下 不及格 60以下 不及格
假设某班级里既有本科生也有研究生 , 请编写程序统计出全班学生的成绩等级并显示出来。此题关键是设计一个学生数组 , 既能存放本科生对象 , 又能存放研究生对象。

Student

public abstract class Student {
	private String name;

	private String course;

	private int score;

	public Student(String name, String course, int score) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.course = course;
		this.score = score;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getCourse() {
		return course;
	}

	public void setCourse(String course) {
		this.course = course;
	}

	public int getScore() {
		return score;
	}

	public void setScore(int score) {
		this.score = score;
	}
	
}

Postgraduate

public class Postgraduate extends Student {

	public Postgraduate(String name, String course, int score) {
		super(name, course, score);
		if (score > 90 && score <= 100) {
			System.out.println("优秀");
		} else if (score > 80 && score <= 90) {
			System.out.println("良好");
		} else if (score > 70 && score <= 80) {
			System.out.println("一般");
		} else if (score > 60 && score <= 70) {
			System.out.println("及格");
		}
	}

}

Undergaduate

public class Undergaduate extends Student {
	public Undergaduate(String name, String course, int score) {
		super(name, course, score);
		if (score > 80 && score <= 100) {
			System.out.println("优秀");
		} else if (score > 70 && score <= 80) {
			System.out.println("良好");
		} else if (score > 60 && score <= 70) {
			System.out.println("一般");
		} else if (score > 50 && score <= 60) {
			System.out.println("及格");
		}
	}
}

TestStudent

public class TestStudent {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student student[] = { new Undergaduate("小红", "Math", 100), new Postgraduate("小芳", "English", 70) };
		for (int i = 0; i < student.length; i++) {
			System.out.println(
					"姓名：" + student[i].getName() + "，学科：" + student[i].getCourse() + "，分数:" + student[i].getScore());
		}
	}
}