【Linux下安装Mysql】

步骤：

一、下载Mysql的安装包

检查当前linux系统中是否已经安装了mysql或者mariadb

• 在安装mysql之前，我们需要先确保当前系统中，没有安装mysql或者mariadb，如果有需要先删除掉。
• 使用命令：rpm -qa | grep mysql 和rpm -qa | grep mariadb
  
• 删除mariadb
• 使用命令：yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

//删除mariadb数据库
[root@localhost bin]# yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

将mysql的安装包传到linux上

• 下载这个，然后使用xftp传到虚拟机中
  
• 或者使用weget命令直接下载到linux中

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

二、解压mysql8.0安装包

1. 解压安装包

• 在目录/usr/local目录下创建新的目录叫mysql ,mysql安装包解压之后都放到这个目录中

[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local

[root@localhost local]# mkdir mysql

• 进入目录/opt/softwareJar

root@localhost softwareJar]# cd /opt/softwareJar

• 解压mysql安装包 ，解压后的文件都放在/usr/local/mysql目录中

[root@localhost softwareJar]# tar -xvJf mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/mysql

2.文件重命名

• 将解压后的文件重命名，因为实在是太长了 ，改名为mysql-8.0

[root@localhost mysql]#  cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mv mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  mysql-8.0

3.创建data存储目录

//进入这个解压之后的文件的目录
[root@localhost mysql-8.0]#  cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0
//创建一个data目录，用于存放表的信息，还有其他的一些信息
[root@localhost mysql-8.0]#  mkdir data

三、创建用户和用户组，并赋予权限

1.创建用户和用户组

//创建一个组叫mysql
groupadd mysql
 //创建一个用户叫mysql,并加到mysql这个组中
useradd -g mysql mysql

2.给用户赋予权限

//设置/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0目录的所有者和所在组是mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0

四、初始化mysql信息

1.切换到mysql8.0安装路径下的bin目录

[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin

2.初始化mysql基本信息

basedir : mysql的安装目录
datadir : mysql中的data目录

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/data/ --initialize

3、获取到临时mysql登录的密码

记录下来这个密码

五、添加mysqld服务到系统

1.将mysqld服务添加到系统中

//进入mysql安装目录
[root@localhost mysql-8.0]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0
//将该目录下的support-files/mysql.server文件拷贝一份放到/etc/init.d/mysqld目录中
//放到/etc/init.d/目录下的就是添加的系统服务
[root@localhost mysql-8.0]#  cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

2.授权以及添加服务

[root@localhost mysql-8.0]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost mysql-8.0]# chkconfig --add mysqld

3.创建mysql的配置文件my.cnf

• mysql5.7以后就没有my.cnf了，所以我们需要自己手动创建一个，将它创建在/etc/my.cnf这个地方，默认mysql启动的时候会来读取这个配置文件

[root@localhost etc]# cd etc
[root@localhost etc]# touch my.cnf
[root@localhost etc]# vim my.cnf

# Example MySQL config file for small systems.  
#  
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used  
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon  
# doesn't use much resources.  
#  
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
# You can copy this option file to one of those  
# locations. For information about these locations, see:  
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  
#  
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
# with the "--help" option.  
 
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
[client]  
default-character-set=utf8  
#password   = k0Ui&wV(Z3yt
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
 
# Here follows entries for some specific programs  
 
# The MySQL server   
[mysqld]  
server-id=101 #服务器唯一标识 
#配置mysql的文件夹 和 mysql data目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0/data
default-storage-engine=INNODB  
character-set-server=utf8  
collation-server=utf8_general_ci  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
skip-external-locking  
key_buffer_size = 16K  
max_allowed_packet = 1M  
table_open_cache = 4 
sort_buffer_size = 64K  
read_buffer_size = 256K  
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K  
net_buffer_length = 2K  
thread_stack = 128K  
 
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  
#   
#skip-networking  
 
 
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates  
#log-bin=mysql-bin  
 
# binary logging format - mixed recommended  
#binlog_format=mixed  
 
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be  
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that  
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional  
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM  
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.  
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE  
 
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 
 
[mysqldump]  
quick  
max_allowed_packet = 16M  
 
[mysql]  
no-auto-rehash  
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
#safe-updates  
 
[myisamchk]  
key_buffer_size = 8M  
sort_buffer_size = 8M  
 
[mysqlhotcopy]  
interactive-timeout

 

• 设置一下配置文件的权限

 chmod 664 /etc/my.cnf

4.启动mysql服务

service mysqld start

如果上面的方法不行,使用下面的方法进行启动服务

systemctl start mysqld

5. 查看服务是否正常启动

ps -ef|grep mysql

6. 配置环境变量

• 使用vim编辑器编辑文件/etc/profile文件，这个文件中专门配置环境变量
  
• 配置完成之后，保存退出，使用命令重新加载一下该配置文件source /etc/profile

六、登录mysql

1.登录使用开始随机生成的密码进行登录，账号为root

//可以在任意目录执行mysql命令，因为配置了环境变量
[root@localhost /]# mysql  mysql -uroot -p

2.修改管理员密码 密码自定义设置

//设置root账号密码为123123
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123123';

3.重新加载缓存，使密码生效

mysql> flush privileges；

七、修改mysql配置，使其可以用工具远程登录

步骤：1.

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';

mysql> flush privileges;

2. 开放3306端口，这样在windows中也可以访问到该数据库

//这是直接开启3306端口
[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 
//重新加载一下防火墙
[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --reload 

//查看当前防火墙开放的端口号
[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports

这样远端可以通过linux虚拟机的ip地址，通过端口3306，还有linux系统中的root账号和对应密码来访问该数据库

八、退出登录，结束mysql服务

mysql> exit
Bye
//任意目录执行下面的这个命令，结束mysql服务
[root@localhost /]#mysqladmin -p 6379 shutdown
Enter password: