postgres 源码解析47 元组的删除流程 heap_delete

本文将从源码层讲解postgres元组的删除流程，实现的本质设置xmax和相关标识位字段信息，逻辑上对外显示删除不可见。

关键数据结构

执行流程

/*
 *	heap_delete - delete a tuple
 *
 * See table_tuple_delete() for an explanation of the parameters, except that
 * this routine directly takes a tuple rather than a slot.
 *
 * In the failure cases, the routine fills *tmfd with the tuple's t_ctid,
 * t_xmax (resolving a possible MultiXact, if necessary), and t_cmax (the last
 * only for TM_SelfModified, since we cannot obtain cmax from a combo CID
 * generated by another transaction).
 */
TM_Result
heap_delete(Relation relation, ItemPointer tid,
			CommandId cid, Snapshot crosscheck, bool wait,
			TM_FailureData *tmfd, bool changingPart)
{
	TM_Result	result;
	TransactionId xid = GetCurrentTransactionId();			// 写操作事务均需要获取事务号
	ItemId		lp;
	HeapTupleData tp;
	Page		page;
	BlockNumber block;
	Buffer		buffer;
	Buffer		vmbuffer = InvalidBuffer;
	TransactionId new_xmax;
	uint16		new_infomask,
				new_infomask2;
	bool		have_tuple_lock = false;
	bool		iscombo;
	bool		all_visible_cleared = false;
	HeapTuple	old_key_tuple = NULL;	/* replica identity of the tuple */
	bool		old_key_copied = false;

	Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(tid));                        // 删除元组的 tid上层函数传入

	/*
	 * Forbid this during a parallel operation, lest it allocate a combo CID.
	 * Other workers might need that combo CID for visibility checks, and we
	 * have no provision for broadcasting it to them.
	 */
	 // 删除一条元组禁止开并行模式
	if (IsInParallelMode())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE),
				 errmsg("cannot delete tuples during a parallel operation")));

	// 根据元组的 tid确定块号，并根据块号和 relation 描述符将数据块加载时共享缓冲区中buffer，获取页地址
	block = ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(tid);
	buffer = ReadBuffer(relation, block);
	page = BufferGetPage(buffer);

	/*
	 * Before locking the buffer, pin the visibility map page if it appears to
	 * be necessary.  Since we haven't got the lock yet, someone else might be
	 * in the middle of changing this, so we'll need to recheck after we have
	 * the lock.
	 */
	 // 由于删除元组，势必会修改VM对应标识位，如果数据页含有 allvisible标记，则需要将数据页对应的VM页加载至
	 // vmbuffer(pin住)
	if (PageIsAllVisible(page))
		visibilitymap_pin(relation, block, &vmbuffer);

	// 对 buffer施加排他锁
	LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);

	/*
	 * If we didn't pin the visibility map page and the page has become all
	 * visible while we were busy locking the buffer, we'll have to unlock and
	 * re-lock, to avoid holding the buffer lock across an I/O.  That's a bit
	 * unfortunate, but hopefully shouldn't happen often.
	 */
	 // 在获取上述缓冲块排他锁期间，可能有其他进程将对应的VM 数据页标记信息更新为 allvisible,那么此时
	 // 需要释放buffer 排他锁，pin住 vmbuffer,后在此获取buffer排他锁。，其目的是为了防止在持有buffer
	 // 排他锁行执行 io (加载vm page 至 vmbuffer)
	if (vmbuffer == InvalidBuffer && PageIsAllVisible(page))
	{
		LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
		visibilitymap_pin(relation, block, &vmbuffer);
		LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
	}

	// 获取偏移量为tid的元组相关信息 
	lp = PageGetItemId(page, ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(tid));
	Assert(ItemIdIsNormal(lp));

	tp.t_tableOid = RelationGetRelid(relation);
	tp.t_data = (HeapTupleHeader) PageGetItem(page, lp);
	tp.t_len = ItemIdGetLength(lp);
	tp.t_self = *tid;

l1:
	// 可见性判断：根据其结果判断元组是否满足被更新/删除
	result = HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate(&tp, cid, buffer);
	
	// 元组不可见，报错
	if (result == TM_Invisible)
	{
		UnlockReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
				 errmsg("attempted to delete invisible tuple")));
	}
	// 该元组正在被更新，且等待
	else if (result == TM_BeingModified && wait)
	{
		TransactionId xwait;
		uint16		infomask;

		/* must copy state data before unlocking buffer */
		// 获取 元组的xmax和 infomask，此时并不知道 xmax是单纯的事务号还是 MultiXactId
		xwait = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tp.t_data);
		infomask = tp.t_data->t_infomask;

		/*
		 * Sleep until concurrent transaction ends -- except when there's a
		 * single locker and it's our own transaction.  Note we don't care
		 * which lock mode the locker has, because we need the strongest one.
		 *
		 * Before sleeping, we need to acquire tuple lock to establish our
		 * priority for the tuple (see heap_lock_tuple).  LockTuple will
		 * release us when we are next-in-line for the tuple.
		 *
		 * If we are forced to "start over" below, we keep the tuple lock;
		 * this arranges that we stay at the head of the line while rechecking
		 * tuple state.
		 */
		 // 如果是 MultiXactId
		if (infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI)
		{
			bool		current_is_member = false;

		// 判断 MultiXactId中保存的锁模式是否与 LockTupleExclusive冲突，冲突则
			if (DoesMultiXactIdConflict((MultiXactId) xwait, infomask,
										LockTupleExclusive, &current_is_member))
			{
				LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);

				/*
				 * Acquire the lock, if necessary (but skip it when we're
				 * requesting a lock and already have one; avoids deadlock).
				 */
				 // 如果当前事务不属于MultiXactId成员，则需获取元组级常规锁，反之无需获取，
				 // 其目的是避免死锁
				if (!current_is_member)
					heap_acquire_tuplock(relation, &(tp.t_self), LockTupleExclusive,
										 LockWaitBlock, &have_tuple_lock);

				/* wait for multixact */
				// 等待冲突的事务完成
				MultiXactIdWait((MultiXactId) xwait, MultiXactStatusUpdate, infomask,
								relation, &(tp.t_self), XLTW_Delete,
								NULL);
				LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);

				/*
				 * If xwait had just locked the tuple then some other xact
				 * could update this tuple before we get to this point.  Check
				 * for xmax change, and start over if so.
				 */
				 // 如果元组的 infomask被其他事务更新，则需重新进行上述操作
				if (xmax_infomask_changed(tp.t_data->t_infomask, infomask) ||
					!TransactionIdEquals(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tp.t_data),
										 xwait))
					goto l1;
			}

			/*
			 * You might think the multixact is necessarily done here, but not
			 * so: it could have surviving members, namely our own xact or
			 * other subxacts of this backend.  It is legal for us to delete
			 * the tuple in either case, however (the latter case is
			 * essentially a situation of upgrading our former shared lock to
			 * exclusive).  We don't bother changing the on-disk hint bits
			 * since we are about to overwrite the xmax altogether.
			 */
		}
		// xwait 是单一事务号，且不是当前事务号
		else if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xwait))
		{
			/*
			 * Wait for regular transaction to end; but first, acquire tuple
			 * lock.
			 */
			 // 获取元组级常规锁，等待其他事务的更新操作 
			LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
			heap_acquire_tuplock(relation, &(tp.t_self), LockTupleExclusive,
								 LockWaitBlock, &have_tuple_lock);
			XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &(tp.t_self), XLTW_Delete);
			LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);

			/*
			 * xwait is done, but if xwait had just locked the tuple then some
			 * other xact could update this tuple before we get to this point.
			 * Check for xmax change, and start over if so.
			 */
			 // 如果其他事务更新元组，则需回到 l1程序点进行相关操作
			if (xmax_infomask_changed(tp.t_data->t_infomask, infomask) ||
				!TransactionIdEquals(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tp.t_data),
									 xwait))
				goto l1;

			/* Otherwise check if it committed or aborted */
			// 更新元组的 HintBit标识位信息
			UpdateXmaxHintBits(tp.t_data, buffer, xwait);
		}

		/*
		 * We may overwrite if previous xmax aborted, or if it committed but
		 * only locked the tuple without updating it.
		 */
		 // 如果 xmax意外终止或者提交但是被他人锁住（未更新）
		if ((tp.t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID) ||
			HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tp.t_data->t_infomask) ||
			HeapTupleHeaderIsOnlyLocked(tp.t_data))
			result = TM_Ok;
		else if (!ItemPointerEquals(&tp.t_self, &tp.t_data->t_ctid))
			result = TM_Updated;
		else
			result = TM_Deleted;
	}

	if (crosscheck != InvalidSnapshot && result == TM_Ok)
	{
		/* Perform additional check for transaction-snapshot mode RI updates */
		if (!HeapTupleSatisfiesVisibility(&tp, crosscheck, buffer))
			result = TM_Updated;
	}

	if (result != TM_Ok)
	{
		Assert(result == TM_SelfModified ||
			   result == TM_Updated ||
			   result == TM_Deleted ||
			   result == TM_BeingModified);
		Assert(!(tp.t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID));
		Assert(result != TM_Updated ||
			   !ItemPointerEquals(&tp.t_self, &tp.t_data->t_ctid));
		tmfd->ctid = tp.t_data->t_ctid;
		tmfd->xmax = HeapTupleHeaderGetUpdateXid(tp.t_data);
		if (result == TM_SelfModified)
			tmfd->cmax = HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tp.t_data);
		else
			tmfd->cmax = InvalidCommandId;
		UnlockReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		if (have_tuple_lock)
			UnlockTupleTuplock(relation, &(tp.t_self), LockTupleExclusive);
		if (vmbuffer != InvalidBuffer)
			ReleaseBuffer(vmbuffer);
		return result;
	}

	/*
	 * We're about to do the actual delete -- check for conflict first, to
	 * avoid possibly having to roll back work we've just done.
	 *
	 * This is safe without a recheck as long as there is no possibility of
	 * another process scanning the page between this check and the delete
	 * being visible to the scan (i.e., an exclusive buffer content lock is
	 * continuously held from this point until the tuple delete is visible).
	 */
	 // 序列化冲突检查
	CheckForSerializableConflictIn(relation, tid, BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer));

	/* replace cid with a combo CID if necessary */
	HeapTupleHeaderAdjustCmax(tp.t_data, &cid, &iscombo);

	/*
	 * Compute replica identity tuple before entering the critical section so
	 * we don't PANIC upon a memory allocation failure.
	 */
	old_key_tuple = ExtractReplicaIdentity(relation, &tp, true, &old_key_copied);

	/*
	 * If this is the first possibly-multixact-able operation in the current
	 * transaction, set my per-backend OldestMemberMXactId setting. We can be
	 * certain that the transaction will never become a member of any older
	 * MultiXactIds than that.  (We have to do this even if we end up just
	 * using our own TransactionId below, since some other backend could
	 * incorporate our XID into a MultiXact immediately afterwards.)
	 */
	MultiXactIdSetOldestMember();
	// 计算新的xmax + infomask + infomask2
	compute_new_xmax_infomask(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tp.t_data),
							  tp.t_data->t_infomask, tp.t_data->t_infomask2,
							  xid, LockTupleExclusive, true,
							  &new_xmax, &new_infomask, &new_infomask2);

	START_CRIT_SECTION();
	// 临界区
	/*
	 * If this transaction commits, the tuple will become DEAD sooner or
	 * later.  Set flag that this page is a candidate for pruning once our xid
	 * falls below the OldestXmin horizon.  If the transaction finally aborts,
	 * the subsequent page pruning will be a no-op and the hint will be
	 * cleared.
	 */
	PageSetPrunable(page, xid);
	
	// 首先清除元组对应数据页 和 vm 页的all visible标识位
	if (PageIsAllVisible(page))
	{
		all_visible_cleared = true;
		PageClearAllVisible(page);
		visibilitymap_clear(relation, BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer),
							vmbuffer, VISIBILITYMAP_VALID_BITS);
	}
	// 更新元组头等相关信息
	/* store transaction information of xact deleting the tuple */
	tp.t_data->t_infomask &= ~(HEAP_XMAX_BITS | HEAP_MOVED);
	tp.t_data->t_infomask2 &= ~HEAP_KEYS_UPDATED;
	tp.t_data->t_infomask |= new_infomask;
	tp.t_data->t_infomask2 |= new_infomask2;
	HeapTupleHeaderClearHotUpdated(tp.t_data);
	HeapTupleHeaderSetXmax(tp.t_data, new_xmax);
	HeapTupleHeaderSetCmax(tp.t_data, cid, iscombo);
	/* Make sure there is no forward chain link in t_ctid */
	tp.t_data->t_ctid = tp.t_self;

	/* Signal that this is actually a move into another partition */
	if (changingPart)
		HeapTupleHeaderSetMovedPartitions(tp.t_data);

	MarkBufferDirty(buffer);

	/*
	 * XLOG stuff
	 *
	 * NB: heap_abort_speculative() uses the same xlog record and replay
	 * routines.
	 */
	 // 写XLOG日志，奔溃恢复
	if (RelationNeedsWAL(relation))
	{
		xl_heap_delete xlrec;
		xl_heap_header xlhdr;
		XLogRecPtr	recptr;

		/*
		 * For logical decode we need combo CIDs to properly decode the
		 * catalog
		 */
		if (RelationIsAccessibleInLogicalDecoding(relation))
			log_heap_new_cid(relation, &tp);

		xlrec.flags = 0;
		if (all_visible_cleared)
			xlrec.flags |= XLH_DELETE_ALL_VISIBLE_CLEARED;
		if (changingPart)
			xlrec.flags |= XLH_DELETE_IS_PARTITION_MOVE;
		xlrec.infobits_set = compute_infobits(tp.t_data->t_infomask,
											  tp.t_data->t_infomask2);
		xlrec.offnum = ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(&tp.t_self);
		xlrec.xmax = new_xmax;

		if (old_key_tuple != NULL)
		{
			if (relation->rd_rel->relreplident == REPLICA_IDENTITY_FULL)
				xlrec.flags |= XLH_DELETE_CONTAINS_OLD_TUPLE;
			else
				xlrec.flags |= XLH_DELETE_CONTAINS_OLD_KEY;
		}

		XLogBeginInsert();
		XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfHeapDelete);

		XLogRegisterBuffer(0, buffer, REGBUF_STANDARD);

		/*
		 * Log replica identity of the deleted tuple if there is one
		 */
		if (old_key_tuple != NULL)
		{
			xlhdr.t_infomask2 = old_key_tuple->t_data->t_infomask2;
			xlhdr.t_infomask = old_key_tuple->t_data->t_infomask;
			xlhdr.t_hoff = old_key_tuple->t_data->t_hoff;

			XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlhdr, SizeOfHeapHeader);
			XLogRegisterData((char *) old_key_tuple->t_data
							 + SizeofHeapTupleHeader,
							 old_key_tuple->t_len
							 - SizeofHeapTupleHeader);
		}

		/* filtering by origin on a row level is much more efficient */
		XLogSetRecordFlags(XLOG_INCLUDE_ORIGIN);

		recptr = XLogInsert(RM_HEAP_ID, XLOG_HEAP_DELETE);

		PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
	}

	END_CRIT_SECTION();
	// 退出临界区 + 释放锁+内存资源
	LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);

	if (vmbuffer != InvalidBuffer)
		ReleaseBuffer(vmbuffer);

	/*
	 * If the tuple has toasted out-of-line attributes, we need to delete
	 * those items too.  We have to do this before releasing the buffer
	 * because we need to look at the contents of the tuple, but it's OK to
	 * release the content lock on the buffer first.
	 */
	if (relation->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION &&
		relation->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_MATVIEW)
	{
		/* toast table entries should never be recursively toasted */
		Assert(!HeapTupleHasExternal(&tp));
	}
	else if (HeapTupleHasExternal(&tp))
		heap_toast_delete(relation, &tp, false);

	/*
	 * Mark tuple for invalidation from system caches at next command
	 * boundary. We have to do this before releasing the buffer because we
	 * need to look at the contents of the tuple.
	 */
	 // 将删除元组在内存中对应的 cache 标记为无效 ==> 普通表元组不执行，系统表元组会标记
	CacheInvalidateHeapTuple(relation, &tp, NULL);

	/* Now we can release the buffer */
	ReleaseBuffer(buffer);

	/*
	 * Release the lmgr tuple lock, if we had it.
	 */
	if (have_tuple_lock)
		UnlockTupleTuplock(relation, &(tp.t_self), LockTupleExclusive);

	pgstat_count_heap_delete(relation);

	if (old_key_tuple != NULL && old_key_copied)
		heap_freetuple(old_key_tuple);

	return TM_Ok;
}

2 HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate

该函数主要用于并发更新判断元组的状态，并根据元组的状态继续执行后续的操作。其中元组的状态类型如下：

其执行流程如下：

              HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate元组可见性判断（局部）

源代码：

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate
 *
 *	This function returns a more detailed result code than most of the
 *	functions in this file, since UPDATE needs to know more than "is it
 *	visible?".  It also allows for user-supplied CommandId rather than
 *	relying on CurrentCommandId.
 *
 *	The possible return codes are:
 *
 *	TM_Invisible: the tuple didn't exist at all when the scan started, e.g. it
 *	was created by a later CommandId.
 *
 *	TM_Ok: The tuple is valid and visible, so it may be updated.
 *
 *	TM_SelfModified: The tuple was updated by the current transaction, after
 *	the current scan started.
 *
 *	TM_Updated: The tuple was updated by a committed transaction (including
 *	the case where the tuple was moved into a different partition).
 *
 *	TM_Deleted: The tuple was deleted by a committed transaction.
 *
 *	TM_BeingModified: The tuple is being updated by an in-progress transaction
 *	other than the current transaction.  (Note: this includes the case where
 *	the tuple is share-locked by a MultiXact, even if the MultiXact includes
 *	the current transaction.  Callers that want to distinguish that case must
 *	test for it themselves.)
 */
TM_Result
HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate(HeapTuple htup, CommandId curcid,
						 Buffer buffer)
{
	HeapTupleHeader tuple = htup->t_data;

	Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(&htup->t_self));
	Assert(htup->t_tableOid != InvalidOid);

	// xmin未提交
	if (!HeapTupleHeaderXminCommitted(tuple))
	{
	// xmin 无效
		if (HeapTupleHeaderXminInvalid(tuple))
			return TM_Invisible;

	    . . . 
	    // 插入元组操作当前事务
		else if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmin(tuple)))
		{
		// 此元组命令id > 当前执行命令 id, 在快照获取后执行元祖插入操作，则不可见
			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(tuple) >= curcid)
				return TM_Invisible;	/* inserted after scan started */

		// 在快照获取前插入且xmax 无效，插入成功
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return TM_Ok;
		// 元组被锁住
			if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
			{
				TransactionId xmax;

		// 获取元组 xmax信息
				xmax = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple);

				/*
				 * Careful here: even though this tuple was created by our own
				 * transaction, it might be locked by other transactions, if
				 * the original version was key-share locked when we updated
				 * it.
				 */
		// xmax为 MultiXact  若 MultiXact在运行，表明正在被修改，否则修改完成，元组可见
				if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI)
				{
					if (MultiXactIdIsRunning(xmax, true))
						return TM_BeingModified;
					else
						return TM_Ok;
				}

				/*
				 * If the locker is gone, then there is nothing of interest
				 * left in this Xmax; otherwise, report the tuple as
				 * locked/updated.
				 */
				 // 单一事务号且完成，则可见，反之正在被更新
				if (!TransactionIdIsInProgress(xmax))
					return TM_Ok;
				return TM_BeingModified;
			}
	
		// xmax为 MultiXact 
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI)
			{
				TransactionId xmax;

				xmax = HeapTupleGetUpdateXid(tuple);
		
	 	// 未被锁 
				/* not LOCKED_ONLY, so it has to have an xmax */
				Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(xmax));

				/* deleting subtransaction must have aborted */
				// xmax 不是当前事务，若xmax在运行，则表明元组正在被更新，反之可见
				if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xmax))
				{
					if (MultiXactIdIsRunning(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple),
											 false))
						return TM_BeingModified;
					return TM_Ok;
				}
				else
				{
					// 根据快照生成顺序进行判断
					if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= curcid)
						return TM_SelfModified; /* updated after scan started */
					else
						return TM_Invisible;	/* updated before scan started */
				}
			}
		
		// 如果元组 xmax 不是当前事务，表明元组被abort
			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple)))
			{
				/* deleting subtransaction must have aborted */
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return TM_Ok;
			}

			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= curcid)
				return TM_SelfModified; /* updated after scan started */
			else
				return TM_Invisible;	/* updated before scan started */
		}
		// xmin 正在运行，元组不可见；若commit,则设置commit标识位,反之设置HEAP_XMIN_INVALID
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmin(tuple)))
			return TM_Invisible;
		else if (TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmin(tuple)))
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
						HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmin(tuple));
		else
		{
			/* it must have aborted or crashed */
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
						InvalidTransactionId);
			return TM_Invisible;
		}
	}

	/* by here, the inserting transaction has committed */
	// xmain 提交，可见
	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid or aborted */
		return TM_Ok;
	// xmax 提交
	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED)
	{
	// 元组被锁住，可见； 未锁情况，若 TID发生变化，则已被更新，若 TID 未变，则已被删除
		if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
			return TM_Ok;
		if (!ItemPointerEquals(&htup->t_self, &tuple->t_ctid))
			return TM_Updated;	/* updated by other */
		else
			return TM_Deleted;	/* deleted by other */
	}
	// xmax 为 MultiXactId
	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI)
	{
		TransactionId xmax;

		if (HEAP_LOCKED_UPGRADED(tuple->t_infomask))
			return TM_Ok;
	// 被锁住，且正在运行则表明元组正在被更新，不在运行可见
		if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
		{
			if (MultiXactIdIsRunning(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple), true))
				return TM_BeingModified;

			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID, InvalidTransactionId);
			return TM_Ok;
		}
	
		xmax = HeapTupleGetUpdateXid(tuple);
		if (!TransactionIdIsValid(xmax))
		{
			if (MultiXactIdIsRunning(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple), false))
				return TM_BeingModified;
		}

		/* not LOCKED_ONLY, so it has to have an xmax */
		Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(xmax));
        // xmax为当前事务，根据快获取时机进行可见性判断，见上述相关代码
		if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xmax))
		{
			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= curcid)
				return TM_SelfModified; /* updated after scan started */
			else
				return TM_Invisible;	/* updated before scan started */
		}

		if (MultiXactIdIsRunning(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple), false))
			return TM_BeingModified;
		
		// clog日志相关
		if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xmax))
		{
			if (!ItemPointerEquals(&htup->t_self, &tuple->t_ctid))
				return TM_Updated;
			else
				return TM_Deleted;
		}

		/*
		 * By here, the update in the Xmax is either aborted or crashed, but
		 * what about the other members?
		 */

		if (!MultiXactIdIsRunning(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple), false))
		{
			/*
			 * There's no member, even just a locker, alive anymore, so we can
			 * mark the Xmax as invalid.
			 */
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
						InvalidTransactionId);
			return TM_Ok;
		}
		else
		{
			/* There are lockers running */
			return TM_BeingModified;
		}
	}
// xmax为当前事务的判断逻辑
	if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple)))
	{
		if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
			return TM_BeingModified;
		if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= curcid)
			return TM_SelfModified; /* updated after scan started */
		else
			return TM_Invisible;	/* updated before scan started */
	}
	// 元组 xamx正在运行，
	if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple)))
		return TM_BeingModified;

	// xmax 未提交发生奔溃或者回滚
	if (!TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple)))
	{
		/* it must have aborted or crashed */
		SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
					InvalidTransactionId);
		return TM_Ok;
	}

	/* xmax transaction committed */

	if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
	{
		SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
					InvalidTransactionId);
		return TM_Ok;
	}

	SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED,
				HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple));
	if (!ItemPointerEquals(&htup->t_self, &tuple->t_ctid))
		return TM_Updated;		/* updated by other */
	else
		return TM_Deleted;		/* deleted by other */
}