mysql传统主从配置

1. 主从简介

1.1 主从作用

实时灾备,用于故障切换
读写分离,提供查询服务
备份,避免影响业务

1.2 主从形式

在这里插入图片描述

  • 一主一从
  • 主主复制
  • 一主多从—扩展系统读取的性能,因为读是在从库读取的
  • 多主一从—5.7开始支持
  • 联级复制

2. 主从复制原理

在这里插入图片描述

主从复制步骤:

主库将所有的写操作记录到binlog日志中并生成一个log dump线程,将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程
从库生成两个线程,一个I/O线程,一个SQL线程
I/O线程去请求主库的binlog,并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志) 文件中
SQL线程,会读取relay log文件中的日志,并解析成具体操作,来实现主从的操作一致,达到最终数据一致的目的

3. 主从复制配置

主从复制配置步骤:

1 确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
2 在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
3 配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
4 配置从数据库(修改配置文件)
需求:
搭建两台MySQL服务器,一台作为主服务器,一台作为从服务器,主服务器进行写操作,从服务器进行读操作

环境说明:

数据库角色IP应用与系统版本有无数据
主数据库192.168.106.16centos8/redhat8mysql-5.7有数据
从数据库192.168.106.19centos8/redhat8mysql-5.7无数据

3.1 mysql安装

分别在主从两台服务器上安装mysql-5.7版本,此处略过安装步骤,若有疑问请参考《二进制安装MySQL以及密码破解》

3.2 mysql主从配置

3.2.1 确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样

为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样,先全备主数据库并还原到从数据库中

//查看主数据库中有那些库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cxr                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

//查看从数据库有那些数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+


//全备主库
//全备主库时需要另开一个终端,给数据库加上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出

//备份主库并将备份文件传送到从库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --all-databases > /opt/all-$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S').spl
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/
all-20220703055932.spl  data
[root@localhost ~]# scp /opt/all-20220703055932.spl root@192.168.106.19:/opt/
//解除主库的锁表状态,直接退出交互式界面即可
mysql> quit
Bye


//在从库上恢复主库的备份并查看从库有哪些库,确保与主库一致
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' < /opt/all-20220703055932.spl 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cxr                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

3.2.2 在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.106.19' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.106.19';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3.2.3 配置主数据库
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
  //添加以下两行
log-bin=mysql-bin             //启用binlog日志
server-id=10                        //数据库服务器唯一标识符,主库的server-id值必须比从库的大

//重启MySQL服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:111               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          32             192.168.122.1:53                0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          5                  127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3306                    *:*       
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:111                  [::]:*       
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
LISTEN     0          5                      [::1]:631                  [::]:*      
//查看主库的状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.2.4 配置从数据库
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
 //添加以下两行
server-id=11                     //设置从库的唯一标识符,从库的server-id值必须小于主库的该值
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin                 //启用中继日志relay-log
       
 //重启服务
 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:111               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          32             192.168.122.1:53                0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          5                  127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:111                  [::]:*       
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
LISTEN     0          5                      [::1]:631                  [::]:*       
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3306                    *:*   

//配置并启动主从复制
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.106.16',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='repl123',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.33 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

//查看从服务器状态

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.106.16
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000007
                Relay_Log_Pos: 367
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 787
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 10
                  Master_UUID: d3756dcf-f6d4-11ec-89e4-000c2940890e
             Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3.2.5 测试验证

在主库创建一个test数据库

mysql> create database cxr;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

在从库上查看

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cxr                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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