1. 版本控制介绍
版本控制是指对软件开发过程中各种程序代码、配置文件及说明文档等文件变更的管理,是软件配置管理的核心思想之一。
版本控制最主要的功能就是追踪文件的变更。它将什么时候、什么人更改了文件的什么内容等信息忠实地了记录下来。每一次文件的改变,文件的版本号都将增加。除了记录版本变更外,版本控制的另一个重要功能是并行开发。软件开发往往是多人协同作业,版本控制可以有效地解决版本的同步以及不同开发者之间的开发通信问题,提高协同开发的效率。并行开发中最常见的不同版本软件的错误(Bug)修正问题也可以通过版本控制中分支与合并的方法有效地解决。
具体来说,在每一项开发任务中,都需要首先设定开发基线,确定各个配置项的开发初始版本,在开发过程中,开发人员基于开发基线的版本,开发出所需的目标版本。当发生需求变更时,通过对变更的评估,确定变更的影响范围,对被影响的配置项的版本进行修改,根据变更的性质使配置项的版本树继续延伸或产生新的分支,形成新的目标版本,而对于不受变更影响的配置项则不应发产生变动。同时,应能够将变更所产生的对版本的影响进行记录和跟踪。必要时还可以回退到以前的版本。例如当开发需求或需求变更被取消时,就需要有能力将版本回退到开发基线版本。在曾经出现过的季度升级包拆包和重新组包的过程中,其实就是将部分配置项的版本回退到开发基线,将对应不同需求的不同分支重新组合归并,形成新的升级包版本。
版本控制是软件配置管理的核心功能。所有置于配置库中的元素都应自动予以版本的标识,并保证版本命名的唯一性。版本在生成过程中,自动依照设定的使用模型自动分支、演进。除了系统自动记录的版本信息以外,为了配合软件开发流程的各个阶段。还需要定义、收集一些元数据来记录版本的辅助信息和规范开发流程,并为今后对软件过程的度量做好准备。当然如果选用的工具支持,这些辅助数据将能直接统计出过程数据,从而方便软件过程改进活动的进行。对于配置库中的各个基线控制项,应该根据其基线的位置和状态来设置相应的访问权限。一般来说,对于基线版本之前的各个版本都应处于被锁定的状态,如需要对它们进行变更,则应按照变更控制的流程来进行操作。
常用的版本控制工具:
gitlab
subversion
2. gitlab部署
首先下载gitlab包此链接是当前最新版本的包
如果是再虚拟机上面跑内存不能低于4G cpu也可以尽量多一些,方便加快后面编译的进度
//配置yum源,以及epel源推荐阿里云的源
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache //重构一下源
//epel源
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm //安装过程以省略
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
//安装git
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git
//安装过程省略...
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie //安装过程以省略
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y remove policycoreutils //卸载掉这个依赖包
//关闭防火墙以及selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled //改成disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
下载policycoreutils-python依赖包
通过此链接下载
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm //将这个包下载下来
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm //安装刚才下载的依赖包
警告:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm //安装刚才下载的gitlab包 ,能看到下面的狐狸图像就说明安装成功了!
警告:gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7 ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
*. *.
*** ***
***** *****
.****** *******
******** ********
,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
.,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
.,,,***,,,,
,*,.
_______ __ __ __
/ ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_
/ / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ \
/ /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=15-2
//启动postfix服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart postfix
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now postfix.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status postfix
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-08-10 04:23:16 EDT; 40s ago
Main PID: 188909 (master)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 23648)
Memory: 21.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─188909 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─188910 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─188911 qmgr -l -t unix -u
8月 10 04:23:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
8月 10 04:23:16 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[188909]: daemon started -- version 3.5.8, >
8月 10 04:23:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl //能看到25号端口就可以了
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
3. 修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
##! Note: During installation/upgrades, the value of the environment variable
##! EXTERNAL_URL will be used to populate/replace this value.
##! On AWS EC2 instances, we also attempt to fetch the public hostname/IP
##! address from AWS. For more details, see:
##! https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instancedata-data-retrieval.html
external_url 'http://192.168.106.17' //将这里的域名改成该虚拟机的IP地址
## Roles for multi-instance GitLab
##! The default is to have no roles enabled, which results in GitLab running as an all-in-one instance.
##! Options:
//重载配置文件并重启gitlab
[root@localhost ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
//过程以省略
[root@localhost ~]# gitlab-ctl restart
ok: run: alertmanager: (pid 17621) 1s
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 17656) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 17672) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-kas: (pid 17698) 1s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 17708) 0s
ok: run: grafana: (pid 17777) 1s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 17789) 0s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 17798) 1s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 17833) 0s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 17840) 0s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 17961) 0s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 17979) 1s
ok: run: puma: (pid 18024) 0s
ok: run: redis: (pid 18029) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 18061) 0s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 18337) 0s
4. 破解管理员密码
[root@localhost ~]# gitlab-rails console -e production
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ruby: ruby 2.7.5p203 (2021-11-24 revision f69aeb8314) [x86_64-linux]
GitLab: 15.2.2 (4ecb014a935) FOSS
GitLab Shell: 14.9.0
PostgreSQL: 13.6
------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 46.75s ]
Loading production environment (Rails 6.1.4.7)
irb(main):001:0> user = User.where(id: 1).first //id为1的是超级管理员
=> #<User id:1 @root>
irb(main):002:0> user.password = '12345678' //密码必须至少8个字符
=> "12345678"
irb(main):003:0> user.password_confirmation = '12345678'
=> "12345678"
irb(main):004:0> user.save! //保存修改,若无问题将返回true
=> true
irb(main):005:0> exit //退出
[root@localhost ~]#
5. gitlab管理
5.1 创建新项目
5.2创建组
5.3 创建用户
5.4 将用户加入到组