本文详细介绍了在Linux环境下安装配置Tomcat的过程，包括下载、解压、设置环境变量、启动与关闭，以及修改端口和配置文件。同时，讲解了如何在Tomcat上部署简单的JSP应用，并展示了通过编辑`server.xml`开启AJP协议。此外，还提到了Jenkins的介绍和下载，以及在Tomcat中部署Jenkins的步骤，强调了Jenkins作为持续集成工具的重要性和使用场景。
1. tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应HTML（标准通用标记语言下的一个应用）页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展，但运行时它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是，当配置正确时，Apache 为HTML页面服务，而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外，Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一，tomcat本身是一个容器，专门用来运行java程序，java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景：lnmt
2. tomcat项目部署
2.1 java环境安装
//配置阿里云的yun源
[root@haproxy ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@haproxy ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@haproxy ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@haproxy ~]# yum clean all
[root@haproxy ~]# yum makecache
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 602 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:07
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 34 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 410 kB/s | 8.4 MB 00:21
Metadata cache created.
[root@haproxy ~]# dnf -y install java-17-openjdk* //下载jdk包
官网下载tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.65/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.65.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.65.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.65 tomcat
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src tomcat
[root@localhost local]# cd tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work
[root@localhost tomcat]# mkdir webapps/test
[root@localhost tomcat]# vi webapps/test/index.jsp
//写一个hello world的界面
[root@localhost tomcat]# cat webapps/test/index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hello World");
%>
</body>
</html>
//写一个环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
//启动tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled //修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
在浏览器上浏览网页
这里ip的后面要加上8080才能访问到
测试页面
打开AJP协议
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector protocol="AJP/1.3" //将一下内容解注释
address="::1"
port="8009"
redirectPort="8443" /> //到这里
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
//重启tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl //一定要查看进程和端口是否关闭
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 196995 2210 0 07:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# catalina.sh start //打开tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:8009 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 197276 1 75 07:50 pts/0 00:00:06 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 197581 2210 0 07:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
//在企业中常常会安装多个tomcat来跑多个网页，就会导致端口被占用的问题，所以需要改端口号。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml //修改这个文件的以下内容
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> //这个端口可以修改为8006等等
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" //访问网页时输入的端口，可以改成8081等等
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" /> //这里也可以改
<Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
address="::1"
port="8009" //可以修改
redirectPort="8443" /> //这里的8443要和上面的redirectPort保持一致
里面存放着一些示例
查看服务器状态
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml //在文件中添加以下两行
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/> //这里的密码可以自己设置
//改好后重启
[root@localhost conf]# catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@localhost conf]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost conf]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 267237 2210 0 08:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@localhost conf]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost conf]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:8009 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost conf]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 267514 1 99 08:26 pts/0 00:00:07 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 267763 2210 0 08:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
//允许此ip访问
[root@localhost local]# cd tomcat/webapps/manager/
[root@localhost manager]# vim META-INF/context.xml
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.106\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> //这里的192\.168\.106\.\d+ 填写当前主机。\d+ 是正则表达式的意思。表示任意位字符至少一位。
....
再次访问状态页面,下面账号密码就是刚才设置的密码我的是tomcat
[root@localhost webapps]# cd ..
[root@localhost tomcat]# vim conf/tomcat-users.xml
-->
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> //也可以优化成一条命令管理两个账号，但是账号密码就是相同的。
<!--
//重启
[root@localhost tomcat]# catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost tomcat]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 326598 2210 0 08:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@localhost tomcat]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:8009 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost tomcat]# ps -ef | grep tomcat
root 326771 1 81 08:57 pts/0 00:00:07 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 327101 2210 0 08:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
//放行
[root@localhost local]# cd tomcat/webapps/host-manager/
[root@localhost host-manager]# vim META-INF/context.xml
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.106\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> //还是和上面一样
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|
jenkins
Jenkins简介：
1、Jenkins是一个开源软件项目，起源于Hudson（Hudson是商用的），是基于Java开发的一种持续集成工具，用于监控持续重复的工作，旨在提供一个开放易用的软件平台，使软件项目可以进行持续集成
2、可在Tomcat等流行的servlet容器中运行，也可独立运行。
3、提供友好操作界面的持续集成(CI)工具
4、它用于实时测试和报告较大代码库中的孤立更改。 Jenkins软件使开发人员能够快速找到并解决代码库中的缺陷，并自动进行构建测试。
下载Jenkins安装包
//刚才下载好的包放到webapps里面来
[root@localhost host-manager]# cd ..
[root@localhost webapps]# mv * /opt/
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
jenkins jenkins.war //放进来会自动解压，如果没有自动解压，重启一下tomcat就好了
访问网页(ip地址的后面需要加上Jenkins)。然后就是等待
[root@localhost webapps]# vim /root/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
af25d213dd7d4af3924cf7baf7b03d91 //复制并填写到管理员密码那里
运行java程序，多给内存，不卡
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