文章目录
前言
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Matplotlib 是一个用于创建静态、动画和交互式可视化的综合库。本文主要用示例来介绍绘图的基本方法,快速入门。
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一、第三方库的安装
pip install matplotlib
pip install numpy
二、示例汇总
1.示例一 plot(x, y)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y = 4 + 2 * np.sin(2 * x)
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y, linewidth=2.0)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
2.示例二scatter(x, y)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make the data
np.random.seed(3)
x = 4 + np.random.normal(0, 2, 24)
y = 4 + np.random.normal(0, 2, len(x))
# size and color:
sizes = np.random.uniform(15, 80, len(x))
colors = np.random.uniform(15, 80, len(x))
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(x, y, s=sizes, c=colors, vmin=0, vmax=100)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
3.示例三bar(x, height)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data:
x = 0.5 + np.arange(8)
y = [4.8, 5.5, 3.5, 4.6, 6.5, 6.6, 2.6, 3.0]
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(x, y, width=1, edgecolor="white", linewidth=0.7)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
4.示例四stem(x, y)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data
x = 0.5 + np.arange(8)
y = [4.8, 5.5, 3.5, 4.6, 6.5, 6.6, 2.6, 3.0]
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.stem(x, y)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
5.示例五fill_between(x, y1, y2)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data
np.random.seed(1)
x = np.linspace(0, 8, 16)
y1 = 3 + 4*x/8 + np.random.uniform(0.0, 0.5, len(x))
y2 = 1 + 2*x/8 + np.random.uniform(0.0, 0.5, len(x))
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2, alpha=.5, linewidth=0)
ax.plot(x, (y1 + y2)/2, linewidth=2)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
6.示例六stackplot(x, y)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data
x = np.arange(0, 10, 2)
ay = [1, 1.25, 2, 2.75, 3]
by = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
cy = [2, 1, 2, 1, 2]
y = np.vstack([ay, by, cy])
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.stackplot(x, y)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
7.示例七stairs(y)
代码如下(示例):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')
# make data
y = [4.8, 5.5, 3.5, 4.6, 6.5, 6.6, 2.6, 3.0]
# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.stairs(y, linewidth=2.5)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))
plt.show()
总结
本文以示例的形式介绍了配对数据(Pairwise data)的相关绘制方法,文中内容参考于
matplotlib官网,仅供用于参考学习,请勿用于商用。
下一节:Statistical distributions