Statistical Distributions 绘图示例汇总

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前言

提示：这里可以添加本文要记录的大概内容：
上一节列出了Pairwise data相关的绘图示例程序，这一节将介绍另外一种数据类型的绘图——Statistical distributions。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、编程环境

软件平台：Anaconda

第三方库：matplotlib和numpy

二、示例汇总

1.示例一hist(x)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data
np.random.seed(1)
x = 4 + np.random.normal(0, 1.5, 200)

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.hist(x, bins=8, linewidth=0.5, edgecolor="white")

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 56), yticks=np.linspace(0, 56, 9))

plt.show()

2.示例二boxplot(x)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data:
np.random.seed(10)
D = np.random.normal((3, 5, 4), (1.25, 1.00, 1.25), (100, 3))

# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
VP = ax.boxplot(D, positions=[2, 4, 6], widths=1.5, patch_artist=True,
                showmeans=False, showfliers=False,
                medianprops={"color": "white", "linewidth": 0.5},
                boxprops={"facecolor": "C0", "edgecolor": "white",
                          "linewidth": 0.5},
                whiskerprops={"color": "C0", "linewidth": 1.5},
                capprops={"color": "C0", "linewidth": 1.5})

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()

3.示例三errorbar(x, y, yerr, xerr)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data:
np.random.seed(1)
x = [2, 4, 6]
y = [3.6, 5, 4.2]
yerr = [0.9, 1.2, 0.5]

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.errorbar(x, y, yerr, fmt='o', linewidth=2, capsize=6)

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()

4.示例四violinplot(D)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data:
np.random.seed(10)
D = np.random.normal((3, 5, 4), (0.75, 1.00, 0.75), (200, 3))

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

vp = ax.violinplot(D, [2, 4, 6], widths=2,
                   showmeans=False, showmedians=False, showextrema=False)
# styling:
for body in vp['bodies']:
    body.set_alpha(0.9)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()

5.示例五eventplot(D)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data:
np.random.seed(1)
x = [2, 4, 6]
D = np.random.gamma(4, size=(3, 50))

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.eventplot(D, orientation="vertical", lineoffsets=x, linewidth=0.75)

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()

6.示例六hist2d(x, y)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery-nogrid')

# make data: correlated + noise
np.random.seed(1)
x = np.random.randn(5000)
y = 1.2 * x + np.random.randn(5000) / 3

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.hist2d(x, y, bins=(np.arange(-3, 3, 0.1), np.arange(-3, 3, 0.1)))

ax.set(xlim=(-2, 2), ylim=(-3, 3))

plt.show()

7.示例七hexbin(x, y, C)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery-nogrid')

# make data: correlated + noise
np.random.seed(1)
x = np.random.randn(5000)
y = 1.2 * x + np.random.randn(5000) / 3

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=20)

ax.set(xlim=(-2, 2), ylim=(-3, 3))

plt.show()

8.示例八pie(x)

代码如下（示例）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery-nogrid')


# make data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
colors = plt.get_cmap('Blues')(np.linspace(0.2, 0.7, len(x)))

# plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.pie(x, colors=colors, radius=3, center=(4, 4),
       wedgeprops={"linewidth": 1, "edgecolor": "white"}, frame=True)

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()

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总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仅仅简单介绍了statistical distributions的相关绘图方法。

下一节：Gridded data