使用HAL写STM32F103的内部flash，掉电不丢失

存储器介绍

SRAM属于RAM类，上面说过的的FLASH存储器又称闪存，它结合了ROM和RAM的长处，不仅具备电子可擦除可编程的性能，还不会断电丢失数据同时可以快速读取数据。

 单片机内部flash

RAM（Random Access Memory) ：掉电之后就丢失数据，读写速度块
ROM (Read Only Memory) ：掉电之后仍然可以保持数据 

实现程序

flash.h

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2021, RT-Thread Development Team
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * Change Logs:
 * Date           Author       Notes
 * 2023-12-07     Windows       the first version
 */
#ifndef APPLICATIONS_FLASH_H_
#define APPLICATIONS_FLASH_H_

#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_flash.h"

#define TYPEPROGRAM_CHAR                 0x00U  /*!<Program a char (8-bit) at a specified address.*/

void Flash_Write(uint32_t TypeProgram, uint32_t Address, uint64_t (*Data), uint32_t len);
void Flash_Read(uint32_t TypeProgram, uint32_t Address, uint64_t (*Data), uint32_t len);

#define FLASH_DATA_ADDR     0x0800FC00
// 0x0800FC

flash.c

#include "flash.h"
extern void    FLASH_PageErase(uint32_t PageAddress);
extern HAL_StatusTypeDef FLASH_WaitForLastOperation(uint32_t Timeout);

void Flash_Write(uint32_t TypeProgram, uint32_t Address, uint64_t (*Data), uint32_t len)
{
    HAL_FLASH_Unlock();

    FLASH_PageErase(Address);  // 擦除这个扇区
    CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PER);     // 清除CR寄存器的PER位，此操作应该在FLASH_PageErase()中完成！
                                            // 但是HAL库里面并没有做，应该是HAL库bug！
    if (TypeProgram == TYPEPROGRAM_CHAR) {
        for (int var = 0; var < len / 2; var++) {
            uint8_t data1 = (uint8_t)*Data;
            uint8_t data2 = (uint8_t)*(Data + 1);
            uint64_t datar = data2 << 8 | data1;
            HAL_FLASH_Program(TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD, Address,datar);
            Address += 2;
            Data += 2;
        }
    } else {
        for (int var = 0; var < len; var++) {
            HAL_FLASH_Program(TypeProgram, Address, *Data);
            Address += (1 << TypeProgram);
            Data += 1;
        }
    }
    HAL_FLASH_Lock();
}

void Flash_Read(uint32_t TypeProgram, uint32_t Address, uint64_t (*Data), uint32_t len)
{
    int32_t i = 0;
    if (TypeProgram == TYPEPROGRAM_CHAR) {
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++, Address += 1, Data++){
            *Data = *(uint8_t *) Address;
        }
    }else if (TypeProgram == TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD) {
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++, Address+=2, Data++){
            *Data = *(uint16_t *) Address;
        }
    }else if (TypeProgram == TYPEPROGRAM_WORD) {
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++, Address+=4, Data++){
            *Data = *(uint32_t *) Address;
        }
    }else if (TypeProgram == TYPEPROGRAM_DOUBLEWORD) {
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++, Address+=8, Data++){
            *Data = *(uint64_t *) Address;
        }
    }
}