人的血型有A,B、AB,O 4种。输血时输血者的血型与受血者血型必须符合图中用箭头指示的授受关系。试用数据选择器设计一个逻辑电路,判断输血者与受血者的血型是否符合上述规定。(提示:可以用两个逻辑变量的4种取值表示输血者的血型。用另外两个逻辑变量的4种取值表示受血者的血型。)
解:
以MN的4种状态组合表示输血者的4种血型,并以PQ的4种状态组合表示受血者的4种血型,如图所示,用Z表示判断结果,Z = 0 表示符合题目要求,Z = 1 表示不符合要求。
据此可列出表示Z与M、N、P、Q之间的逻辑关系的真值表。
M | N | P | Q | Z |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
从真值表写书逻辑式为:
Z
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Z = M'N'P'Q + M'N'PQ+M'NP'Q'+M'NPQ+MN'P'Q'+MN'P'Q+MN'PQ
Z=M′N′P′Q+M′N′PQ+M′NP′Q′+M′NPQ+MN′P′Q′+MN′P′Q+MN′PQ
取8选1数据选择器产生上式的逻辑函数。已知8选1数据选择器的输出为
Y
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Y = A'_2A'_1A'_0·D_0 + A'_2A'_1A_0·D_1 + A'_2A_1A'_0·D_2 + A'_2A_1A_0·D_3 + A_2A'_1A'_0·D_4 + A_2A'_1A_0·D_5 + A_2A_1A'_0·D_6 + A_2A_1A_0·D_ 7
Y=A2′A1′A0′⋅D0+A2′A1′A0⋅D1+A2′A1A0′⋅D2+A2′A1A0⋅D3+A2A1′A0′⋅D4+A2A1′A0⋅D5+A2A1A0′⋅D6+A2A1A0⋅D7
将Z变化成与Y对应的形式,得到
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Z = M'N'P'·Q + M'N'P·Q+M'NP'·Q'+M'NP·Q+MN'P'·1+MN'P·Q+MNP'·0+MNP·0
Z=M′N′P′⋅Q+M′N′P⋅Q+M′NP′⋅Q′+M′NP⋅Q+MN′P′⋅1+MN′P⋅Q+MNP′⋅0+MNP⋅0
令数据选择器的输入为
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A_2 = M、A_1 = N、A_0 = P、D_0 = D_1 = D_3 = D_5 = Q,D_2 = Q'、D_4 = 1,D_6 = D_7 = 0
A2=M、A1=N、A0=P、D0=D1=D3=D5=Q,D2=Q′、D4=1,D6=D7=0
如图所示,则数据选择器的输出Y即为所求的Z。