国科大——英语A——机考测试题

前沿： 此文记录了国科大所提供的一套机考试卷。

PART I VOCABULARY （20道，十分）

Directions：Choose the best word or phrase from the choices A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences.

1.For most people in the study, the only thing that changed in their lives was that some researchers tried to ________ them to do something new.
A) demonstrate
B) convince
C) refute
D) satisfy

2.The 7301 participants ________ individuals > 50 years of age and their spouses of any age.
A) contained
B) consisted
C) comprised
D) concluded

3.Marine construction technology is very complex, somewhat _____ to trying to building a bridge under water.
A) specific
B) analogous
C) peculiar
D) comparative

4.If schooling is a training in expression and communication, college is ________ the establishment of broad convictions.
A) abundantly
B) significantly
C) essentially
D) possibly

5.Although most Asian students have good grammatical competence, they complain of the inability to speak, whereas European students often have the ________ complaint.
A) subjective
B) upset
C) reverse
D) optional

答案： BCBCC

PART II CLOZE TEST （10空，10分）

Directions: choose the appropriate verbs from the following box to complete the statements.

MCQ_1

A. observed
B. found
C. indicated
D. reported
E. proved
F. shown
G. noted

Finally, the VAERS deaths （6） so far are for the very short term. We have no idea what the death numbers will be in the intermediate and long-term; the clinical trials did not test for those.

In a large, population-based study on nearly 400,000 individuals, we （7） that higher baseline participation in physical exercise was associated with a significant lower risk of the development of depression, one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders.

The waste anaerobic digestion (AD) （8） to be an efficient technology for sewage sludge treatment that allows generation of biogas as renewable energy from the same process.

It should also be （9） that the consensus varied from 0.40 to 0.56 implying that there was neither perfect disagreement nor perfect agreement between the respondents regarding the effectiveness of online learning.

A second wave of the epidemic was （10） on September 24, 2018 and can be explained by the unpredictable violent attacks on health teams and community members in the Ebola affected areas, hampering epidemiological surveillance efforts.

答案： DBEGA

MCQ_2

A. view
B. however
C. adequate
D. assume
E. argue
F. doubt
G. primary

In art criticism, people must （11） that the artist has a secret message hidden within the work so as to explore the deeper interpretation of the masterpiece.

No one seems to （12） that the American dollar will eventually crash and burn along with many other currencies, but no one seems to have any real idea of what “should” replace it.

The （13） aim was to analyze the influence of the second-opinion system on guideline implementation with a view to improving the quality of care.

The appropriate people to blame here are the people that allowed these security measures to be pushed through without （14） training.

The influence of review valence has received considerable attention both from scholars and practitioners (e.g., Lee and Youn 2009); （15）, findings regarding the role of review valence on consumers’ evaluations are not straightforward.

答案： DFGCB

PART III ORDERING （十分）

Directions: The following paragraph describes how climate change policies affect human health. The first few sentences are given below, while the rest five sentences are not in the correct order. Rearrange them in an appropriate order.

There is high scientific confidence that processes associated with climate change affect human health, exacerbating existing global health challenges and creating new ones. Climate change, which has been characterised as the biggest global health threat in the 21 century, negatively impacts health outcomes: from changing diseases patterns to food insecurity and mental health.

A. The consideration of health co-benefits and co-harms in climate policy could lead to immediate and continual net benefits globally.

B. It is important to link climate change mitigation policies with explicit positive health benefits.

C. Responses to climate change include mitigation and adaptation.

D. Research has suggested that the benefits of health gains alone could exceed the cost of implementing mitigation actions.

E. Adaptation refers to activities which “moderate potential damages or benefit from opportunities associated with climate change”, while mitigation aims to lessen the severity of climate change by reducing fossil fuel emissions.

答案： CEBAD

PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION (十分)

Directions: Read the following excerpt taken from a research paper on ecology, and then
choose the best answer for each question.

Para. 1 Many bird species, including those of early successional habitats and those of small tree-fall gaps within mature forest, select disturbed habitats during some portion of the year (Hunter et al. 2001). Several studies have documented greater bird abundance in forest canopy gaps created by natural treefalls (Willson et al. 1982, Blake and Hoppes 1986, Martin and Karr 1986) or group-selection harvest (Kilgo et al. 1999, Moorman and Guynn 2001) than in the mature forest surrounding gaps. Some mature-forest breeders shift into more densely vegetated habitats between breeding and post-breeding periods (Anders et al. 1998; Vega Rivera et al.
1998, 2003; Pagen et al.2000; Vitz and Rodewald 2006). Birds use a variety of forested habitats during migratory periods (Petit 2000, Rodewald and Brittingham 2002), but mature-forest edges and early-succession habitats may experience relatively greater use (Rodewald and Brittingham 2004). Reasons for greater use of disturbed habitats by birds during certain periods remain speculative, but abundant food and protection from predators have been proposed (Marshall et al. 2003).

Para. 2 Arthropod（节肢动物）populations also are influenced by season and habitat type (Johnson and Sherry 2001, Greenberg and Forrest 2003) as well as canopy gap size (Shure and Phillips 1991). It should be advantageous for birds to choose sites with the greatest resource availability (Martin and Karr 1986), and greater invertebrate （ 无 脊 椎 动 物 ） biomass has been positively correlated to bird abundance (Blake and Hoppes 1986, Holmes et al. 1986), daily nest survival rates, growth rates of nestlings (Duguay et al. 2000), and timing of warbler（鸣鸟）migration (Graber and Graber 1983). Studies of experimental prey removal have not linked decreased prey abundance with negative consequences for the local bird community (Nagy and Smith 1997, Marshall et al. 2002, Champlin et al. 2009).

Para. 3 Bowen et al. (2007) documented seasonal shifts in relative use by birds of canopy gap and forest habitat. They speculated these shifts may be driven by seasonal changes in arthropod abundance in gaps. Previous studies have not investigated seasonal shifts in avian habitat use as related to resource availability over multiple periods.

Para. 4 Our objectives were to: (1) investigate whether bird use of forest gaps was associated with arthropod abundance or vegetation structure, and (2) ascertain if shifts in relative use of gap and forest understory were related to spatial and temporal variation in arthropod abundance. We predicted positive relationships between avian habitat use and arthropod abundance (i.e., relative bird use of gap vs. forest understory will shift based on changes in local arthropod abundance) from spring migration through fall migration.

21. According to Para. 1, when will many bird species use disturbed habitats?
    A) during any portion of a year
    B) before breeding seasons
    C) during migration periods
    D) whenever food is insufficient

22. Which statement is the best paraphrase of the underlined sentence in Para. 1?
    A) Reasons for birds’ greater use of disturbed habitats in some periods are various, among which food and protection from enemies are two important ones (Marshall et al. 2003).
    B) Marshall et al. (2003) proposed that food and protection from predators are two major reasons for birds to use disturbed habitats in some st periods.
    C) Many researchers, including Marshall et al. (2003), have investigated the reasons why birds sometimes use disturbed habitats more frequently.
    D) Food and protection from predators are two issues (Marshall et al. 2003) to explore why birds use more disturbed habitats in some
    periods.

23. Why does the author shift the topic from bird’s habitats (Para. 1) to arthropod populations (Para. 2)?
    A) Because arthropod populations influence birds’ habitat type.
    B) Because arthropods are the basic natural food for birds.
    C) Because arthropod populations are linked with bird abundance.
    D) Because arthropod activities affect birds’ nestling and breeding.

24. What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word “avian” in Para. 3?
    A) related to birds
    B) related to arthropods
    C) related to seasons
    D) related to forests

25. What is the writing purpose of the underlined sentence in Para. 4?
    A) to justify research objectives
    B) to propose research hypothesis
    C) to illustrate research methods
    D) to summarize research findings

答案： CDCAB