题目 计算 ∬ D e x − y x + y d x d y \iint_D{e^{\frac{x-y}{x+y}}}\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y ∬Dex+yx−ydxdy，其中 D D D是 x = 0 , y = 0 , x + y = 1 x=0,y=0,x+y=1 x=0,y=0,x+y=1所围成的区域
解：做变量替换：
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\left\{ \begin{aligned} x-y=u\\ x+y=v \end{aligned} \right.
{x−y=ux+y=v
则有
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\left\{ \begin{aligned} 2x=u+v\\ 2y=v-u \end{aligned} \right.
{2x=u+v2y=v−u
原变量取值范围为
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D=\left\{(x,y)\left|0\le x \le1,0 \le y \le 1-x \right.\right\}
D={(x,y)∣0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1−x}
替换后的变量取值范围
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D^{\prime}=\left\{ \begin{aligned} 0 \le u+v \le 2\\ v-u\ge 0\\ v \le 1 \end{aligned} \right.
D′=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧0≤u+v≤2v−u≥0v≤1
变换对应的雅克比行列式为
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J\left( u,v \right)= \left| \begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\\ \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial v} \end{array} \right|= \left| \begin{array}{r} \frac12 & \frac12\\ -\frac12 & \frac12 \end{array} \right|=\frac12
J(u,v)=∣∣∣∣∂u∂x∂u∂y∂v∂x∂v∂y∣∣∣∣=∣∣∣∣21−212121∣∣∣∣=21
所以
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\begin{aligned} \iint_D{e^{\frac{x-y}{x+y}}}\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y &= \frac12\iint_{D^{\prime}}e^{\frac uv}\frac12dudv \\ &= \frac12\int_0^1dv\int_{-v}^{v}e^{\frac uv}du \\ &= \frac12\int_0^1 ve^{\frac uv}\bigg|_{-v}^vdv \\ &= \frac12\int_0^1 v(e-e^{-1})dv \\ &= \frac14(e-e^{-1}) \end{aligned}
∬Dex+yx−ydxdy=21∬D′evu21dudv=21∫01dv∫−vvevudu=21∫01vevu∣∣∣∣−vvdv=21∫01v(e−e−1)dv=41(e−e−1)
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