java基础⑨ 网络

网络

让多台电脑之间能够通信：广域网（外网）局域网（内网

TCP通信 javaweb基于Http通信

概念比较重要

七层模型

1.应用层2.表示层3.会话层4.运输层5.网络层6数据链路层7物理层（背好辣！）

TCP/IP参考模型

1.应用层2.运输层3.网络层4物理层

IP：ip地址是电脑唯一地址，方便通信

端口：端口号，0-65535个 确认与哪个程序通信

TCP：面向连接的可靠的链接，基于字节流

TCP通信的时候：发送数据之前与对方建立连接

TCP通信

socket编程：Socket编程

客户端和服务器现在可以通过字节流通信

1.服务器端

• 创建1个serversocket
• 调用accept（），等到客户端链接
• 得到客户端的socket对象
• 输入流接收数据输出流发送数据
• 关闭

2.客户端

• 创建socket,请求服务器地址等
• 调用getInputStream
• 接收信息 输出信息
• 关闭

一个例子：

在线小说系统

思路：

1.用户有两种选择 上传小说和阅读小说

1. 上传小说

   • 用户选择上传小说
   • 向服务端发送小说名字
   • 向服务端发送上传文件地址
   • 收到上传成功or失败消息

2. 用户阅读小说

   • 用户选择阅读小说

   • 收到服务端小说列表

   • 发送想要阅读的小说名

   • 收到服务端发送的小说

     package Note;
     
     import java.io.*;
     import java.net.Socket;
     import java.util.Scanner;
     
     /**
      * @ClassName Client
      * @Description 添加描述
      * @Author Dodo
      * @LastChangeDate 2022/8/25 11:55
      * @Version v1.0
      */
     public class Client {
         private Socket         socket;
         private InputStream    in  = null;
         private OutputStream   out = null;
         private BufferedReader br  = null;
         private BufferedWriter bw  = null;
     
     
         public Client() throws IOException {
             Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 6666);
             in = socket.getInputStream();
             out = socket.getOutputStream();
             br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
             bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
         }
     
         public void showChoice() throws IOException {
             System.out.println("请选择1.上传小说2.阅读小说3.退出");
             Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
             int choice = input.nextInt();
             if (choice == 1) {
                 upNote();
     
                 showChoice();
     
             } else if (choice == 2) {
                 readNote();
     
                 showChoice();
     
     
             } else {
                 System.out.println("感谢使用");
                 sent("exit", bw);
                 //关闭资源
     
             }
     
         }
     
         public void sent(String str, BufferedWriter bw) throws IOException {
             bw.write(str); //input.next() 阻塞
             bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
             bw.flush();
         }
     
         public void upNote() throws IOException {
             sent("上传小说", bw);
             Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
             System.out.println("请输入小说名字");
             sent(input.next(), bw);
             System.out.println("请输入上传地址");
             sent(input.next(), bw);
             String line = br.readLine(); //阻塞方法, 读到行结尾  换行符
             System.out.println(line);
         }
     
         public void readNote() throws IOException {
     
             sent("阅读小说", bw);
             String lineTitles = null;
             lineTitles = br.readLine();
             System.out.println("小说菜单");
     
             while (!lineTitles.equals("end")) {
     
                 System.out.print(lineTitles + " ");
                 lineTitles = br.readLine();
             }
             System.out.println();
             System.out.println("请输入想看的小说");
             Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
             String lineTitle = input.next();
             sent(lineTitle, bw);
             //小说
             String line = br.readLine();
             while (!line.equals("结束")) {
                 System.out.println(line);
                 line = br.readLine();
             }
         }
     public void closeRe() throws IOException {
         try {
             if (bw != null) {
                 bw.close();
             }
             if (br != null) br.close();
             if (socket != null) socket.close();
     
         } catch (IOException e2) {
             e2.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
         public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
             Client client = new Client();
             client.showChoice();
             client.closeRe();
     
         }
     }
     
     

服务端

1. 用户上传小说

   • 接收小说名
   • 接收路径复制小说
   • 将小说复制到指定文件夹并添加小说名到集合和名字文件

2. 用户阅读小说

   • 发送小说名给用户

   • 接收小说名

   • 发送小说

     package Note;
     
     import java.io.*;
     import java.net.Socket;
     import java.util.ArrayList;
     import java.util.List;
     
     /**
      * @ClassName ServerThread
      * @Description 添加描述
      * @Author Dodo
      * @LastChangeDate 2022/8/25 13:24
      * @Version v1.0
      */
     public class ServerThread extends Thread{
     
         File file = new File("E:\\练习\\title.txt");
         private List<String> listTitle = null;
         private Socket         client;
         private InputStream    in  = null;
         private OutputStream   out = null;
         private BufferedReader br  = null;
         private BufferedWriter bw  = null;
         public ServerThread(String name, Socket client) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
             super(name);
             this.client = client;
             if (!file.exists()) {
                 file.createNewFile();
             }
             listTitle = new ArrayList<>();
             if (file.length() != 0) {
                 InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                 ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream);
                 FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                 listTitle = (ArrayList<String>) objectInputStream.readObject();
             }
     
             InputStream in = client.getInputStream();
             OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
             br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
             bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
         }
     
         @Override
         public void run() {
           while(true){
               try {
                   String postLine = br.readLine();
                   if (postLine.equals("exit")){
                      clientStop();
                      break;
                   }
                   if(postLine.equals("上传小说")){
                       upNote();
                   }else {
                       readNote();
                   }
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
     
     
           }
         }
         public void clientStop(){
             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"退出访问");
     
             try {
                 if (bw != null) {
                     bw.close();
                 }
                 if (br != null) br.close();
                 if (client != null) client.close();
                 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "处理完毕");
             } catch (IOException e2) {
                 e2.printStackTrace();
             }
     
         }
         public void readNote() throws IOException {
             String line = "";
             for (String title : listTitle
             ) {
                 bw.write(title);
                 bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
                 bw.flush(); //刷新缓存区
             }
             bw.write("end");
             bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
             bw.flush();
             String postTitle =br.readLine();
             System.out.println("用户搜索" + postTitle);
     
             StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(postTitle);
     
             postTitle = stringBuilder.append(".txt").toString();
     
             File fileRead = new File("E:\\练习\\" + postTitle);
             if (!fileRead.exists()) {
                 line = "没有收录该文章";
     
     
             } else {
                 FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileRead);
                 InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
                 BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
     
                 String readline = null;
     
                 while ((readline = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
     
                     bw.write(readline);
                     bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
                     bw.flush(); //刷新缓存区
                 }
     
                 line = "结束";
             }
     
             //发送数据
             bw.write(line);
             bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
             bw.flush(); //刷新缓存区
         }
     
         public void upNote() throws IOException {
             System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "上传小说");
             String title = br.readLine();
             System.out.println("小说名字：" + title);
             String filePath = "E:\\练习\\" + title + ".txt";
             System.out.println(filePath);
             String oldFilePath = br.readLine();
             System.out.println(oldFilePath);
             File source = new File(oldFilePath);
             File target = new File(filePath);
             if (!source.exists()) {
                 bw.write("上传路径错误！");
                 bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
                 bw.flush(); //刷新缓存区
             } else {
                 copyFileByStream(source, target);
                 listTitle.add(title);
     
                 OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
                 ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
     
                 objectOutputStream.writeObject(listTitle);
                 objectOutputStream.close();
                 bw.write("上传成功");
                 bw.newLine(); //写了换行符
                 bw.flush(); //刷新缓存区
             }
         }
         public void copyFileByStream(File source, File target) {
             // 判断源文件是否存在，如果不存在，就退出程序
     
             // target.getParentFile()表示用来获取目标对象的父目录对象
             // 如果目标文件路径不存在，就创建
     
     
             InputStream is = null;
             OutputStream os = null;
     
             try {
                 // 准备输入流
                 is = new FileInputStream(source);
                 // 准备输出流
                 os = new FileOutputStream(target);
                 // 准备一个数组，用来存放读写的数据
                 byte[] b = new byte[1024];
                 int len = 0;
                 // read(b)实现读取操作，数据存入b数组，返回读取长度给len，当所有内容都读取完毕，len=-1
                 while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
                     // 实现写的操作
                     os.write(b, 0, len);
                 }
             } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             } finally {
                 try {
                     if (is != null) {
                         is.close();
                     }
                     if (os != null) {
                         os.close();
                     }
                 } catch (IOException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }
     
         }
     }
     
     

UDP通信

UDP是一个面向无连接,不可靠的传输层协议.

（仅了解）