目录
1.会话
会话:用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超链接,可以访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器资源,这个过程可以称之为会话
有状态会话:一个同学来过教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学曾经来过,称之为有状态会话
举例:怎么证明你是XXX学校的学生?
你 XXX学校
1)发票 XXX学校给你发票
2)学校登记 XXX学校标记你来过了
一个网站,怎么证明你来过?
服务器端 客户端
1)服务端给客户端一个cookie(类似于信件),客户端下次访问服务器端带上信件就可以了
2)服务器登记你来过了,下次你来的时候,服务器进行匹配
2.保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术(相应、请求)
session
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息,我们可以把信息或者数据放在session中
常见情景:网站登录之后,你下次就不用再登录了,第二次访问直接上去了
测试代码:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装称为一个信件,你下次带来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//请求时
resp.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");//响应时
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//数组--->cookie可能存在多个
//判断cookie是否存在
if(cookies!=null){
//如果存在怎么办
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for (int i=0;i< cookies.length;i++) {
Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
//获得cookie的名字
if(cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
//获取cookie中的值
//将字符串转变为一个Date
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());//使用本地时间格式化
}
}
}else{
out.write("这是第一次访问网站");
}
//服务器给客户端相应一个cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//cookie的有效期为一天
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
映射路径:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lwy.servlet.CookieDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3.Cookie
1)从请求中拿到cookie信息
2)服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //获得Cookie
cookie.getName(); //获得cookie中的key
cookie.getValue(); //获得cookie中的vlaue
new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+""); //新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60); //设置cookie的有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个cookie
cookie:一般会保存在本地的 用户目录下 appdata;
问题:一个网站cookie是否存在上限?
- 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;
- 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie;
- Cookie大小有限制4kb;
- 300个cookie浏览器上限
删除Cookie
- 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动失效;
- 设置有效期时间为 0 ;
中文数据传输的编码和解码:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
//中文数据传输
public class CookieDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//服务器从客户端获取
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//判断cookie是否存在
if(cookies!=null){
for(int i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){
Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
if(cookie.getName().equals("name")){
//解码
System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8"));
}
}
}
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("李玮烨","utf-8"));
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lwy.servlet.CookieDemo02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4.Session
什么是 Session ?
-
服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个 Session 对象;
-
一个 Session 独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个 Session 就存在;
-
用户登录之后,整个网站它都可以访问!-> 保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息…
Session 和 cookie 的区别:
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存 (可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中,服务器端保存 (保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session 对象由服务创建;
测试session存字符串:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name","李玮烨");
//获取session的id
String id = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建的
if(session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,id:"+id);
}else{
resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在,id:"+id);
}
//session在创建时做了什么事情
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",id);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
映射路径:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lwy.servlet.SessionDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
测试session存用户信息:
用户信息类:
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
存放在session中:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name",new Person("李玮烨",18));
//获取session的id
String id = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建的
if(session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,id:"+id);
}else{
resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在,id:"+id);
}
//session在创建时做了什么事情
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",id);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
对信息进行获取:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person.toString());
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
注销session:
方式一:手动注销
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
//注销servlet
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name");
session.invalidate();//注销sessionid
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
映射路径:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lwy.servlet.SessionDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
方式二:写配置文件,设置自动过期
<!-- 设置session默认的失效时间:15分钟后session自动失效-->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>