七、USART模块
1.简介
USART(Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)通用同步/异步收发器: USART是STM32内部集成的硬件外设,可根据数据寄存器的一个字节数据自动生成数据帧时序,从TX引脚发送出去,也可自动接收RX引脚的数据帧时序,拼接为一个字节数据,存放在数据寄存器里。
自带波特率发生器,最高达4.5Mbits/s
可配置数据位长度(8/9)、停止位长度(0.5/1/1.5/2)
可选校验位(无校验/奇校验/偶校验)
2.电路原理图
3.基本结构
4.代码实现
串口发送+接收
void Serial_Init(void)
{
//开启串口和GPIO时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
//初始化PA9
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //推挽复用
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化PA10
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //上拉输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化USART
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate =9600;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity =USART_Parity_No; //选择校验
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
//中断
USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
//初始化NVIC
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
//每次发送一个字节
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE)==RESET);
}
//发送一个数组
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
uint16_t i;
for(i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
Serial_SendByte( Array[i]);
}
}
//发送字符串
void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i = 0; String[i] != 0;i++)
{
Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
}
}
/*
***************************分割线,以下为接收部分***************************************************
*/
//手动加标志位,在main.c的while(1)中进行判断
uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)
{
if(Serial_RXFlag == 1)
{
Serial_RXFlag =0;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//转存 拿到接收的数据
uint8_t Serial_GetRxData(void)
{
return Serial_RXData;
}
//进入中断
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
{
Serial_RXData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
Serial_RXFlag = 1;
USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
}
}