ln \ln ln公式及其推导
注:以下步骤如果可以将底数替换成其它数可自行证明,这里仅用 e e e和 ln x \ln x lnx举例。
对数和公式
证明: ln a + ln b = ln ( a ⋅ b ) \ln a+\ln b=\ln (a\cdot b) lna+lnb=ln(a⋅b)
e
ln
a
+
ln
b
=
e
ln
a
⋅
e
ln
b
e^{\ln a+\ln b}=e^{\ln a}\cdot e^{\ln b}
elna+lnb=elna⋅elnb
=
a
⋅
b
=a\cdot b
=a⋅b
=
e
ln
(
a
⋅
b
)
=e^{\ln (a\cdot b)}
=eln(a⋅b)
exp
x
\exp x
expx单调,所以
ln
a
+
ln
b
=
ln
(
a
⋅
b
)
\ln a+\ln b=\ln (a\cdot b)
lna+lnb=ln(a⋅b)。
或者等式两边同时取对数,亦证。
对数积公式
证明: b ⋅ ln a = ln ( a b ) b\cdot \ln a =\ln (a^b) b⋅lna=ln(ab)
e
b
⋅
ln
a
=
(
e
ln
a
)
b
e^{b\cdot\ln a}=(e^{\ln a})^b
eb⋅lna=(elna)b
=
a
b
=a^b
=ab
=
e
ln
(
a
b
)
=e^{\ln(a^b)}
=eln(ab)
exp
x
\exp x
expx单调,所以
b
⋅
ln
a
=
ln
(
a
b
)
b\cdot \ln a =\ln (a^b)
b⋅lna=ln(ab)。
或者等式两边同时取对数,亦证。
换底公式
证明: log a b = log c b log c a \log_a{b}=\frac{\log_c{b}}{\log_c{a}} logab=logcalogcb
log
c
b
log
c
a
=
log
c
a
log
a
b
log
c
a
\frac{\log_c{b}}{\log_c{a}}=\frac{\log_c{a^{\log_a{b}}}}{\log_c{a}}
logcalogcb=logcalogcalogab
=
log
a
b
⋅
log
c
a
log
c
a
=\frac{{\log_a{b}\cdot\log_c{a}}}{\log_c{a}}
=logcalogab⋅logca
=
log
a
b
=\log_a{b}
=logab
有理系数公式
(23.11.14更)
证明:
log
a
n
b
m
=
m
n
log
a
b
\log_{a^n}{b^m} = \frac{m}{n}\log_{a}{b}
loganbm=nmlogab
log
a
n
b
m
=
m
log
a
n
b
\log_{a^n}{b^m} =m\log_{a^n}{b}
loganbm=mloganb
=
m
(
log
a
b
log
a
a
n
)
=m (\frac{{\log_a{b}}}{\log_a{a^n}})
=m(logaanlogab)
=
m
n
log
a
b
= \frac{m}{n}\log_{a}{b}
=nmlogab