本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
原作者：K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制
我的环境：
1.语言：python3.7
2.编译器：pycharm
3.深度学习环境：
torch 1.8.0 + cu111
torchvision 0.9.0 + cu111
一、前期准备
1、设置GPU
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)cuda
2、导入数据
import os,PIL,random,pathlib
data_dir = "E:\weather_photos"
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[2] for path in data_paths]
print(classeNames)使用pathlib.Path()函数将字符串类型的文件夹路径转换为pathlib.Path对象。接下来，使用glob方法获取data_dir路径下的所有文件路径，并将它们以列表形式存储在data_paths中。 通过对data_paths中每个文件路径执行split("\")操作，可以得到各个文件所属的类别名称，并将这些名称以列表形式存储在classeNames中。 最后，打印classeNames列表，显示每个文件所属的类别名称。
['cloudy', 'rain', 'shine', 'sunrise']
# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
# transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
test_transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("E:\weather_photos",transform=train_transforms)
total_datatransforms.Compose()用于构建数据预处理的操作序列。它可以将多个transform操作组合在一起，以便在数据加载和训练过程中应用这些操作。
-
transforms.Resize([224, 224])：将图像大小调整为指定的尺寸，这里是将图像的宽度和高度分别调整为224。 -
transforms.ToTensor()：将图像转换为张量形式，将像素值从0-255缩放到0-1之间。 -
transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])：对图像进行归一化处理，通过减去均值(mean)再除以标准差(std)，以使得图像在各个通道上的数值分布接近于标准正态分布。这里给出的均值和标准差是用于ImageNet数据集训练的经验值。
Dataset ImageFolder
Number of datapoints: 1125
Root location: E:\weather_photos
StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear)
ToTensor()
Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
)
print(total_data.class_to_idx){'cloudy': 0, 'rain': 1, 'shine': 2, 'sunrise': 3}
3、划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
print(train_dataset)
print(test_dataset)train_size变量表示训练集大小，通过将总体数据长度的80%转换为整数得到；test_size变量则表示测试集大小，是总体数据长度减去训练集大小。
使用torch.utils.data.random_split方法进行数据集划分。该方法将总体数据total_data按照指定的大小比例（[train_size, test_size]）随机划分为训练集和测试集，并将划分结果分别赋值给train_dataset和test_dataset两个变量。
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset object at 0x0000017DC1CDDA48>
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset object at 0x0000017DC1CDDB48>
batch_size = 4
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
)batch_size = 4 表示每个批次加载的样本数量为4个，即每次训练或测试的时候都会同时处理4个样本。
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1) 创建了一个训练集的数据加载器。train_dataset是训练集的数据集对象，batch_size指定每个批次加载的样本数量，shuffle=True表示在每个epoch（整个训练集迭代一次）之前将训练集打乱顺序，num_workers=1表示使用一个线程来加载数据。同理test_dl创建了一个测试集的数据加载器。
for X, y in test_dl:
print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
break 使用了一个循环来遍历 test_dl 数据加载器对象。每次迭代都会返回一批输入图像 X 和对应的标签 y。第一个 print 语句显示了 X 的形状，预期为 [N, C, H, W]。这里，N 表示批量大小，C 表示通道数（通常为灰度图像为1或RGB图像为3），H 表示图像的高度，W 表示图像的宽度。第二个 print 语句显示了 y 的形状，表示标签的形状。此外，还显示了标签的数据类型（dtype）。break 语句用于在打印第一个批次的形状和数据类型信息后退出循环。
Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([4]) torch.int64
X的形状为[N, C, H, W]，其中N表示样本的数量，C表示通道数，H表示图像的高度，W表示图像的宽度。具体地，X的形状是torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])。
y的形状为torch.Size([4])，类型为torch.int64，代表了标签的值。其中32表示有32个样本的标签。
二、搭建包含C3模块的模型
1、搭建模型
import torch.nn.functional as F
def autopad(k, p=None): # kernel, padding
# Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] # auto-pad
return p
class Conv(nn.Module):
# Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
def forward(self, x):
return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class C3(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # act=FReLU(c2)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))
class model_K(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(model_K, self).__init__()
# 卷积模块
self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2)
# C3模块1
self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)
# 全连接网络层，用于分类
self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.Conv(x)
x = self.C3_1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
x = self.classifier(x)
return x
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
model = model_K().to(device)
print(model)Using cuda device
model_K(
(Conv): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_1): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(1): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(2): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(classifier): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
)
2.查看模型详细
# 统计模型参数量以及其他指标
import torchsummary as summary
print(summary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224)))通过调用torchsummary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))函数，将打印出以下信息：
- 模型的总参数数量：表示模型中所有参数的总数量。
- 每一层的参数数量：表示每一层（包括卷积层、全连接层等）的参数数量。
- 模型的整体结构：以表格形式展示模型的各个层级结构，包括输入尺寸、输出尺寸和可训练参数数量等。
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 864
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-3 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-7 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-11 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-15 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-17 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-18 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-19 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-20 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-21 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-24 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-26 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-27 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-28 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-29 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-30 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-33 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-35 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-36 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-37 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-38 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-39 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-40 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-41 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 128
SiLU-42 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Conv-43 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
C3-44 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Linear-45 [-1, 100] 80,281,700
ReLU-46 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-47 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------
三、训练模型
1.编写训练函数
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss在for循环中，代码遍历dataloader中的每个批次，每次迭代都会获取一批图像和对应的标签，其中X表示图像，y表示标签。
代码计算神经网络模型model对图像X的预测输出，并使用loss_fn函数计算预测输出和真实标签y之间的差距，将结果赋值给变量loss。
在每次迭代中，代码还记录了预测准确的样本数量，并将其累加到train_acc中。同时，将损失值loss.item()累加到train_loss中。
循环结束后，代码根据训练集的大小和批次数目，计算平均训练准确率train_acc和平均训练损失train_loss。
2.编写测试函数
测试函数和训练函数大致相同，但是由于不进行梯度下降对网络权重进行更新，所以不需要传入优化器
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
# 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss在for循环中，代码遍历dataloader中的每个批次，在每次迭代中获取一批图像数据imgs和对应的标签target。同样地，将图像数据和标签转移到调用代码的设备上。 然后，代码使用神经网络模型model对图像数据imgs进行预测，并使用loss_fn函数计算预测输出和真实标签target之间的差距，将结果赋值给变量loss。
循环结束后，代码根据测试集的大小和批次数目，计算平均测试准确率test_acc和平均测试损失test_loss。
3.正式训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
epochs = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
best_acc = 0 # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
# 保存最佳模型到 best_model
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
# 获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch + 1, epoch_train_acc * 100, epoch_train_loss,
epoch_test_acc * 100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = 'E:\pythonProject pytorch\best_model.pth' # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')Epoch: 1, Train_acc:71.7%, Train_loss:1.183, Test_acc:81.3%, Test_loss:0.806, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:88.3%, Train_loss:0.373, Test_acc:82.7%, Test_loss:0.840, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:92.0%, Train_loss:0.290, Test_acc:85.3%, Test_loss:0.492, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:94.9%, Train_loss:0.155, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:0.598, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:97.1%, Train_loss:0.097, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.543, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:97.4%, Train_loss:0.076, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:0.711, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:98.1%, Train_loss:0.063, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.571, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:98.8%, Train_loss:0.047, Test_acc:91.6%, Test_loss:0.536, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.016, Test_acc:84.0%, Test_loss:1.126, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:98.0%, Train_loss:0.068, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.709, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.020, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.528, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:98.7%, Train_loss:0.060, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:1.237, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:98.6%, Train_loss:0.062, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.953, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:98.2%, Train_loss:0.049, Test_acc:85.3%, Test_loss:1.279, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:98.2%, Train_loss:0.076, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:1.029, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:99.0%, Train_loss:0.032, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.769, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:99.0%, Train_loss:0.027, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:1.090, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:99.4%, Train_loss:0.011, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.656, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.018, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.816, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:100.0%, Train_loss:0.002, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.774, Lr:1.00E-04
四、 结果可视化
1. Loss与Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
2.模型评估
best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)
print(epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss)
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