Directions: Match the word or phrase in the first column with its translation in the second column. (10%)
| 1. Monograph | A. 学报 |
| 2. Encyclopedia | B. 参考书目 |
| 3. Acta | C. 专著 |
| 4. Transliteration | D. 音译 |
| 5. Abstract | E. 会议 |
| 6. Bibliography | F. 百科全书 |
| 7. Review | G. 研讨会 |
| 8. Symposium | H. 评论 |
| 9. Conference | I. 摘要 |
| 10. Journal | J. 期刊 |
1. _____ 2.______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. _____ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
答案
1. ___C__ 2.___F___ 3. ___A___ 4. __D____ 5. __I____
6. __B___ 7. __H____ 8. ___G___ 9. ___E___ 10. ___J___
| 1. Full length paper | A. 征稿启事 |
| 2. Sponsoring organization | B. 会议编委会 |
| 3. Call for papers | C. 全文 |
| 4. Submission of papers | D. 提交论文 |
| 5. Conference venue and fees | E. 信息牌/布告栏 |
| 6. Conference editorial board | F. 主办单位 |
| 7. Review | G. 客车服务 |
| 8. Limousine service | H. 评审、审稿 |
| 9. Message board | I. 会址和会费 |
| 10. Audio visual facilities | J. 视听设施 |
1-5 CFADI 6-10 BHGEJ
What is a proposal?（提议建议）
How many types of proposals do you think there are?
What are the basic elements of a proposal? 2018
1. Definition: A proposal is a suggestion or request that some particular action be taken.
提案是采取某些特定行动的建议或请求。
A proposal is a written offer to solve a technical problem in a particular way,
提案是以特定方式解决技术问题的书面提议，
under a specified plan of management, or for a specified compensation.
根据指定的管理规定，或为特定的补偿。
2. Classification: There are 3 kinds of proposals.
1) informal suggestions非正式建议
2) semiformal proposals半正式提案
3) formal proposals.正式提案
3. Format of Proposal: there are 5 essential elements of a proposal.
1) statement of need需求声明
2) project objectives项目目标
3) statement of procedures过程的说明
4) statement of strengths优势的说明
5) a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the program.一种评估计划有效性的方法。
What are General Contents of Literature Reviews?什么是文献综述的一般内容
A good literature review usually
- (1) includes the background, the prior work, present disputes（目前的争议（目前存在的问题））, current development and prospect, etc. of the subject the review is about（审查的主题）;
- (2) reveals the author's rigorous严谨 and objective comments;揭示了作者严谨客观的评论;
- (3) provides the reader with a great number of references.
What are General Contents of Book Reviews?书评
- A good book review is always within the scope of three elements:
- (1) it tells what the book is about, that is to bring it to the attention of people who may not know of it or may not have considered it properly正确;
- (2) it asserts a judgment断言判决 of the book's worth, that is to offer an assessment of its worth and usefulness;
- (3) it defends that judgment.它为这一判决辩护。 Besides, some reviews undertake to承诺 familiarize the reader with the background of the book, the history of the subject, or the context of issues the book is related to.本书相关问题的背景
Ⅱ.Decide whether the following statements about literature reading and translation are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%) 2019
1. Different literature may have different linguistic features语言特征 although they do have similar characteristics in common.尽管它们确实具有相似的共同特征。
2. When writing research articles, you must acknowledge the source of your ideas and quotes in sufficient detail so that those reading can locate the item.
3. An index is a list of words or phrases ('headings') 索引是单词或短语（“标题”）的列表··```
and the corresponding page number(s) that heading can be found in a document.
以及可以在文档中找到该标题的相应页码。
正确答案：相关指针（“定位符”），通常是页码、段落编号或章节编号。
4. The word “medicare” is formed by affixation词缀. 正确答案blending混合；调配；混和物
5. Book review is a kind of research writing which was published in a newspaper or periodical that announces the publication of a new book.书评是一种发表在报纸或期刊上的研究写作，宣布出版新书。
6. A journal may be interdisciplinary各学科间, or it may concentrate on a specific theme such as environmental conservation.
7. An index enables users to be selective in the information they read and helps them find the particular item they want without having to read all the other items in the collection.无需阅读集合中的所有其他项目。
8. Abstracts are included with various kinds of scientific publications摘要包含在各种科学出版物中 or appear alone in all kinds of abstracting and indexing databases.或单独出现在各种抽象和索引数据库中
9. The wide use of the passive voice is considered to be one of the outstanding features of the English language, especially in scientific documents.被动语态的广泛使用被认为是英语的突出特征之一，尤其是在科学文献中。
10. If we are called upon to translate documents on a specific question, we don’t need to acquire some knowledge of the subject matter or the relevant aspect of science and technology if we have a fairly good command of the languages involved.
如果我们被要求翻译特定问题的文件，如果我们对所涉及的语言有相当好的掌握，我们就不需要获得一些关于主题或科学和技术相关方面的知识。错的太明显了
(1)-(5) TTFFT (6)-(10) TTTTF
1-5 TTF associated pointers ('locators'), typically page numbers, paragraph numbers or section numbers. F.blending T 6-10 TTTTF don’t, omitted
Directions: Read the abstract and answer the following two questions: (10%) 2019
- Which type of abstract does it belong to? Why? (4%)
- Analyze the basic components of this abstract in the following aspects: topic of the present research, the research scope, current development, existing problem, methods, findings and conclusions. (6%)
(1) A mast failure桅杆故障 at sea can cause a potentially catastrophic communication breakdown; therefore, the Navy 海军has an extensive program to investigate mast damage while the submarine潜艇 is at port在港口.
(2)The present method for determining the extent of damage损坏程度 to a mast involves tapping it敲击 to try to hear the waterlogged areas浸水区 that might indicate a void or crack.表示空隙或裂缝
(3)However, this method is highly inaccurate, leading to two problems: 1.the scrapping of masts桅杆报废 that could be repaired, and the faulty repair of masts that have to be taken out of service again.必须再次停止使用的桅杆的错误维修。
(4)The research reported here concerns a study to determine whether any commercially available ultrasonic test equipment would improve the accuracy of the mast damage program.
是否有任何市售的超声波检测设备可以提高桅杆损坏程序的准确性。
(5)Our conclusion is that the ultrasonic scanner from Ultrasonic Testing Inc. would do an excellent job.
(6)This system sends ultrasonic waves from a transducer through the mast to another transducer,
从一个换能器通过桅杆到另一个换能器， determining the number, nature性质, and locations of any defects, this unit also plots a map of the defects, enabling analysts分析人员 to determine whether the mast is repairable.
Which type of abstract does it belong to? Why? (4%)
- This abstract is an informative one (2%) because it summarizes as much as possible the essential elements of the document, including not only the information that can be found in an indicative abstract (purpose, scope, and methods), but also the important findings and conclusions of the research.(2%)
- Analyze the basic components of this abstract in the following aspects: topic of the present research, the research scope, current development, existing problem, methods, findings and conclusions. (6%)
- The basic components of this abstract: (1 *6=6%)
Sentence 1: research topic; Sentence 2: current development;
Sentence 3: existing problem; Sentence 4: the research scope/ purpose;
Sentence 5: findings and conclusions; Sentence 6: methods
Directions : Answer the following questions. (10%) 2019
1) What are the three kinds of reports and their contents?这三种报告及其内容是什么？
2) Which kind of the report does the following report belong to?以下报表属于哪种报表
3) Please illustrate the linguistic features of reports based on the following material.
请根据以下材料说明报告的语言特点。
1) We may take the form as the criterion for classifying reports: informal reports, semiformal reports and formal reports. Each of them can be sub- divided into several kinds. Informal reports are short, each containing one to three pages of narrative and occasionally attachments such as drawings, photographs, and statistics, etc. Often they are issued in a memorandum or letter form. Semiformal reports refer to reports of the following kinds: test and laboratory reports, investigation or evaluation reports and suggestions and proposals, etc. Formal Reports have a much more commanding presence than informal or even semiformal reports. Internally, their information is compartmentalized and carefully spaced to convey confidence from start to finish. (4%)
2) It is an informal report. (1%)
3) Linguistic Features of Reports (5%；最佳答案应结合材料适当包含解释。)
a. Various Patterns. Classified according to their different forms, reports are different in styles and patterns. There are Letter form report, Schematic form report, Short report (or Summary report), and Mixed form report.
b. Self-sufficient. A report should be serf-sufficient. That is, anyone who is likely to read it should be able to do so without having to rely on his/her memory or consult his/her files for extra information.
c. More Active Voice. The pronoun “I” is readily evident in the informal memo reports.
d. Clear Citation. Credit should be given to the information source.
e. Standard Language. Every report has a thesis--or point of view--unless it is purely descriptive, and the writer must make sure that the thesis is supported by the research. The language used is normally not complex but straightforward. It is brief yet fully informative. Avoid cluttering the narrative with unnecessary words and expressions. Present facts clearly and in logical sequence. The conclusion should be general and not too abrupt, and it should follow logically from what has preceded it.
Directions : Answer the following questions. (10%) 2019
1) What are the three kinds of reports and their contents?
2) Which kind of the report does the following report belong to?
3) Please illustrate the linguistic features of reports based on the following material.
1) What are the three kinds of reports and their contents?
2) Which kind of the report does the following report belong to?
3) Please illustrate the linguistic features of reports based on the following material.
1) We may take the form as the criterion for classifying reports: informal reports, semiformal reports and formal reports.
Each of them can be sub- divided into several kinds. 细分为几种。
Informal reports are short, each containing one to three pages of narrative and occasionally attachments每页都包含一到三页的叙述，偶尔附有附件 such as drawings, photographs, and statistics, etc. Often they are issued in a memorandum or letter form. 如图纸、照片和统计数据等。它们通常以备忘录或信件的形式发布。
Semiformal reports refer to reports of the following kinds半正式报告是指以下类型的报告: test and laboratory reports, investigation or evaluation reports and suggestions and proposals, etc.
测试和实验室报告，调查或评估报告以及建议和提议等。
Formal Reports have a much more commanding presence than informal or even semiformal reports.
比非正式甚至半正式的报告更具指挥性。
Internally, their information is compartmentalized and carefully spaced to convey confidence from start to finish.信息被划分并仔细间隔，以从头到尾传达信心。 (4%)
2) It is an informal report. (1%)
3) Linguistic Features of Reports (5%；最佳答案应结合材料适当包含解释。)
a. Various Patterns. Classified according to their different forms, reports are different in styles and patterns. There are Letter form report, Schematic form report, Short report (or Summary report), and Mixed form report.各种模式。根据形式不同分类，报告在样式和模式上也不同。有信函报告、原理图报告、简短报告（或摘要报告）和混合形式报告。
b. Self-sufficient. A report should be serf-sufficient. That is, anyone who is likely to read it should be able to do so without having to rely on his/her memory or consult his/her files for extra information. 自给自足。报告应该足以满足信息丰富要求。也就是说，任何可能阅读它的人都应该能够这样做，而不必依赖他/她的记忆或查阅他/她的文件以获取额外信息。
c. More Active Voice. The pronoun “I” is readily evident in the informal memo reports.
更活跃的声音。代词“我”在非正式备忘录报告中显而易见。
d. Clear Citation. Credit should be given to the information source..
引文清晰。应注明信息来源。
e. Standard Language. Every report has a thesis--or point of view--unless it is purely descriptive, and the writer must make sure that the thesis is supported by the research. The language used is normally not complex but straightforward. It is brief yet fully informative. Avoid cluttering the narrative with unnecessary words and expressions. Present facts clearly and in logical sequence. The conclusion should be general and not too abrupt, and it should follow logically from what has preceded it.标准语言。每份报告都有一个论文或观点，除非它是纯粹的描述性的，作者必须确保论文得到研究的支持。使用的语言通常并不复杂，但很简单。它简短但内容丰富。避免用不必要的词语和表达来弄乱叙述。清晰地按逻辑顺序呈现事实。结论应该是笼统的，不要太突兀，而且应该从前面的内容合乎逻辑地得出。
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (10%) 2019
Parallel computing (并行计算) is a critical component of the computing technology of the 90s,
and it is likely to have as much impact over the next twenty years as microprocessors have had over the past twenty.
Indeed, the two technologies are closely linked, as the evolution of highly integrated microprocessors and memory chips is making multiprocessor systems increasingly attractive.
Already multiprocessors represent the high performance end of almost every segment of the computing market,
from the fastest supercomputers, to departmental compute servers, to the individual desktop.
In the past, computer vendors employed a range of technologies to provide increasing performance across their product line.
Today, the same state-of-the-art microprocessor（最先进的微处理器） is used throughout.
To obtain a significant range of performance, the simplest approach is to increase the number of processors, and the economies of scale make this extremely attractive.
Very soon, several processors will fit on a single chip.
并行计算是上世纪90年代计算技术的关键组成部分，
在未来二十年里产生的影响将超过微处理器在过去二十年中的影响。
实际上，两种技术紧密相关，高度集成的微处理器和存储器芯片的演变使得多处理器系统越来越具有吸引力。
多处理器系统业已成为几乎每一细分计算机市场的高性能产品的标配，从最快的超级计算机，到部门计算服务器，一直到个人使用的台式机。过去，计算机厂商采用依次增强技术性能的方式配置其产品系列。今天，最先进的微处理器在所有产品中一贯到底。为了获得显著的性能差异，最简单的方法是增加处理器数量，规模经济使这一点极具吸引力。很快将出现多个处理器在单一芯片上的集成。
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (10%)2019
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.
Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation
*1.Definition of Literature 仅供参考
Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations.
a set of works on a particular subject; printed material, esp. giving information; the body of writings on a particular subject (scientific literature)
As an important means for preserving knowledge, literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为人类宝贵的资源宝藏，大大促进了人类社会的进步。
all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and the crystallization of human civilization.一切文献都是前人的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载，是人类文化的结晶。
*2. Classification of Literature
1) Textbooks教科书、课本
2) Monographs专著
3) Papers论文
4) Encyclopedias百科全书
5) Periodicals期刊
6) Special Documentation特殊文档、专用文件
*3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature (简答题或者结合文本分析)
Stylistically文体上, literature is a kind of formal writing. A formal writing is a more serious approach to a subject of great importance and it avoids all colloquial expressions. Scientific literature deals objectively with the study of facts or problems; analyses on literature are based on relevant data.
Syntactically句法结构上, scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary单质.
Morphologically词法学上, scientific literature is featured by high specialization高度专业化, the use of technical terms 术语and jargons行话, unambiguous implication明确的含义 and the fixed sense of the word.
Besides, non-verbal language （gestures and body language） is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc. for the sake of accuracy, brevity, and clarity.
Different literatures may have different linguistic features although they do have similar characteristics in common.
- Search for Relevant Literature
- Global Search全局搜索
- Specific Search特定搜索
- Processed Search加工搜索
In the final analysis, to digest and absorb useful information is the ultimate purpose of literature search and reading. It is also a process of reading, selecting, sorting, synthesizing, commenting, rationalizing, systematizing, reprocessing, etc.
- Translation Skills (1): Translation in General and Translation of Special Literature
Translation is a rendering (翻译；呈现 )of ideas or concepts from one language into another.
-
- Principles or Criteria of Translation
*(How do you understand Mr. Yan’s three-word guide? What’s your understanding of the Principles or Criteria of Translation? )
Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu’s “three-character guide”--xin, da, ya, namely, “faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅)”, which was first proposed in 1898, would evoke controversy.
Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principles of scientific literature translation.
-
- Literal Translation and Free Translation
*(What are literal translation and free translation? What principles should a translator abide by in applying them?)
The so-called literal translation, superficially speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original.” It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text (discourse) into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. Furthermore, it strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.
Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.
There is no absolute “literal” or entirely “free” version in the practice of translation, and overemphasizing either of them would result in ridiculous consequences.
-
- Translation Techniques
(What do you know about translation techniques in general? and scientific literature translation in particular?)
Speaking of translation techniques, we differ from those who tend to ignore them, or dismiss them lightly as something inconsequential不重要的. On the other hand, we also differ from those who tend to exaggerate the importance of “translation techniques”, or look upon them as “panacea.”['pænə'siə]灵丹妙药
Different kinds of materials to be translated require different stresses in their rendering. Scientific materials stress their preciseness; novels and stories, their plots and characters; poetry, its emotion. And in document and scientific literature translation, we should take into consideration various aspects: the contents, the original form, the style, the wording, and so on, trying our best to be faithful to the original.
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques frequently applied in English-Chinese translation include: (1) Diction (选词用字); (2) Amplification (增益); (3) Omission (省略); (4) Repetition (重复); (5) Conversion (转换); (6) Rearrangement (词译调整); (7) Negation (正说反译，反说正译); (8) Division (长句拆译).
Unit 2 Professional Papers（4hrs）
1. Definition of professional papers
(How is a professional paper defined? What is your understanding of a professional paper?)
A professional paper is a typewritten paper打印稿 in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.
A professional paper must conform to a special format, which governs the entire paper from the placing of the title to the width of the margins, and to the notation used in acknowledging（承认、致谢） material drawn from other sources.
A professional paper differs from other non-professional essays in that it involves the use of library sources from which facts, quotations, and the opinions of others are drawn to explain , support , or authenticate验证 ideas in the paper.
2.Classification of professional papers
(How are professional papers classified? What are the similarities and differences between/among them?)
1) Report Paper
The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of another on a particular subject. The writer neither judges nor evaluates the findings, but merely catalogs them in a sensible sequence.
2) Research paper
A research paper can be intelligent, well informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions. It draws its material from many sources and aims to assemble facts and ideas by studying them to draw new conclusions on the basis of obtained data, observed facts , or to present the material in the light of a new interest.
3) Course Paper
Course papers are written after a specific course is learned or are designed at the end of a term.(also called “term paper”)
4) Thesis Paper
Unlike report papers, the thesis paper takes a definite stand on an issue. A thesis is a proposition命题 or point of view that a writer or speaker is willing to argue against or defend.
Writing a thesis paper requires a writer to exercise judgment, evaluate evidence, and construct a logical argument, whereas writing a report paper does not.
*3. Linguistic Features of Professional Papers
1) Formal Style 文风正式
Being impersonal and free from emotional factors is one of the important features in professional writing. The need to be formal comes from the fact that science reflects the objective facts, and it is free from bias and prejudice.
Generally speaking, formal writing sets an unusually high value on objectivity, meticulousness, accuracy, and restraint.
2) Specialize d Terms 使用专业术语、用词专业
The terms in professional papers are typically specialized.
In different fields, the meanings of the same word are different. Even in the same field, the meanings of the same word may vary slightly due to its different collocations. What is more, a great number of professional words and terms can only be understood by the specialists in the fields.
3) Rigid Sentence Structure 句式结构严谨
4) Formatted Elements格式化要素
A complete professional paper usually has a regular format composed of the following elements: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, introduction, body of the paper, acknowledgments, appendices, references or bibliography, etc.
4. Search for Professional Papers
(Where can you search for different kinds of papers from various sources?)
1) Journals期刊 2) Acta['ɑktɑ]学报
3) Bulletins, Circulars or Gazettes公告、通告或宪报
4) Rapid Communications 快讯 5) Reviews评论 6) Proceedings会议记录
7) Dissertation Abstract International (DAI)《国际学位论文文摘》
8) Comprehensive Dissertation Index (CDI)《学位论文综合索引》
9) On line Access to Dissertation
Translation Skills (2): Diction
By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
Great care is called for in the translation of “familiar” English words into Chinese, as their meanings vary with the change in collocation or context.
In comparison with Chinese, English words are more flexible both in form and in meaning.(例子)
Unit Three Reports
*1. Definition of Report
A report is a form of communication in which the writer gives information to some person or organization because it is his/her responsibility to do so.
It may be short, simple, and intended for a single reader or it may be long, elaborate, and printed at great expense.
*2. Content of Report (分析题：组成成分、要素:参见 文中报告分析)
Reports are usually expected to include the following:
(1) Information or the data that the writer has been able to collect, which may be general or detailed.
(2) Calculations which the writer has been able to work out after considering all the data that he/she has been able to collect.
(3) Conclusions at the end of the report in addition to those referred to above. The purpose of the latter is to make it easier for the reader to follow the line of argument the author has chosen, and, if these conclusions are included, they should also be referred to or summarized in the main conclusion division at the end of the report.
(4) A recommended course of action, with the recommendations clearly based on the conclusions that the author has previously mentioned.
*3. Classification of Reports
(Do you know how many kinds of reports there are?)
(What is the difference between informal reports and formal reports?)
3.1 Informal Reports
Informal reports are short, each containing one to three pages of narrative and occasionally attachments. Often issued in a memorandum or letter form, they generally include: incident reports, field trip reports, inspection reports, progress reports, short investigation reports, etc.
3.2 Semiformal Reports
Semiformal reports refer to reports of the following kinds: test and laboratory reports, investigation or evaluation reports and suggestions and proposals, etc.
3.3 Formal Reports
Formal reports have a much more commanding presence than informal or even semiformal reports. A formal report is more likely to be referred to as a feasibility study, an investigation or evaluation report, a product analysis, or a project report.
- Linguistic Features of Reports
(Discuss your understanding of the linguistic features of reports with your partner.)
-
- Various Patterns
- Letter form report
- Schematic form report
- Short report (or Summary report)
- Mixed form report
- Self-sufficient
- More Active Voice
- Clear Citation
- Standard Language
- Various Patterns
Unit 4 Abstracts （2hs）
*1. Definition of Abstracts
An abstract is a brief and self-contained summary and an accurate representation of the contents of a document.
The purpose of an abstract is to provide prospective readers the opportunity to judge the relevance of the longer work to their projects.
*2. Classification of Abstracts
2.1. Indicative (or descriptive abstracts) (指示性、说明性摘要)
An indicative abstract or descriptive abstract is one that describes the type and nature of the work abstracted, indicating the principal subjects 主要议题covered and providing a brief description of the way the facts are treated and the methods or techniques that are being reported.
This type of abstract simply describes the kinds of information in a documen. It does not provide any material contents 具体信息of the documents, such as results or conclusions of the research. They are usually very short----no more than 150 words.
2.2. Informative abstracts（信息类、资料性摘要）
An informative abstract includes not only the information that can be found in an indicative abstract (purpose, scope, and methods), but also the important findings and conclusions of the research.
2.3. indicative / informative abstracts (综合性)
Indicative/ informative abstract presents a summary of the essential arguments and findings of the original, whilst those aspects of the document that are of minor significance are treated indicatively.
2.4. Author abstract
Author abstracts are abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.
2.5. Slanted abstract （倾向性摘要）
A Slanted abstract is an abstract giving emphasis to a particular aspect of a document to cater for the specialized interest of a particular group of readers.
2.6. Telegraphic abstract
A telegraphic abstract is an abstract consisting of a set of keywords indicating the subject content of the document.
2.7. Mini-abstract
A mini-abstract is just an extension of the title, brief and easy to write. It’s mainly used in some publications that aim at a fast transmission of some updated information.
2.8 Mission-oriented abstract
A mission-oriented abstract is an abstract for a specialized purpose addressing the interests of a particular group of readers. It is very similar to a slanted abstract.
2.9 Finding-oriented abstract
2.10 Highlight abstract突出显示摘要
3．Linguistic Features of Abstracts
3.1 Using Topic, Supporting, and Concluding Sentences
3.2 Using Brief but Informative Sentences
3.3 Arranging in One Paragraph
3.4 Being Concise
4. Search for Abstracts
4.1 Science Abstract科学文摘
4.2 Science Research Abstracts Journal (1972.--)科学文摘杂志
4.3 Information Science Abstract (1966--) 信息科学文摘
4.4 Dissertation Abstracts International Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (1938--)国际论文摘要 B：科学与工程
Since abstracts are included in various kinds of scientific publications or appear alone in all kinds of abstracting and indexing databases, they should be constructed to make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.
*Sample Analysis /Sample I （对比分析，确定摘要类型及原因，分析摘要的组成成分）
Abstract (descriptive) Abstract (Informative)
这里提供的两份摘要出于同一份报告(report)。 比较这两种摘要可以发现
1．两份文摘前面部分完全相同；
2．descriptive abstract把问题进行了概述但对研究结果未提及，而在informational abstract中，文摘提供了主要研究结果。因此，信息型文摘提供的信息比叙述型文摘要多。
Sample 2
- Translation Skills :Technical Terms
- Affixation词缀法 / 8.2. Compounding复合构词法 (translated literally)
8.3. Blending拼缀法 ( literal translation i)
8.4. Acronyms缩写 / 8.5. Proper Nouns:Transliteration音译 is usually adopted in dealing with such terms, and at the same time, labels that indicate the nature of such words are added to the corresponding translation.
9. Special Attention: The Translation of Abstracts
1. Be aware of the purpose of the abstract to be translated. Make sure whether it serves to help the reader by offering him/her a brief summary of the document, or to provide an abbreviated basis for decision making.
2. Be familiar with the entire document whose abstract is to be translated.
Unit 5. Proposals
*5.1．Definition of Proposal
A proposal is a suggestion or request that some particular action be taken. A proposal is a written offer to solve a technical problem in a particular way, under a specified plan of management, or for a specified compensation.
In the above definition, “written offer to solve a technical problem”, “specified plan of management”, and “for a specified compensation” are the main elements of a proposal.
5.2．Classification of Proposals
5.2.1 Informal Suggestions
A suggestion offers an idea and briefly discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
5.2.2 Semiformal Proposals
A semifinal proposal presents ideas for resolving a problem or improving a situation, evaluates them against certain criteria, and often recommends what action should be taken.
5.2.3 Formal Proposals
A formal proposal describes an organization’s plans for carrying out a large project for a major client, such as the government.
Formal proposals(i.e., research proposals, project proposals, etc.) are often prepared in response to a Request for Proposal(RFP) or Bid Request (BR) and are almost always submitted as bound books similar to a formal report.
5.3．Format of Proposal
(What are the main elements of a proposal?) 分析题
5.3.1 Statement of Need
A good starting point for any proposal is establishing a need for funds or restating the proposal-writer’s understanding of the needs as described in the RFP（招标书）.
5.3.2 Project objectives
Once the proposal-writer’s need for the funding has been established, he/she must outline the objectives of the project, describing exactly what the proposal-writer’s plans to accomplish.
5.3.3 Statement of procedures
The statement of procedures tells how the proposal-writer will conduct this project.
5.3.4 Statement of Strength
A statement of strength is an opportunity for the proposal-writer to tell why he/she or his/her organization should be awarded this money and what qualifications the proposal-writer have that will assure that he/she succeed.
5.3.5 Evaluation
The purpose of the evaluation is to measure the degree to which the proposal-writer’s project accomplishes the objectives stated.
Unit 6. Conference Documents
(相关术语翻译、阅读分析、回答)
- Definition of Conference Documents
Conference documents are printed materials distributed before or at or after a conference,
2. Classification of Conference Documents
2.1 Documents in the Preparation of a Conference or Symposium
2.2 Documents Distributed at a Conference or Symposium
2.3 Documents Distributed after a Conference or Symposium
3. Search for Conference Documents
3.1 Conference Papers Index
3.2 Proceedings in Print
There are four different approaches to searching for Conference Papers Index, by retrieving the scientific discipline, by retrieving the conference (name, date, or location), by retrieving the specific subject, and by retrieving the author.
Terminology and Institutions Concerned with Conference Documents
1. Call for Papers
2. conference themes
3. submission of papers
4. Conference venue and fees
5. Conference editorial board编辑委员会
6. Registration
7.Conference Proceedings
(How many kinds of conference documents do you know? And what are their names?)
Unit 7 Reviews
1. Definition of Review
A review, as opposed to a survey, should be a critical and literally documented有文字记录的 assessment of a work on a specific subject or in a particular field.
2. Classification of Reviews
1) Literature Review
Literature review is written on a particular subject (or a specialty) through analysis, study, synthesis, comment on the basis of extensively referencing professional materials both at home and abroad.
2) Book Review
Book review is a kind of research writing, an article published in a newspaper or periodical that announces the publication of a new book .It tells what the book is about and evaluates it. As far as the content of a review is concerned, the reviewer, after stating the title, author, publisher, and price of the book, should tell what the book is about and why it is judged to be worthy or unworthy.
3. Linguistic Features of Reviews
1) General Contents of Book Reviews
A good book review is always within the scope of three elements: (1) it tells what the book is about, that is to bring it to the attention of people who may not know of it or may not have considered it properly; (2) it asserts a judgment of the book's worth, that is to offer an assessment of its worth and usefulness; and (3) it defends that judgment. Besides, some reviews undertake to familiarize the reader with the background of the book, the history of the subject, or the context of issues the book is related to.
2) General Contents of Literature Reviews
A good literature review usually (1) includes the background, the prior work, present disputes, current development and prospect, etc. of the subject the review is about; (2) reveals the author's rigorous严格 and objective comments; (3) provides the reader with a great number of references.
4. Search for Reviews
1) Book Review Digest (BRD). New York
2) Book Review Index (BRI). Detroit
3) Media Review Digest. Ann Arbor, Michigan
Translation Skills (7): Technical Terms (记构词法并每个一例)
Since all of technical terms are formed in accordance with the basic rules of word-formation, a survey of the formation of them would be very helpful to our translation work.
1. Affixation
Affixation includes prefixion and suffixation
2. Compounding
The combination of two or more words to form a new word is called compounding.
3. Blending
This is a variant of compounding, consisting in omitting the latter part of the first word and clipping off the first part of the second word.
4. Acronyms
By acronym, we mean the formation of a word made up of the first letters of the name of something.
- Proper Nouns
Many of the technical terms in English are borrowed from proper nouns such as names of people, places, firms, trade marks, organizations, and so on.
Unit 8. Indexes and Bibliography（索引和书目）
8.1Definition of indexes/ bibliography
8.1.1.Indexes索引
8.1.1 .1Definition of indexes
Index is a systematically arranged list giving enough information about each item to enable it to be identified and traced, a list of the subjects or topics contained in a book, magazine, computerized data base, collection of audio-visual materials, encyclopedia, or other compilation汇编物 of recorded information.
Index entries条目 consist of two parts: a heading and a locator定位器.
Index headings identify the subjects, usually in a word or phrase describing them, and are arranged in a predetermined filing order (usually alphabetic).
Index locators tell where the subjects are discussed in the material that has been indexed. In back-of-the book indexes, the locators are usually page numbers.
8.1.1.2The goal of an index
It is to provide a quick, easy and unambiguous access to the information in the materials that has been indexed.
8.1.2 Bibliography 书目
Bibliography, as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology目录学. Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline -- the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic, detailed description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography).
Citation styles vary.
An entry for a book in a bibliography usually contains the following elements:
creator(s)
title
publisher and place of publication
date of publication
An entry for a journal or periodical article usually contains:
creator(s)
article title
journal title
volume
pages
date of publication
*8.1.3 WHY MUST YOU DO A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
Some reasons:
1. To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words, ideas, diagrams, illustrations, quotations borrowed, or any materials summarized or paraphrased.
2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them, i.e. to prove that you are not plagiarizing剽窃.
3. To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic.
4. To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy. An honest bibliography inspires reader confidence in your writing.
5. Your teacher insists that you do a bibliography or marks will be deducted.
*8.1.4 WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY?
8.1.4.1 AUTHOR
8.1.4.3. PLACE OF PUBLICATION - for Books Only
8.1.4.4. PUBLISHER - for Books Only
a) Page numbers are not needed for a book, unless the citation comes from an article or essay in an anthology.
8.2.1 Classification of indexes
8.2.1.1 Printed indexing
There are many kinds of indexes in printed forms; subject indexes, author indexes, corporate author indexes, patent indexes, bibliography indexes, book indexes and conference indexes.
8.2.1.2 Electronic Indexing
Since the 1960s many indexes and abstracts have become available electronically. In subject areas with a low level of user demand, libraries can obtain information about journal articles by connecting their computers to those of database vendors, in areas of higher demand, libraries can buy the electronic form indexes and abstracts on CD-ROM (compact disc read –only memory).
8.2.2 Classification of Bibliography
8.2.2.1 National Bibliography
National bibliography attempts to record the publications of a country within a specified period of time.
8.2.2.2 Subject Bibliography主题(分类)书目
A much more selective kind of bibliography is subject bibliography. This type attempts to record and classify printed materials about a single subject.
8.2.2.3 Individual Bibliography个人书
8.2.2.4Annotated Bibliographies注释书
Annotated bibliographies are those in which the entries are written as for a regular bibliography but are then followed by a sentence or paragraph of description. Annotated bibliographies are designed to lead the reader to the most useful works for further study.
8.3．Linguistic features of indexes/ bibliography
8.3.1.Linguistic features of indexes
8.3.1..1 Unified Indexing Process
8.3.1.2 Standardized Format
8.3.1.3 Highly Abbreviated Presentation
8.3.3 Linguistic features of bibliography
8.3.3.1 Format of a Bibliography
All the entries are usually listed together in a single alphabetical arrangement, whether the first word is an author’s surname or the title of an anonymous work.
8.3.3.2 More Than One Work by an Author
8.3.3.3 Headings
8.3.3.4 Author-Date System
8.3.3.5 Number System
8.3.3.6 Accuracy in Compilation
8.3.5.1. Standard Format for a Book:
Author. Title: Subtitle. City or Town: Publisher, Year of Publication.
8.3.5.2. Standard Format for a Magazine, Periodical, Journal, or Newspaper Article:
Author. "Title: Subtitle of Article." Title of Magazine, Journal, or
Newspaper Day, Month, Year of Publication: Page Number(s).
Example:
Hewitt, Ben. "Quick Fixes for Everyday Disasters." Popular Mechanics Nov. 2004: 83-88.
Nordland, Rod, Sami Yousafzai, and Babak Dehghanpisheh. "How Al Qaeda Slipped
Away." Newsweek 19 Aug. 2002: 34-41.
8.3.9 References/Bibliography Harvard Style
When writing assignments you must acknowledge the source of your ideas and quotes in sufficient detail so that those reading can locate the item. Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work. There are many styles which follow the author-date convention, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Chicago Manual of Style.
Compile a reference list at the end of the document that includes full details of all references cited.
How to create a reference list/bibliography
*A reference list contains only the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the text of the document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background or further reading.
A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited by title, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title.
If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically
A bibliography differs from a list of references in that it lists all of the works that a writer has found relevant in writing the text. A list of references, on the other hand, includes only those works that are specifically mentioned in the text or from which a particular quotation or piece of information was taken.(意思同上段，表述不太一样)
Assignment 1:
What is literature? (3 different definitions)
1 文学；文学作品
Novels, plays, and poetry are referred to as literature, especially when they are considered to be good or important.
2 （某一学科的）著述，文献，图书资料
The literature on a particular subject of study is all the books and articles that have been published about it.
3 印刷品；宣传品
Literature is written information produced by people who want to sell you something or give you advice.
What are 6 categories of scientific literatures?
- Textbooks
- Monographs
- Papers
- Encyclopedias
- Periodicals
- Special Documentation
Make a list of 11 categories of periodicals.
From the perspective of names, they are journals, acta, magazines, bulletins, rapid communications, letters, proceedings, records, abstracting services, reviews, indexes, etc.,
What are characteristics of periodicals?
Periodicals are characterized by being large in number and in variety, extensive in content and in circulation, mixed in language and in form, etc.
Along with the rapid development of science and technology, periodicals have been rapidly increasing and have’ been gradually professionalized, integrated and computerized.
T or F questions
Professional literatures have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world. T
In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the teachers in a given branch of teaching. F students, learning
A monograph is “an article or a scientific paper on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply” F or short book
Papers are the most important and reliable sources for textbooks, monographs, and all the other documentary works. T
An encyclopedia is “a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in time order.” F alphabetical
A periodical is a series of publications that appear at irregular intervals. F regular
Assignment 2:
What are Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature?
Stylistically, literature is a kind of formal writing. Compared with an informal writing which usually utilizes an informal tone and colloquial language, a formal writing is a more serious approach to a subject of great importance and it avoids all colloquial expressions.
Syntactically, scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary. Frequently used are indicative sentences, imperative sentences, complex sentences, and “It be + adj. (participle) + that ...” sentence patterns, etc.
Morphologically, scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the use of technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word. There are more compound words, Latin and Greek words, contracted words, noun clusters and so on in scientific literature than in other informational writing.
Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc. for the sake of accuracy, brevity, and clarity.
What are literal translation and free translation? What principles should a translator abide by in applying them?
The so-called literal translation, superficially speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original.” It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text (discourse) into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. Furthermore, it strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.
Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.
There is no absolute “literal” or entirely “free” version in the practice of translation, and overemphasizing either of them would result in ridiculous consequences.
What are commonly used Translation Techniques?
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be frequently applied in English-Chinese translation include: (1) Diction (选词用字); (2) Amplification (增益); (3) Omission (省略); (4) Repetition (重复); (5) Conversion (转换); (6) Rearrangement (词译调整); (7) Negation (正说反译，反说正译); (8) Division (长句拆译).
T or F questions
The difference between a dictionary and an encyclopedia is that “A dictionary explains words and an encyclopedia explains facts.” T
Though either books or periodicals published regularly or publicly, the special documentation proves to be most effective resources for information retrieval. T
Different literatures have the same linguistic features although they do have similar characteristics in common. F. different
In actual practice, we often alternate or combine the two approaches of literal and free translation instead of sticking to either. T
Crocodile’s tears (鳄鱼的眼泪), armed to the teeth (武装到牙齿), are examples of literal translation. T
Despite a variety of opinions, Yan Fu’s two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). F. the two criteria
Assignment 3:
1. Definition of professional papers
A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It is variously known as the “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”.
2. What is the difference between a professional paper and other non-professional essays?
A professional paper differs from other non-professional essays in that it involves the use of library sources from which facts, quotations, and the opinions of others are drawn to explain , support , or authenticate ideas in the paper.
What do you know about a research paper?
A research paper can be intelligent, well informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions. It draws its material from many sources and aims to assemble facts and ideas by studying them to draw new conclusions on the basis of obtained data observed facts , or to present the material in the light of a new interest.
It must give a perspective or make a hypothesis rather than just present the collected information.
It should explain the methodology of the study, clarify what the results mean, and aim to draw new conclusions, or to present the material in light of a new interest.
What are the elements of a complete professional paper?
Though there are no set rules, a complete professional paper in its finished form usually has a regular format composed of the following elements: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, introduction, body of the paper, acknowledgments, appendices, references or bibliography, etc.
What is the definition of Journals?
Journals are usually edited and published by learned societies or associations monthly, bi-monthly, or quarterly; for example, newspapers, magazines, and academic journals.
Match up nouns in the left column with definitions in the right column
1. Journals Usually edited and published by learned societies or associations monthly, bi-monthly, or quarterly
2. Acta Mainly published by institutions of higher learning.
3. Bulletins Mainly edited and designated for the publication of briefs of research findings, preliminary results
on some research programs, science news or notices of scientific seminars and conferences.
4. Rapid Communications Belonging to the public correspondence and letter-form publications.
5. Reviews Commentary or summary articles are usually carried in specialized journals
6. Proceedings Collections of papers of the corresponding academic conferences at which these papers
or commentaries are presented.
Put the following into English
我们知道，很多年以前人们就研究过非线性nonlinearity问题。但是，世界上第一个明确提出非线性问题的是钱学森的老师VonKarman。1940午，VonKarman在美国航空科学Aeronautical Sciences年会上作了一个报告。这个报告后来发表在美国数学学会学报上，引起了人们对非线性问题的注意。他指出：现在力学的最大缺陷是仅仅停留在线性化的基础上，而工程实际需要非线性理论。
VonKarman擅长流体力学和固体力学，他全面衡量了两个学科领域的状况，提出了——些当时看来难以解决的非线性问题。他的讲话使Friedrichs搁下数学，用整整二十年的时间去研究薄板大挠度问题；也促使Rivilin因此去研究非线性材料的有限变形问题，这是非线性力学的开始。从此，力学工作者不断地向非线性力学进军。非线性力学的出现是有其工业背景和生产背景的。
As we know, the problems of nonlinearity have long been studied. But it was Von Karman, the former supervisor of Professor Qian Xuesen (H. S. Tsian), who first pinpointed the nonlinear problems. In 1940, Von Karman delivered a lecture at the Annual Meeting on American Aeronautical Sciences, later published in the Transactions of American Mathematical Society, which directed people’s attention to nonlinear problems. He pointed out that the most serious shortcoming of the current mechanics lay in the fact that its theory was still based on linear idealizations, but the engineering reality was demanding for a nonlinear theory.
Von Karman, being good both at fluid mechanics and solid mechanics, after due consideration of the current status of these two fields, proposed some nonlinear problems which seemed to be beyond that time. Under the influence of that lecture, Friedrichs put aside his mathematics, and turned to the study of the large deflections of thin plates, which took him two decades of time. Under the same stimulation, Rivilin was led to study the finite deformation of nonlinear materials. That marks the onset of nonlinear mechanics. From then on, continuous conquests have been made on nonlinear mechanics by people working on mechanics. The advent of nonlinear mechanics had its industrial background.
Translate the following phrases:
1) 申请书 Letter of Application
2) 报告书 Report
3) 协议书 Agreement
4) 成绩通知书 Grade Report
5) (使用)说明书 Directions
6) 旅行委托书 Booking Form
7) 成交确认书 Sales Confirmation
8) 电视机使用说明书 TV Operation Guide
9) 白皮书 White Book
10) 家书 Letter from Home
T or F questions
A professional paper usually concludes with a bibliography , and an alphabetical list of all sources cited. T
The writer of a report paper neither judges nor evaluates the findings, but merely catalogs them in a sensible sequence. T
A thesis paper is usually written and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA or MS (or Ph.D) in a specific discipline T
Bulletins belong to the public correspondence and letter-form publications. F. Rapid communications
If information is quoted indirectly, the original meaning should be conveyed as exactly as possible and credit shouldn’t be given to the information source. F. not
The pronoun “I” is readily evident in the informal memo reports. T
Informal reports are often issued in a memorandum or letter form. T
A formal report is more likely to be referred to as a feasibility study, an investigation or evaluation report, a product analysis, or a project report. T
The language used in a formal report is normally complex but straightforward. It is brief yet fully informative.
F not complex
Assignment 4:
What are General Contents of Literature Reviews?
A good literature review usually
- (1) includes the background, the prior work, present disputes, current development and prospect, etc. of the subject the review is about;
- (2) reveals the author's rigorous and objective comments;
- (3) provides the reader with a great number of references.
What are General Contents of Book Reviews?
- A good book review is always within the scope of three elements:
- (1) it tells what the book is about, that is to bring it to the attention of people who may not know of it or may not have considered it properly;
- (2) it asserts a judgment of the book's worth, that is to offer an assessment of its worth and usefulness;
- (3) it defends that judgment. Besides, some reviews undertake to familiarize the reader with the background of the book, the history of the subject, or the context of issues the book is related to.
- What is the goal of an index?
- It is to provide a quick, easy and unambiguous access to the information in the materials that has been indexed. An index enables users to be selective in the information they read and helps them find the particular item they want without having to read all the other items in the collection.
- Why must you do a bibliography?
- 1. To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words, ideas, diagrams, illustrations, quotations borrowed, or any materials summarized or paraphrased.
- 2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them, i.e. to prove that you are not plagiarizing.
- 3. To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic.
- 4. To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy. An honest bibliography inspires reader confidence in your writing.
T or F questions
Any notes the reviewer wishes to make should be gathered at the end, after any list of references. F. before
In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the full name of the author(s) and the year of publication. F last name
The term "indexes" is used throughout the publishing industry. “Indices” is generally used in teaching. T
An embedded index requires more time to create than a conventional static index; however, an embedded index can save time in the long run when the material is updated or repaginated. T
A book review is a form of literary criticism in which a book is analyzed based on content, style, and merit. T
Ⅲ.Directions: Match the word or phrase in the first column with its translation in the second column. (10%)
| 1. Monograph | A. 学报 |
| 2. Encyclopedia | B. 参考书目 |
| 3. Acta | C. 专著 |
| 4. Transliteration | D. 音译 |
| 5. Abstract | E. 会议 |
| 6. Bibliography | F. 百科全书 |
| 7. Review | G. 研讨会 |
| 8. Symposium | H. 评论 |
| 9. Conference | I. 摘要 |
| 10. Journal | J. 期刊 |
1. _____ 2.______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. _____ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
1-5 CFADI 6-10 BHGEJ
Ⅲ..Directions: Match the word or phrase in the first column with its translation in the second column. (10%)
| 1. Full length paper | A. 征稿启事 |
| 2. Sponsoring organization | B. 会议编委会 |
| 3. Call for papers | C. 全文 |
| 4. Submission of papers | D. 提交论文 |
| 5. Conference venue and fees | E. 信息牌/布告栏 |
| 6. Conference editorial board | F. 主办单位 |
| 7. Review | G. 客车服务 |
| 8. Limousine service | H. 评审、审稿 |
| 9. Message board | I. 会址和会费 |
| 10. Audio visual facilities | J. 视听设施 |
1. _____ 2.______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. _____ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
1-5 CFADI 6-10 BHGEJ
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