5.1-introduction-to-convnets

原文代码作者：François Chollet

github：https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-with-python-notebooks

中文注释制作：黄海广

github：https://github.com/fengdu78

代码全部测试通过。

配置环境：keras 2.2.1（原文是2.0.8，运行结果一致），tensorflow 1.8，python 3.6，

主机：显卡：一块1080ti；内存：32g（注：绝大部分代码不需要GPU）
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import keras
keras.__version__

Using TensorFlow backend.





'2.2.1'

5.1 - Introduction to convnets

卷积神经网络简介

This notebook contains the code sample found in Chapter 5, Section 1 of Deep Learning with Python. Note that the original text features far more content, in particular further explanations and figures: in this notebook, you will only find source code and related comments.

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First, let’s take a practical look at a very simple convnet example. We will use our convnet to classify MNIST digits, a task that you’ve already been
through in Chapter 2, using a densely-connected network (our test accuracy then was 97.8%). Even though our convnet will be very basic, its
accuracy will still blow out of the water that of the densely-connected model from Chapter 2.

The 6 lines of code below show you what a basic convnet looks like. It’s a stack of Conv2D and MaxPooling2D layers. We’ll see in a
minute what they do concretely.
Importantly, a convnet takes as input tensors of shape (image_height, image_width, image_channels) (not including the batch dimension).
In our case, we will configure our convnet to process inputs of size (28, 28, 1), which is the format of MNIST images. We do this via
passing the argument input_shape=(28, 28, 1) to our first layer.

我们将深入讲解卷积神经网络的原理，以及它在计算机视觉任务上为什么如此成功。但在此之前，我们先来看一个简单的卷积神经网络示例，即使用卷积神经网络对 MNIST 数字进行分类，这个任务我们在第 2 章用密集连接网络做过（当时的测试精度为 97.8%）。虽然本例中的卷积神经网络很简单，但其精度肯定会超过第 2 章的密集连接网络。

下列代码将会展示一个简单的卷积神经网络。它是 Conv2D 层和MaxPooling2D层的堆叠。 很快你就会知道这些层的作用。

重要的是，卷积神经网络接收形状为 (image_height, image_width, image_channels)的输入张量（不包括批量维度）。本例中设置卷积神经网络处理大小为 (28, 28, 1) 的输入张量，这正是 MNIST 图像的格式。我们向第一层传入参数 input_shape=(28, 28, 1) 来完成此设置。

from keras import layers
from keras import models

model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=