submit 方法
public abstract class AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService {
// RunnableFuture 是用于获取执行结果的,我们常用它的子类 FutureTask
// 下面两个 newTaskFor 方法用于将我们的任务包装成 FutureTask 提交到线程池中执行
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
return new FutureTask<T>(runnable, value);
}
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
}
// 提交任务
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// 1. 将任务包装成 FutureTask
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
// 2. 交给执行器执行,execute 方法由具体的子类来实现
// 前面也说了,FutureTask 间接实现了Runnable 接口。
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// 1. 将任务包装成 FutureTask
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
// 2. 交给执行器执行
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// 1. 将任务包装成 FutureTask
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
// 2. 交给执行器执行
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
}
尽管submit方法能提供线程执行的返回值,但只有实现了Callable才会有返回值,而实现Runnable的线程则是没有返回值的,也就是说在上面的3个方法中,submit(Callable task)能获取到它的返回值,submit(Runnable task, T result)能通过传入的载体result间接获得线程的返回值或者准确来说交给线程处理一下,而最后一个方法submit(Runnable task)则是没有返回值的,就算获取它的返回值也是null。
源码分析
这是FutureTask包装后的run方法,这个方法里 result = c.call(); 就是保存方法执行的结果。
public void run() {
//保证callable任务只被运行一次
if (state != NEW || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable < V > c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
//执行任务,上面的例子我们可以看出,call()里面可能是一个耗时的操作,不过这里是同步的
result = c.call();
//上面的call()是同步的,只有上面的result有了结果才会继续执行
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
//执行完了,设置result
set(result);
}
}
finally {
runner = null;
int s = state;
//判断该任务是否正在响应中断,如果中断没有完成,则等待中断操作完成
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
get方法
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
//这个方法是带有超时时间功能的
public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
if (unit == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING &&
(s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
throw new TimeoutException();
return report(s);
}
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
long startTime = 0L; // Special value 0L means not yet parked
WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
for (;;) {
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;
return s;
}
else if (s == COMPLETING)
Thread.yield();
else if (Thread.interrupted()) {
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
else if (q == null) {
if (timed && nanos <= 0L)
return s;
q = new WaitNode();
}
else if (!queued)
queued = U.compareAndSwapObject(this, WAITERS,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {
...省略
}
else
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
/**
* Returns result or throws exception for completed task.
* 返回结果
* @param s completed state value
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}
总结
其实就是把任务方法包装了一个新对象FutureTask,新对象会继承改写run方法,然后把新对象塞到线程池中,线程池复用线程来执行新对象的run方法,然后run方法中执行任务方法,并且把任务方法的返回值放到FutureTask的一个属性字段里,通过该对象的get方法可以获取属性字段值。