学习Python，学习Pygame(四）

       在游戏中，可以说键盘和鼠标才是我们首选的输入设备，当然还包括手柄，所以学习这些设备的事件才是一个游戏中最基础的事情。

       在Pygame中，包括类似QUIT、KEYDOWN、KEYUP等等事件，在之前的所有程序当中，都会有这样的语句：

<span style="font-size:12px;">while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        ......</span>

       这样的语句称为实时事件循环，在这样的循环中，响应玩家的各种事件，第二句我们用for循环来遍历这样等待处理事件的列表。在之前的例子中，已经写过一些关于键盘事件的例子，由于Python中是没有switch或者select这样的语句，所以我们一直使用的事if...elif...elif...else这样的语句，可是需要设置相应的事件非常多，则要写很多if等，显得非常麻烦，所以，使用设备轮询就是一种非常好的解决办法。

<span style="font-size:12px;">keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if  keys[...]:
            ......</span>

      这样,keys得到的是一个列表对象，就可以较好的查询需要设置反应的按键，列表中的单词就和前面的例子中的一样（eg.K_1）。

      Pygame支持的鼠标事件有：MOUSEMOTION,MOUSEBUTTONUP,MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:

      对于MOUSEMOTION事件，属性是event.pos（返回鼠标所在的x, y），event.rel（返回鼠标移动的x, y），event.buttons（返回三元组，（0，0，0）如果哪个按键按了就为1，不按为0）。

      对于MOUSEBUTTONUP事件，属性even.pos（返回鼠标放开是的x, y），event.button（返回一个数字，1~3，1代表左击，2代表滑轮点击，3代表右击）。

      对于MOUSEBUTTONDOWN事件，类似MOUSEBUTTONUP事件。

      看一个键盘轮询的小Demo：

import pygame
import sys
import time
import random
from pygame.locals import *

def print_text(font, x, y, text, color=(255, 255, 255)):
    imageText = font.render(text, True, color);
    screen.blit(imageText, (x, y))

#main program begins
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Keyboard Demo")
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 24)
font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 200)
white = 255, 255, 255
yellow = 255, 255, 0

key_flag = False
correct_answer = 97
seconds = 11
score = 0
clock_start = 0
game_over = True

#repeating loop
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type is QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type is KEYDOWN:
            key_flag = True
        elif event.type is KEYUP:
            key_flag = False

    #设备轮询
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    #如果是ESC则退出
    if keys[K_ESCAPE]:
        sys.exit()
    #如果是ENTER则重新开始
    if keys[K_RETURN]:
        if game_over:
            game_over = False
            score = 0
            seconds = 11
            clock_start = time.clock()

    current = time.clock() - clock_start
    speed = score * 6
    if seconds-current < 0:
        game_over = True
    elif current <= 10:
        if keys[correct_answer]:
            correct_answer = random.randint(97, 122)
            score += 1
    #clear the screen
    screen.fill((0, 100, 0))

    print_text(font1, 0, 0, "Let's see how fast you can type")
    print_text(font1, 0, 20, "Try to keep up for seconds...")

    if key_flag:
        print_text(font1, 500, 0, "<key>")

    if not game_over:
        print_text(font1, 0, 80, "Time:" + str(int(seconds-current)))

    print_text(font1, 0, 100, "Speed:" + str(speed) + " letters/min")

    if game_over:
        print_text(font1, 0, 160, "Press Enter to start...")

    print_text(font2, 0, 240, chr(correct_answer-32), yellow)

    #update the display
    pygame.display.update()

      再来看看鼠标轮询：

import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *

def print_text(font, x, y, text, color=(255, 255, 255)):
    imageText = font.render(text, True, color)
    screen.blit(imageText, (x, y))

#main program begins
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Mouse Demo")
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 24)
mouse_x = 0
mouse_y = 0
move_x = 0
move_y = 0
mouse_button = 0
mouse_down_x = 0
mouse_down_y = 0
mouse_up_x = 0
mouse_up_y = 0
mouse_down = 0
mouse_up = 0
color = 255, 255, 255

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type is QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type is MOUSEMOTION:
            mouse_x, mouse_y = event.pos
            move_x, move_y = event.rel
            mouse_button = event.buttons
        elif event.type is MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_down = event.button
            mouse_down_x, mouse_down_y = event.pos
        elif event.type is MOUSEBUTTONUP:
            mouse_up = event.button
            mouse_up_x, mouse_up_y = event.pos

    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))

    t = ("the mouse position x: " + str(mouse_x) + " y: " + str(mouse_y))
    print_text(font1, 0, 0, t, color)
    t = ("the mouse move     x: " + str(move_x) + " y: " + str(move_y))
    print_text(font1, 0, 25, t, color)
    t = ("the mouse button: " + str(mouse_button))
    print_text(font1, 0, 50, t, color)
    t = ("Mouse button down: " + str(mouse_down) + " at " + str(mouse_down_x) + "," + str(mouse_down_y))
    print_text(font1, 0, 100, t, color)
    t = ("Mouse button up: " + str(mouse_down) + " at " + str(mouse_up_x) + "," + str(mouse_up_y))
    print_text(font1, 0, 150, t, color)

    pygame.display.update()

       最后，利用事件轮询的知识，做一个小游戏，接住炸弹或者接住什么的......

import pygame
#随机函数头文件
import random
import sys
#事件头文件
import time
from pygame.locals import *

def print_text(font, x, y, text, color = (255, 255, 255)):
    imageText = font.render(text, True, color)
    screen.blit(imageText, (x, y))

#main program begins
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Bomb Catcher")
pos_x = 0
pos_y = 0
cir_start = random.randint(50, 550)
cir_fall = 0
width = 20
white = 255, 255, 255
score = 0
game_over = False
#获取游戏一开始的时间
time_start = time.clock()
time_pass = 0

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type is QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type is MOUSEMOTION:
            pos_x, pos_y = event.pos

    #clean the screen
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
    t = ("score: " + str(score))
    font3 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
    print_text(font3, 450, 0, t, white)

    if not game_over:
        #判断是否要判定圆落到矩形的上面
        if cir_fall < 475:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, white, (cir_start, cir_fall), 10, 0)
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, (pos_x-20, 480, 40, 20), 0)
            #将圆的速度放慢，我这个大概是每秒200像素下降的样子
            time_pass = (time.clock()-time_start) * 200
            if time_pass >= 1:
                time_start = time.clock()
                cir_fall += 1
        #判断圆是否在矩形上面
        elif cir_fall >= 475:
            if cir_start >= pos_x-20 and cir_start <= pos_x+20:
                score += 50
                cir_start = random.randint(50, 500)
                cir_fall = 0
            else:
                game_over = True
                cir_fall = 0
    elif game_over:
        t = ("GAME")
        font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 100)
        print_text(font1, 200, 150, t, white)
        t = ("press enter to restart")
        font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
        print_text(font2, 205, 250, t, white)
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if  keys[K_RETURN]:
            game_over = False
            score = 0
        elif keys[K_ESCAPE]:
            sys.exit()

    pygame.display.update()