5.21 Objective-C中的集合类

OC中的集合类：分为三大类：数组NSArray,集NSset,字典NSdictionary，平常使用的集合都是这3类，或其他子类。

                ***基本数据类型放到集合是坚决不行的！***

1,数组NSArray

NSString *string = @"ab";     //如果nil，不能把string放进去
        NSString *string1 = @"cd";
        NSInteger count = 3;//基本类型绝对不能放到OC数组，注意!需要格式化才能放，所有元素都不能为nil，所有元素依次放完，最后添加nil作为结束符
        NSInteger counts[3];
//        NSInteger *number = *[4];

//        NSNumber *number = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:count];
//        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(count),string,nil];
        //数组的3个初始化
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@(count),string1,nil];

        NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:string1,string, nil];

        NSArray *array2 = @[string,string1]; //不加nil

        NSString *obj[2] = {string,string1};
        NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:obj count:2];
         NSLog(@"%@",array2);

        //数组操作
        //取值 index
        NSString *string4 = [array objectAtIndex:1];//取到的值必须与存放数组的值类型一致
        NSString *string5 = [string4 stringByAppendingString:@"ab"];
        NSLog(@"Hello, World!%@ %@",string4,string5);

        [array firstObject];
        [array lastObject];

        //截取数组
        NSArray * newArray= [array subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 2)];

        //拼接数组
        NSArray *newArray1 = [array arrayByAddingObject:@"abc"];

        NSArray *array5 = @[@"1",@"2",@"3"];
        NSArray *array6 = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"4",@"5", nil];
        NSArray *newArray2 = [array5 arrayByAddingObject:array6];

        NSLog(@"Hello, World!%@",newArray2);
        //componentsJoinedByString 分割图片，分割姓名
        NSString *stringAll = [array6 componentsJoinedByString:@"-"];
        //NSString *array7 = [stringAll componentsJoinedByString:@"-"];
        NSLog(@"Hello, World!%@",stringAll);

        //数组排序
        NSArray *number = @[@"1",@"2",@"4",@"3",@"0"];//比的是字符串
        SEL sel = @selector(compare:);//SEL是方法,调用所指的方法
        NSArray *sortedArray = [number sortedArrayUsingSelector:sel];
        NSLog(@"%@",sortedArray);

        NSString *text = @"good moni ios programing a";
        //将他按照单词首字母排序，并生成新字符串
        NSArray *array7 = [text componentsSeparatedByString:@" "];//字符串放到数组

//        NSArray *chars = [text componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:array7];
//        
//        NSLog(@"%@",chars);拆分单个字符排序

        SEL sel1 = @selector(compare:);//调用比较方法

        NSArray *sorted1 = [array7 sortedArrayUsingSelector:sel1];

        NSString *text1 = [sorted1 componentsJoinedByString:@" "];

        NSLog(@"%@",text1);

2,可变数组NSMutableArray

NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray array];//数组添加元素，直接加到最后
        [mArray addObject:@"abc"];
        [mArray addObject:@"def"];
        [mArray addObject:@"fgh"];
        NSLog(@"%@",mArray);
        //[mArray removeObjectAtIndex:2];//移除这个下标位置的元素
        NSLog(@"%@",mArray);
        //[mArray removeObject:@"abc"];//移除所有等于它的元素
        NSLog(@"%@",mArray);

        //可变数组的其他方法
        [mArray insertObject:@"121" atIndex:0]; //atindex插入之后，放到哪个位置
        NSLog(@"%@",mArray);
        //排序 ，不需要接收返回值，跟不可变的相比
        [mArray sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];//描述已经排好序的数组
        NSLog(@"%@",mArray);

        //将20个1-20的随机数字字符串放到数组，并排序
        NSMutableArray *numRomdom = [NSMutableArray array];

        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 20;i++ ) {
            //制造20个随机数字符串
            NSInteger number =arc4random()% 20 + 1;
            NSString * numRomdomString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",number];
            [numRomdom addObject:numRomdomString];

            [numRomdom sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
            NSLog(@"%@",numRomdom);
        }
        for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 20; i ++) {
            NSString *string = [numRomdom objectAtIndex:i];
        }
        //将上述数组中，大于10的数去掉
        //不能在遍历的同时，删除元素，思路：1，建立标记对象的数组，存储要删除的元素，结束之后一次性删除
        NSMutableArray *deleteArray =[NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSString *aNumber in numRomdom) { //列举法
            if (aNumber.integerValue > 10) {
                [deleteArray addObject:aNumber];
            }
        }
        [numRomdom removeObjectsInArray:deleteArray];
        NSLog(@"%@",numRomdom);

3,字典NSDictionary

//字典 用键值对的形式存放对象数据的集合
        NSDictionary *dic = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"张三",@"name",nil];
        NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"张五",@"name2",nil];
        //字典中不能同时存放两个相同的键值对
        NSDictionary *dic2 =@{@"name":@"张三",@"age":@"20"}; //字典中的元素是键值对，不是单个元素
        //
        NSDictionary *dic3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:@[@"123",@"456",@"789"] forKeys:@[@"1",@"4",@"7"]];
            NSLog(@"%@",dic3);

        Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
        p.name = @"ron";
        p.age = 23;
        p.birth =@"19000121";
        //基本数据类型，不能往集合里面放,需要转换一下
        NSDictionary *personInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:p.name,@"ron",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",p.age],23,p.birth,@"birhday", nil];

        NSLog(@"%@",personInfo);

        //见一个新的person 取字典的值
        Person *NewPerson = [[Person alloc]init];
        NewPerson.name = [personInfo objectForKey:@"name"];
        NewPerson.birth = [personInfo objectForKey:@"birhday"];
        NewPerson.age = [[personInfo objectForKey:@"age"]integerValue];//integerValue取值

  //＊KVC是什么?KVO是什么?有什么特点？
 KVC是键值编码，特点是通过指定表示要访问的属性名字的字符串标识符，可以进行类的属性读取和设置

 KVO是键值观察，特点是利用键值观察可以注册成为一个对象的观察者，在该对象的某个属性变化时收到通知
＊
 //字典中不放nil

4,可变字典NSMutableDictionary

        //可变字典
        NSMutableDictionary *mDic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        [mDic setObject:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];//操作字典，绝大部分情况都是操作key
        //字典的遍历 (一种思路是转换成数组，但是字典本来就可以遍历)
        for (NSString *key in mDic) {
            NSString *value = [mDic objectForKey:key];
            //如果要删除，保存要删除的KEY,循环结束之后一次性删除

        }





    }

5,集合

作业：

#pragma        mark-1、取出符串“123-456-789-000”中的数字部分，组成一个新的字符串输出
        //方法一
        NSString *string = @"123-456-789-000";

        NSString *string1 = [string stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"-" withString:@""];

        NSLog(@"newStr = %@",string1);

        //方法二
        NSArray *newArray1 = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@"-"];//为什么nsmutable要警报？
        NSLog(@"%@",newArray1);

        //创建一个字符串，初始包含size的字符
        NSMutableString *newStr =[NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:0];
        for (NSString *s in newArray1) {

            //nsstring 在接受者的末尾附加nsstring
            [newStr appendString:s];
        }

        NSLog(@"newStr = %@",newStr);

#pragma        mark-2、随机获得100个50-100的数字字符串，存入一个数组，最后打印输出这个数组（arc4random()）
        NSMutableArray *numberRandom =[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:100];

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            NSString *string =[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",arc4random() % 51 + 50];
            [numberRandom addObject:string];
        }

        NSLog(@"%@",numberRandom)

//  Student.m
//  5.21.OC.字典.hw
//
//  Created by rimi on 15/5/21.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 rectinajh. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student


- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                         age:(NSInteger)age
                      gender:(NSString *)gender
                          ID:(NSString *)Id
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _name = name;
        _age = age;
        _gender = gender;
        _ID = Id;
    }
    return  self;
}

+ (instancetype)StudentWithName:(NSString *)name
                            age:(NSInteger)age
                         gender:(NSString *)gender
                             ID:(NSString *)Id
{
    Student *student = [[Student alloc] initWithName:name age:age gender:gender ID:Id];

    return student;

}



- (NSInteger)differenceBetweenAges:(NSArray *)array
{
    NSMutableArray *array1 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

    NSDictionary *dictionary1 = array[0];
    NSLog(@"%@",dictionary1);

    Student *student1 = [[dictionary1 allValues] firstObject];
    NSLog(@"value = %@",student1);

    NSDictionary *dictionary2 = array[2];
    Student *student2 = [[dictionary2 allValues] firstObject];
    NSLog(@"value = %@",student2);

    //取学生年龄
    //得到差值

    return labs((NSInteger)student1.age - (NSInteger)student2.age);


}


- (NSString *)description
{
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@,age:%ld,gender%@,id:%@",_name,_age,_gender,_ID];

}


@end

//  Student.h
//  5.21.OC.字典.hw
//
//  Created by rimi on 15/5/21.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 rectinajh. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *_gender;
    NSString *_ID;
}

@property (strong,nonatomic)NSString *name;
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger age;

- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                         age:(NSInteger)age
                      gender:(NSString *)gender
                          ID:(NSString *)Id;

+ (instancetype)StudentWithName:(NSString *)name
                            age:(NSInteger)age
                         gender:(NSString *)gender
                             ID:(NSString *)Id;



- (NSInteger)differenceBetweenAges:(NSArray *)array;


@end

//  5.21.OC.字典.hw
//
//  Created by rimi on 15/5/21.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 rectinajh. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"
#pragma        mark-3、创建一个Student类，将学员信息存放进一个字典，将3个学员信息的字典存放到一个数组
#pragma        mark-4、选取第一个学员和最后一个学员输出其姓名，并计算他们年龄的差值

        Student * student1 = [Student StudentWithName:@"j"
                                                  age:24
                                               gender:@"men"
                                                   ID:@"123"];

        Student * student2 = [Student StudentWithName:@"h"
                                                  age:21
                                               gender:@"women"
                                                   ID:@"121"];

        Student * student3 = [Student StudentWithName:@"a"
                                                  age:22
                                               gender:@"men"
                                                   ID:@"122"];

        NSDictionary *dictionary1 = @{student1.name : student1};

        NSDictionary *dictionary2 = @{student2.name : student2};

        NSDictionary *dictionary3 = @{student3.name : student3};

        NSArray * array = @[dictionary1,dictionary2,dictionary3];
        NSLog(@"%@",array);


        Student *student = [[Student alloc] init];
        NSInteger result = [student differenceBetweenAges:array];
        NSLog(@"%ld",result);

//        5、自学NSSet，然后讲第二题中的重复数字去掉，输出结果数组
        NSSet *set =[NSSet setWithArray:numberRandom];
        NSLog(@"set = %@",set);


        NSLog(@"Hello, World!");
    }