5.26 单例，类目，延展，协议，通知

1，单例传值，设值一定在取值之前

//  main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"
#import "Person.h"

[[Student bestStudent].studuInfo addObjectsFromArray:@[@"chinese",@"math"]];
Person *person = [[Person alloc]init];

//  Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>


@interface Person : NSObject

@property (strong ,nonatomic)NSString *code;

//单例：应用里面的唯一用户，游戏里面的主角，特点：唯一，全局，方便获取
//单例是非常好用的传值和存值的方法

//单例的获取
+ (Person *)heightPerson;

- (NSString *)birthday;

@end

//  Person.m

#import "Person.h"
#import "Student.h"


@implementation Person
//单例，设计模式

+ (Person *)heightPerson
{   //保证使用时初始化一次，并保证唯一
    //建立静态对象,置为nil

    static Person *person = nil;

    if (person == nil) {
        //保证不释放
        person = [[Person alloc]init];
        //
            }

    return person;
}


- (instancetype)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        NSArray *info = [Student bestStudent].studuInfo;
        NSLog(@"%@",info);

    }
    return self;
}


- (NSString *)birthday {

    if (_code.length < 18) {
        return nil;
    }
    NSString *string = [_code substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(6, 8)];
    return string;
}




@end

//  Student.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
@property (strong, nonatomic)NSMutableArray *studuInfo;//表示学习资料

+ (Student *)bestStudent;


@end

//  Student.m


#import "Student.h"

//增加私有属性，考试成绩，以及私有方法；对外公布考试成绩和比较考试成绩

//延展
@interface Student ()
//自读和私有
@property (assign, nonatomic)NSInteger score;

- (NSInteger)compareScore:(Student *)other;


@end

@implementation Student

//实现单例的例子
+ (Student *)bestStudent
{
    static Student *student = nil;
    if (!student) {

        student  = [[Student alloc]init];
        //初始化数组
        student.studuInfo = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return  student;

}


- (NSInteger)compareScore:(Student *)other
{
    return self.score - other.score;
}


@end

2,类目 category

//  main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "NSString+comparevalue.h"

        NSLog(@"%ld",(long)[@"4"comparevalue:@"3"]);//-1 descending 1 ascending
        NSArray *number = @[@"1",@"2",@"5",@"3"];

        //分别用2个compare方法排序

        NSArray *sortNum = [number sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(comparevalue:)];
        NSLog(@"%@",sortNum);

//  NSString+comparevalue.m

#import "NSString+comparevalue.h"

@implementation NSString (comparevalue)


- (NSComparisonResult)comparevalue:(NSString *)string
{
    //self和string比较integerValue的大小
    if (self.integerValue < string.integerValue) {

        return NSOrderedAscending;

    }else if(self.integerValue > string.integerValue){

        return NSOrderedDescending;
    } else {

        return NSOrderedSame;
    }

}
@end

//
//  NSString+comparevalue.h
//  5.26.oc.类目，延展，单例
//
//  Created by rimi on 15/5/26.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 rectinajh. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//申明nsstring类的分栏
@interface NSString (comparevalue)
//4和11按照数值大小比较

- (NSComparisonResult)comparevalue:(NSString *)string;


@end

3,延展 一般来操作已知类，可改的自定义类.将特殊的属性和方法，放到独立的文件中，提高封装性,另一个功能：提供私有化处理和方便性（放到.m文件），提供私有化的方法和属性声明。把原有方法提取出来。

这里写代码片

//  Person_private_Property.h

#import "Person.h"



@interface Person ()
- (void)run;

@end

//  Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>


@interface Person : NSObject

@property (strong ,nonatomic)NSString *code;


+ (Person *)heightPerson;

- (NSString *)birthday;

@end

//  Person.m

#import "Person.h"
#import "Student.h"


@implementation Person



- (NSString *)birthday {

    if (_code.length < 18) {
        return nil;
    }
    NSString *string = [_code substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(6, 8)];
    return string;
}

@end

4,协议 1，规范，约束。2，通知，回调

//  Working.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@protocol Working //<NSObject>

//交给协议支持者去做
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger salary;

- (void)work;

- (NSString *)birthday;
@property (strong,nonatomic)NSString *code;

@end

//  Develop.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Working.h"


@interface Develop : NSObject <Working>
//支持协议，必须实现协议所规定属性和方法
//属性直接声明
@property (assign,nonatomic)NSInteger salary;

//方法无需声明，只要实现

- (NSString *)birthday;
@property (strong,nonatomic)NSString *code;


@end

//  Develop.m

#import "Develop.h"

@implementation Develop

- (void)work
{
    NSLog(@"to work!");
}

@end

 //  main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Develop.h"
#import "Working.h"

  Develop *dev = [[Develop alloc]init];
  [dev work];