WiFi基本概念（十六）（Guard Intervals GI）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-20 03:59:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-20 03:59:27 发布

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原文链接：https://www.cwnp.com/802-11n-guard-intervals-gi/

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802.11n标准定义了两种保护间隔（GI）：400ns（短）和800ns（长），用于增强对传播延迟、回声和反射的免疫力。400ns GI为可选，而800ns GI通常用于室内环境以应对最大800ns的多径回声时间。GI是两个符号传输间的一段时期，用于清除前次传输的反射。选择合适的GI时间对于最大化吞吐量至关重要。802.11n支持77种调制编码方案（MCS），其中使用64-QAM调制的MCS31在400ns短GI下能达到600Mbps的最高速率。

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The 802.11n draft specifies two guard intervals: 400ns (short) and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit and receive. The purpose of a guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes, and reflections to which digital data is normally very sensitive.

A GI is a period of time between symbol transmission that allows reflections (from multipath) from the previous data transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The signal content inside the GI, called Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), is rejected by receivers. Clause 17 and 19 OFDM use 800ns GIs. This value was chosen because the maximum multipath echo time is typically considered to be 800ns in an indoor environment. Outdoor GIs are typically higher.

The time used to transmit a symbol is comprised of two parts: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) time and Guard Interval (GI) time. FFT is a signal processing technique, thus FFT time is the time during transmission or reception when signal processing is accomplished. The 802.11a/g OFDM symbol rate is 250 kHz, corresponding to a symbol period of 4 µs. This means the GI is 0.8 µs and the FFT is 3.2 µs in a clause 17 or 19 OFDM symbol.

The GI should be 2-4 times higher than the delay spread, so in most environments, delay spread should not exceed 200ns. Most offices and homes have a delay spread of approximately 50–100 ns. Choosing a GI that is too short means that ISI will increase and throughput will decrease. Choosing a GI too long means decreased overhead due to unnecessary idle time on the wireless medium. Choosing a proper GI time period is crucial to optimizing throughput.

There are 77 Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) specified in the current IEEE P802.11n draft, with eight of them being mandatory for 802.11n compliance. The highest data rate of 600 Mbps is achievable with MCS 31 using 64-QAM modulation in a 40-MHz channel, four spatial streams, and operating with a short guard interval (GI) of 400 ns. Choosing a 400 ns GI adds approximately 11% to the achievable data rate over the 800 ns GI.

reference:

802.11n Guard Intervals (GI)