最近在做一些纹理分割方面的东西,需要提取图像特征后进行训练分类。在师兄的指点下了解SVM(支持向量机)可以达到很好的效果。
在opencv(版本)自带OpenCV\samples\cpp\tutorial_code\ml\introduction_to_svm 下找到了简单的introduction_to_svm.cpp
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml/ml.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
// Data for visual representation
int width = 512, height = 512;
Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);
// Set up training data
float labels[4] = {1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
Mat labelsMat(4, 1, CV_32FC1, labels);
float trainingData[4][2] = { {501, 10}, {255, 10}, {501, 255}, {10, 501} };
Mat trainingDataMat(4, 2, CV_32FC1, trainingData);
// Set up SVM's parameters
CvSVMParams params;
params.svm_type = CvSVM::C_SVC;
params.kernel_type = CvSVM::LINEAR;
params.term_crit = cvTermCriteria(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 100, 1e-6);
// Train the SVM
CvSVM SVM;
SVM.train(trainingDataMat, labelsMat, Mat(), Mat(), params);
Vec3b green(0,255,0), blue (255,0,0);
// Show the decision regions given by the SVM
for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; ++j)
{
Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << i,j);
float response = SVM.predict(sampleMat);
if (response == 1)
image.at<Vec3b>(j, i) = green;
else if (response == -1)
image.at<Vec3b>(j, i) = blue;
}
// Show the training data
int thickness = -1;
int lineType = 8;
circle( image, Point(501, 10), 5, Scalar( 0, 0, 0), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point(255, 10), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point( 10, 501), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
// Show support vectors
thickness = 2;
lineType = 8;
int c = SVM.get_support_vector_count();
for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)
{
const float* v = SVM.get_support_vector(i);
circle( image, Point( (int) v[0], (int) v[1]), 6, Scalar(128, 128, 128), thickness, lineType);
}
imwrite("result.png", image); // save the image
imshow("SVM Simple Example", image); // show it to the user
waitKey(0);
}
在该段程序中,我们运行后得到结果图如下图所示:
但是如果我们将代码第10行的width值改为1024,则数组越界。
最后发现在代码的39行
if (response == 1)
image.at<Vec3b>(j, i) = green;
else if (response == -1)
image.at<Vec3b>(j, i) = blue;
中,将i,j位置改变后,
if (response == 1)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
else if (response == -1)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
得到结果
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20131212212856531)
明显结果有问题,由于我们改了坐标35行的Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << i,j);
顺序也要调换一下,改为Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << j,i);结果图就很正常了,如下图
分析该问题的产生原因,主要是image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)这段代码是先行后列,顺序反了。归根到底opencv中的svm以空间为特征的话,一定记得顺序的对应关系,否则会出现很奇怪的结果。
最终修改后代码如下所示:
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml/ml.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
// Data for visual representation
int width = 1024, height = 512;
Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);
// Set up training data
float labels[4] = {1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
Mat labelsMat(4, 1, CV_32FC1, labels);
float trainingData[4][2] = { {501, 10}, {255, 10}, {501, 255}, {10, 501} };
Mat trainingDataMat(4, 2, CV_32FC1, trainingData);
// Set up SVM's parameters
CvSVMParams params;
params.svm_type = CvSVM::C_SVC;
params.kernel_type = CvSVM::LINEAR;
params.term_crit = cvTermCriteria(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 100, 1e-6);
// Train the SVM
CvSVM SVM;
SVM.train(trainingDataMat, labelsMat, Mat(), Mat(), params);
Vec3b green(0,255,0), blue (255,0,0);
// Show the decision regions given by the SVM
for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; ++j)
{
Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << j,i);
float response = SVM.predict(sampleMat);
if (response == 1)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = green;
else if (response == -1)
image.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = blue;
}
// Show the training data
int thickness = -1;
int lineType = 8;
circle( image, Point(501, 10), 5, Scalar( 0, 0, 0), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point(255, 10), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
circle( image, Point( 10, 501), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
// Show support vectors
thickness = 2;
lineType = 8;
int c = SVM.get_support_vector_count();
for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)
{
const float* v = SVM.get_support_vector(i);
circle( image, Point( (int) v[0], (int) v[1]), 6, Scalar(128, 128, 128), thickness, lineType);
}
imwrite("result.png", image); // save the image
imshow("SVM Simple Example", image); // show it to the user
waitKey(0);
}