opencv中svm支持向量机c++简单例子introduction_to_svm.cpp坐标次序问题

最近在做一些纹理分割方面的东西，需要提取图像特征后进行训练分类。在师兄的指点下了解SVM（支持向量机）可以达到很好的效果。

在opencv（版本）自带OpenCV\samples\cpp\tutorial_code\ml\introduction_to_svm  下找到了简单的introduction_to_svm.cpp

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    // Data for visual representation
    int width = 512, height = 512;
    Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);

    // Set up training data
    float labels[4] = {1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
    Mat labelsMat(4, 1, CV_32FC1, labels);

    float trainingData[4][2] = { {501, 10}, {255, 10}, {501, 255}, {10, 501} };
    Mat trainingDataMat(4, 2, CV_32FC1, trainingData);

    // Set up SVM's parameters
    CvSVMParams params;
    params.svm_type    = CvSVM::C_SVC;
    params.kernel_type = CvSVM::LINEAR;
    params.term_crit   = cvTermCriteria(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 100, 1e-6);

    // Train the SVM
    CvSVM SVM;
    SVM.train(trainingDataMat, labelsMat, Mat(), Mat(), params);

    Vec3b green(0,255,0), blue (255,0,0);
    // Show the decision regions given by the SVM
    for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; ++j)
        {
            Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << i,j);
            float response = SVM.predict(sampleMat);

            if (response == 1)
                image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)  = green;
            else if (response == -1)
                 image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)  = blue;
        }

    // Show the training data
    int thickness = -1;
    int lineType = 8;
    circle(	image, Point(501,  10), 5, Scalar(  0,   0,   0), thickness, lineType);
    circle(	image, Point(255,  10), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
    circle(	image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
    circle(	image, Point( 10, 501), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);

    // Show support vectors
    thickness = 2;
    lineType  = 8;
    int c     = SVM.get_support_vector_count();

    for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)
    {
        const float* v = SVM.get_support_vector(i);
        circle(	image,  Point( (int) v[0], (int) v[1]),   6,  Scalar(128, 128, 128), thickness, lineType);
    }

    imwrite("result.png", image);        // save the image

    imshow("SVM Simple Example", image); // show it to the user
    waitKey(0);

}

在该段程序中，我们运行后得到结果图如下图所示：

但是如果我们将代码第10行的width值改为1024，则数组越界。

最后发现在代码的39行

            if (response == 1)
                image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)  = green;
            else if (response == -1)
                 image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)  = blue;

中，将i，j位置改变后，

			if (response == 1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j)  = green;
			else if (response == -1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j)  = blue;

得到结果

明显结果有问题，由于我们改了坐标35行的Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << i,j);
顺序也要调换一下，改为Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << j,i);结果图就很正常了，如下图

分析该问题的产生原因，主要是image.at<Vec3b>(j, i)这段代码是先行后列，顺序反了。归根到底opencv中的svm以空间为特征的话，一定记得顺序的对应关系，否则会出现很奇怪的结果。

最终修改后代码如下所示：

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml/ml.hpp>

using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	// Data for visual representation
	int width = 1024, height = 512;
	Mat image = Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8UC3);

	// Set up training data
	float labels[4] = {1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
	Mat labelsMat(4, 1, CV_32FC1, labels);

	float trainingData[4][2] = { {501, 10}, {255, 10}, {501, 255}, {10, 501} };
	Mat trainingDataMat(4, 2, CV_32FC1, trainingData);

	// Set up SVM's parameters
	CvSVMParams params;
	params.svm_type    = CvSVM::C_SVC;
	params.kernel_type = CvSVM::LINEAR;
	params.term_crit   = cvTermCriteria(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 100, 1e-6);

	// Train the SVM
	CvSVM SVM;
	SVM.train(trainingDataMat, labelsMat, Mat(), Mat(), params);

	Vec3b green(0,255,0), blue (255,0,0);
	// Show the decision regions given by the SVM
	for (int i = 0; i < image.rows; ++i)
		for (int j = 0; j < image.cols; ++j)
		{
			Mat sampleMat = (Mat_<float>(1,2) << j,i);
			float response = SVM.predict(sampleMat);

			if (response == 1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j)  = green;
			else if (response == -1)
				image.at<Vec3b>(i, j)  = blue;
		}

		// Show the training data
		int thickness = -1;
		int lineType = 8;
		circle(	image, Point(501,  10), 5, Scalar(  0,   0,   0), thickness, lineType);
		circle(	image, Point(255,  10), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
		circle(	image, Point(501, 255), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);
		circle(	image, Point( 10, 501), 5, Scalar(255, 255, 255), thickness, lineType);

		// Show support vectors
		thickness = 2;
		lineType  = 8;
		int c     = SVM.get_support_vector_count();

		for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)
		{
			const float* v = SVM.get_support_vector(i);
			circle(	image,  Point( (int) v[0], (int) v[1]),   6,  Scalar(128, 128, 128), thickness, lineType);
		}

		imwrite("result.png", image);        // save the image

		imshow("SVM Simple Example", image); // show it to the user
		waitKey(0);

}