关于perf的记录（一）————內核鏈表

perf中有個重要的數據結構，就是紅黑樹，其在linux內核中的遍歷方式比較特殊，在此做部份記錄：

 

參考鏈接：

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/kernel/l-chain/

 http://blog.csdn.net/xubin341719/article/details/7098611

 

 

list_head 的定义(include/linux/types.h):

/****************************************
 * list_head结构包含两个指向list_head结构的指针prev和next，
 * 由此可见，内核的链表具备双链表功能，实际上，通常它都组织成双循环链表。
 * 这里的list_head没有数据域。在Linux内核链表中，不是在链表结构中包含数据，而是在数据结构中包含链表节点。
 * Robin
 * ***************************************/
struct list_head {
    struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

struct hlist_head {
    struct hlist_node *first;
};

struct hlist_node {
    struct hlist_node *next, **pprev;
};

列出list.h中關於list的定義(include/linux/list.h):

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }

#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
    struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
    list->next = list;
    list->prev = list;
}

 

/*
 * Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
 * 在兩個已知連續的節點插入一個新的節點
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 *這僅僅是list的內部操作，我們已經知道了entries的prev/next.
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                  struct list_head *prev,
                  struct list_head *next)
{
    next->prev = new;
    new->next = next;
    new->prev = prev;
    prev->next = new;
}
#else
extern void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                  struct list_head *prev,
                  struct list_head *next);
#endif

 

/**
 * list_add - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head:新節點(new)將被加入到head的后面，即鏈表的頭。list head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.把新節點插入到特殊head的後面
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head, head->next);
}

/**
 * list_add_tail - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head:新節點(new)將被加入到head的前面，即鏈表的尾。 list head to add it before
 *
 * Insert a new entry before the specified head.把新節點插入到特殊head的前面
 * This is useful for implementing queues.
 */
static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head->prev, head);
}

 

/*
 * Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries
 * point to each other.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_del(struct list_head * prev, struct list_head * next)
{
    next->prev = prev;
    prev->next = next;
}

 

/**
 * list_del - deletes entry from list.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 * Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
 * in an undefined state.
 */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
static inline void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
}

static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
    entry->next = LIST_POISON1;
    entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
}
#else
extern void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry);
extern void list_del(struct list_head *entry);
#endif

 

/**
 * list_del_init - deletes entry from list and reinitialize it.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 */
static inline void list_del_init(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del_entry(entry);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(entry);
}

 

/**
 * list_replace - replace old entry by new one
 * @old : the element to be replaced
 * @new : the new element to insert
 *
 * If @old was empty, it will be overwritten.
 *函數執行結束后，old的prev/next仍舊指向調用前的位置，但是，其old->prev->next指向new，old->next->prev指向new，這樣list就不知道old的存在。在list_replace_init收回了old的prev/next，指向了自己，避免出錯。同理，list_del()


 *
 */
static inline void list_replace(struct list_head *old,
                struct list_head *new)
{
    new->next = old->next;
    new->next->prev = new;
    new->prev = old->prev;
    new->prev->next = new;
}

static inline void list_replace_init(struct list_head *old,
                    struct list_head *new)
{
    list_replace(old, new);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(old);
}

 

/**
 * list_move - delete from one list and add as another's head
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will precede our entry
 */
static inline void list_move(struct list_head *list, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_del_entry(list);
    list_add(list, head);
}

/**
 * list_move_tail - delete from one list and add as another's tail
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will follow our entry
 */
static inline void list_move_tail(struct list_head *list,
                  struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_del_entry(list);
    list_add_tail(list, head);
}

 

/**
 * list_is_last - tests whether @list is the last entry in list @head
 * @list: the entry to test
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline int list_is_last(const struct list_head *list,
                const struct list_head *head)
{
    return list->next == head;
}

/**
 * list_empty - tests whether a list is empty
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_empty(const struct list_head *head)
{
    return head->next == head;//初始化list時，head->next指向了head，在此這樣判斷
}


/**
 * list_empty_careful - tests whether a list is empty and not being modified
 * @head: the list to test
 *
 * Description:
 * tests whether a list is empty _and_ checks that no other CPU might be
 * in the process of modifying either member (next or prev)
 *
 * NOTE: using list_empty_careful() without synchronization
 * can only be safe if the only activity that can happen
 * to the list entry is list_del_init(). Eg. it cannot be used
 * if another CPU could re-list_add() it.
 */
static inline int list_empty_careful(const struct list_head *head)
{
    struct list_head *next = head->next;
    return (next == head) && (next == head->prev);
}

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:    the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */

/*
 *我们知道，Linux內核链表中,結構體變量含有一個 list_head 類型的成员变量，那么我们如何通过这个 list_head 類型的成员變量访问到包含該成員變量的結構體
的节点数据呢？Linux为此提供了一个list_entry(ptr,type,member)宏，其中ptr是指向该結構體中 list_head 成員變量的指针，也就是存储在list_head链表中的地址值，
type是結構體的类型，member则是結構體定义中list_head成員變量的变量名
 * 
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    container_of(ptr, type, member)

 

/**
 * list_first_entry - get the first element from a list
 * @ptr:    the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Note, that list is expected to be not empty.
 */
#define list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    list_entry((ptr)->next, type, member)

/**
 * list_for_each    -   iterate over a list
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

/**
 * __list_for_each  -   iterate over a list
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 *
 * This variant doesn't differ from list_for_each() any more.
 * We don't do prefetching in either case.
 */
#define __list_for_each(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_prev   -   iterate over a list backwards
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_prev(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->prev; pos != (head); pos = pos->prev)

 

/**
 * list_for_each_entry  -   iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)              \
    for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member);  \
         &pos->member != (head);    \
         pos = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member))