Advantech PCI card 驱动注册 --W T

1.1 初始化驱动函数

在rtcan_adv_pci.c中
adv_pci驱动程序的初始化函数module_init(rtcan_adv_pci_init)：

static int __init rtcan_adv_pci_init(void)
{
	if (!realtime_core_enabled())
		return 0;

	return pci_register_driver(&rtcan_adv_pci_driver);
}

在这个函数中，调用了pci_register_driver()函数，对rtcan_adv_pci_driver这个驱动进行注册

1.2 PCI注册

在前面我们已经看到，PCI的注册就是将PCI驱动程序挂载到其所在的总线的drivers链，同时扫描PCI设备，将它能够进行驱动的设备挂载到driver上的devices链表上来，这里，我们将详细地查看这整个流程的函数调用关系。
    pci_register_driver()->__pci_register_driver()  //注意：这可是2个不同的函数

/*
 * pci_register_driver must be a macro so that KBUILD_MODNAME can be expanded
 */
#define pci_register_driver(driver)		\
	__pci_register_driver(driver, THIS_MODULE, KBUILD_MODNAME)

/**
 * __pci_register_driver - register a new pci driver
 * @drv: the driver structure to register
 * @owner: owner module of drv
 * @mod_name: module name string
 *
 * Adds the driver structure to the list of registered drivers.
 * Returns a negative value on error, otherwise 0.
 * If no error occurred, the driver remains registered even if
 * no device was claimed during registration.
 */
int __pci_register_driver(struct pci_driver *drv, struct module *owner,
			  const char *mod_name)
{
   
	/* initialize common driver fields */
	drv->driver.name = drv->name;
	drv->driver.bus = &pci_bus_type;
	drv->driver.owner = owner;
	drv->driver.mod_name = mod_name;

	spin_lock_init(&drv->dynids.lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&drv->dynids.list);

	/* register with core */
	return driver_register(&drv->driver);
}

即是将PCI设备中的driver变量的总线指向pci_bus_type这个总线描述符，同时设置驱动的名字等。

   struct bus_type pci_bus_type = {
   
	.name		= "pci",
	.match		= pci_bus_match,
	.uevent		= pci_uevent,
	.probe		= pci_device_probe,
	.remove		= pci_device_remove,
	.shutdown	= pci_device_shutdown,
	.dev_groups	= pci_dev_groups,
	.bus_groups	= pci_bus_groups,
	.drv_groups	= pci_drv_groups,
	.pm		= PCI_PM_OPS_PTR,
};

然后再调用函数driver_register(&drv->driver);通过这个函数将这个PCI驱动中的struct device_driver driver成员变量注册到系统中去。就是说将这个PCI设备驱动注册到PCI总线的描述符的driver链中。
pci_register_driver()->__pci_register_driver()->driver_register()
driver_register()代码如下：

/**
 * driver_register - register driver with bus
 * @drv: driver to register
 *
 * We pass off most of the work to the bus_add_driver() call,
 * since most of the things we have to do deal with the bus
 * structures.
 */
int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
{
   
	int ret;
	struct device_driver *other;

	BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);

	if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
	    (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
	    (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
			"bus_type methods\n", drv->name);

	other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
	if (other) {
   
		printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
			"aborting...\n", drv->name);
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
	if (ret) {
   
		bus_remove_driver(drv);
		return ret;
	}
	kobject_uevent(&drv->p->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);

	return ret;
}

最后就调用bus_add_driver()函数。这个函数的功能就是将这个驱动加到其所在的总线的驱动链上。
pci_register_driver()->__pci_register_driver()->driver_register()->bus_add_driver()->driver_attach()
在bus_add_driver()函数中，最重要的是调用driver_attach()函数，其定义如下：

```c
/**
 * bus_add_driver - Add a driver to the bus.
 * @drv: driver.
 */
int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
{
   
	struct bus_type *bus;
	struct driver_private *priv;
	int error = 0;

	bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
	if (!bus)
		return -EINVAL;

	pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);

	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (