什么是系统工程（字幕）29

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接下来呢，就是分析的

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和设计的工作流程

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我们要从

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系统的整体

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开始来思考系统的内部的

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部件

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由哪些结构组成

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怎么把系统分解成一块一块的

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各个块各自承担什么责任

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这样来思考

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那同样的

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首先

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我们先

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看这个水蒸馏器

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教材里面的

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做法

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那么下一个内容就是

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怎样来建模结构了，从需求

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跳到里面的分析了

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之前并没有提到内部的结构

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只是说

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分这么几个步骤

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加热水、蒸发水、冷凝水

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但没有说

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到底这个系统由几个零件组成的

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没有说

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那现在开始来建模它的结构

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那首先呢，就是这个图16.17

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它用一个块定义图

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定义了

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这个蒸馏器的结构

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那我们来看这个内容

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包名，这个包还是蒸馏器结构下面

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然后呢

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这个图是蒸馏器分解

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然后这个蒸馏器这个block之前已经有了

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对吧

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这个已经有了的

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然后呢

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它满足了，satisfies这个

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简单蒸馏器这个需求

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这个是MS 5.1

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就之前我们列出来一堆需求嘛

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这个是MS 5.1这个需求

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它认为这样是满足了简单的

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简单吗

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还比较简单

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你看它只有三个部件

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对不对

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三个部件

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一个热交换器

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一个煮沸器

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一个阀门

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那这三个目前我们是没有的

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我们要给它加上去

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这三个分别扮演

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你看，这是角色

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这是类

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这是block的名字

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这是这个block在这个蒸馏器里面扮演的角色

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你看，冷凝器，这个扮演冷凝器

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这个扮演蒸发器

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这个扮演排空

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那我们来画这个图

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怎么画

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你看，我们那个

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蒸馏器的

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结构在这里，对吧

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这里已经有了几个block了

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之前我们画图的时候用到的

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但是我们现在要画一张图

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这个图叫蒸馏器分解，是一个BDD，对吧

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所以我们建一个图

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右键点这个

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Add Diagram 

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块定义图，没错

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这个叫蒸馏器分解

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好

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有了，对吧

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你看，对照一下

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对吧，BDD，包，结构，分解

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BDD包，蒸馏器结构，分解，好

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那

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我们来看

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蒸馏器已经有了

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但是这个关系

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satisfies这个没有

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那同样跟前面一样的

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也是通过先建立好这个关系

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我们再把它拖上去

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那个需求在哪里

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简单蒸馏器在哪里

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在这里嘛

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对吧

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这个地方

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也就是说，我们要让蒸馏器这个block

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把它拖上来

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让它去满足这个简单蒸馏器这个需求

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拖过来

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然后satisfies

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这样就行了

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跟前面那个，我们前面也建立了

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蒸馏水这个活动怎么满足这个净化什么的

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也在这里，之前画的一样的

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对吧

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好

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这个有了

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对吧

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然后我们就把这个拖上来了

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回到这个BDD，拖上来

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link

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就是直接把这个

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这个block拖上来了

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这里面就选，不要了

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None

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None的话

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即使这样的话

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它那个端口还是露出来了

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但我们也不要这个端口

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这里一样的，之前已经操作过的

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部件的可见性

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分栏的可见性

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这里

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把这个端口去掉

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把这个

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约束这个也去掉

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satisfies这个露出来

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OK，你看

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这跟这个

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一样的，对吧

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就漏了这个出来

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这里，对吧

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好

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这个有了

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那我们来看

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下面有三个block，热交换器

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煮沸器、阀门，加上去

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热交换器

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煮沸器

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阀门

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这有了，对吧

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好

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这三个有了

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接下来呢，建立起这个和它们之间的

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组合关系

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实心菱形的组合关系

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那我们就来建立了

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画过来

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那一种是直接选这个

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composition to part这个

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但是呢，我们建议不要选这个，选关联

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在关联里面设

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因为这里面很多不受控制的

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它那个方向刚好反过来的

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我们选这个关联

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然后在这里设置

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在关联

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这里设置

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角色

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首先我们蒸馏器

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这个是一个

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composite，组合，对吧

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多重性，没有

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然后呢

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你看这个角色

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这个角色叫冷凝器

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对吧

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而且是有方向的

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是这边指向这边

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那这个怎么设

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你看

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这个角色叫冷凝器，角色在这里

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这里写冷凝器

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这个地方

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写冷凝器

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方向

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是由蒸馏器

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指向这个，说明蒸馏器是可以访问的

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这边是不能访问的

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单向的，那怎么设

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所以这个导航是

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可以导航的

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这边就要设成什么

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不能导航

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这样来

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然后呢

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这边并没有说是私有还是公开

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那我们

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统统设成私有

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因为它是它的部件嘛

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对不对

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所以呢，这里面这个

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public改成

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私有的

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这样来，好

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确定

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你看

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就得到了一个

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组合的关联，对吧

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这样来

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那下面这个一样的操作

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关联

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组合

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这叫蒸发器

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蒸发器

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好

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可以吗

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对

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这个叫排空

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组合

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好

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这样

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那我们把它对齐一下

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齐了没有

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我们看看

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好

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就这样

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对不对

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对吧

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这样来

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这是图

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16.17

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这样来画