回归定义
Regression 就是找到一个函数function,通过输入特征 xx,输出一个数值 Scalar。
模型步骤
- step1:模型假设,选择模型框架(线性模型)
- step2:模型评估,如何判断众多模型的好坏(损失函数)
- step3:模型优化,如何筛选最优的模型(梯度下降)
代码实现
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_data = [338., 333., 328., 207., 226., 25., 179., 60., 208., 606.]
y_data = [640., 633., 619., 393., 428., 27., 193., 66., 226., 1591.]
x_d = np.asarray(x_data)
y_d = np.asarray(y_data)
x = np.arange(-200, -100, 1)
y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.1)
Z = np.zeros((len(x), len(y)))
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
# loss
for i in range(len(x)):
for j in range(len(y)):
b = x[i]
w = y[j]
Z[j][i] = 0 # meshgrid吐出结果:y为行,x为列
for n in range(len(x_data)):
Z[j][i] += (y_data[n] - b - w * x_data[n]) ** 2
Z[j][i] /= len(x_data)
# linear regression
b = -120
w = -4
lr = 1
iteration = 100000
b_history = [b]
w_history = [w]
lr_b=0
lr_w=0
import time
start = time.time()
for i in range(iteration):
b_grad=0.0
w_grad=0.0
for n in range(len(x_data)):
b_grad=b_grad-2.0*(y_data[n]-n-w*x_data[n])*1.0
w_grad= w_grad-2.0*(y_data[n]-n-w*x_data[n])*x_data[n]
lr_b=lr_b+b_grad**2
lr_w=lr_w+w_grad**2
# update param
b -= lr/np.sqrt(lr_b) * b_grad
w -= lr /np.sqrt(lr_w) * w_grad
b_history.append(b)
w_history.append(w)
# plot the figure
plt.contourf(x, y, Z, 50, alpha=0.5, cmap=plt.get_cmap('jet')) # 填充等高线
plt.plot([-188.4], [2.67], 'x', ms=12, mew=3, color="orange")
plt.plot(b_history, w_history, 'o-', ms=3, lw=1.5, color='black')
plt.xlim(-200, -100)
plt.ylim(-5, 5)
plt.xlabel(r'$b$',fontsize=16)
plt.ylabel(r'$w$',fontsize=16)
plt.title("线性回归")
plt.show()