santongwater的专栏

7.1 Selecting a Sample1. Simple Random Sampling (Finite)A simple random sample of size n from a finite population of size N is a sample selected such that each possible sample of size n has the same pr

The sample space for an experiment is the set of all experimental outcomes.Combination: CNn = N!/ (n!(N-n)!)Permutation: PNn = N!/(N-n)!Event: An event is a collection of sample points.Pro

If the measures are computed for data from a sample, they are calledsample statistics. If the measures are computed for data from a population, they are calledpopulation parameters.Sample Me

Elements are the entities on which data are collected。A variable is a characteristic of interest for the elements.The set of measurements obtained for a particular element is called an observation

Curvilnear Relationship当我们用 scatter diagram 来看的时候，发现 x y 的关系不完全是一条直线 另外把 residual 和 y 做一个 plot，也看到，是一个弧形的： 所以，我们用二次模型， second order model. 结果就比较好，r square 也高。Interaction怎么发现 x1 和 x2 之间有 interaction？

怎么算两列数之间的 correlatoin coefficient?15.1 Multiple Regression Model15.3 Coefficient of DeterminationWhy Adjusted? Avoid overestimating the impact of adding an independent variable on the amount of variab

Uniform Probability DistributionE(x) = (a+b)/2Var(x) = (b-a)2 /12Normal Probability DistributionBell-Shaped Normal Curve1. Normal Distribution is symmetric: the shape of

14.1 Simple Linear Regression ModelSimple Linear Regression Model: y = β0 + β1 x + εβ0 β1 are referred to as parameters of the modelε is a random variable referred to as the error term, which is the

Summary Categorical Data Frequency Distribution： A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the number (frequency) of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes.Relativ

本章内容： 1. 介绍Experimental Design 和 ANOVA（Analysis of Variance）13.1 An Introduction of Experimental Design and Analysis of Varianceμ1=mean number of units produced per week using methodA μ2=mean number

Goodness of Fit Test: A Multinomial PopulationMultinomial population: each element of a population is assigned to one and only one of several classes or categories Binomial Distribution: to one and on

11.1 Inferences About a Population Variance对于 chi-square distribution, 百度百科是这样写的： Interval EstimationWe will use the notation X2α to denote the value for the chi-square distribution that provides an

Cha10 要学的是： 1. involving two populations when the difference between the two population means or the two population proportions is of prime importance. 2. 例如：我们会学建立 interval estimate来看男性平均薪水和女性平均薪水之间

9.1 Developing Null and Alternative HypothesesNull Hypothesis H0: a tentative assumption about a population parameter such as a population mean or a population proportion. Alternative Hypothesis Ha: t

这一章讲的是：怎么用 interval estimate 来找到整体平均值和整体比例的区间 The general form of interval estimate of a population mean is x̅ ± Margin of error The general form of interval estimate of a population proportion is p̄

A random variable is a numerical description of the outcome of an experiment.A random variable that may assume either a finite number of values or an infinite sequence of values such as 0, 1, 2,