文章目录
1. A − 1 A^{-1} A−1的行列式
对于一个2X2的行列式来说,其逆矩阵的行列式表示如下:
- C表示代数余子式
∣ a b c d ∣ − 1 = 1 a d − b c ∣ d − b − c a ∣ ; \begin{equation} \begin{vmatrix} a&b\\\\ c&d \end{vmatrix}^{-1}=\frac{1}{ad-bc}\begin{vmatrix} d&-b\\\\ -c&a \end{vmatrix}; \end{equation} acbd −1=ad−bc1 d−c−ba ;
2. A − 1 = 1 d e t ( A ) C T A^{-1}=\frac{1}{det(A)}C^T A−1=det(A)1CT
- 我们要证明上述公式,我们对A,C 进行展开可得如下:
A C T = d e t ( A ) \begin{equation} AC^T=det(A) \end{equation} ACT=det(A)
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\begin{equation} M=\begin{bmatrix} a_{11}&a_{12}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\\\a_{21}&a_{22}&\cdots&a_{2n}\\\\ \vdots&\vdots&\cdots&\vdots&\\\\a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\cdots&a_{nn} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} C_{11}&C_{21}&\cdots&C_{n1}\\\\C_{12}&C_{22}&\cdots&C_{n2}\\\\ \vdots&\vdots&\cdots&\vdots&\\\\C_{1n}&C_{2n}&\cdots&C_{nn} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation}
M=
a11a21⋮an1a12a22⋮an2⋯⋯⋯⋯a1na2n⋮ann
C11C12⋮C1nC21C22⋮C2n⋯⋯⋯⋯Cn1Cn2⋮Cnn
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\begin{equation} M_{11}=a_{11}C_{11}+a_{12}C_{12}+\dots+a_{nn}C_{1n}=det(A) \end{equation}
M11=a11C11+a12C12+⋯+annC1n=det(A)
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\begin{equation} M_{12}=a_{11}C_{21}+a_{12}C_{22}+\dots+a_{nn}C_{2n}=0 \end{equation}
M12=a11C21+a12C22+⋯+annC2n=0
- 所以可得矩阵M就是每个斜对角上都是det(A)的矩阵,当前行乘以其他行的代数余子式的和为;只需要将制定的行换成a所在的行,那么就得出结果为0;
M = A C T = d e t ( A ) ⇒ A − 1 = 1 d e t ( A ) C T \begin{equation} M=AC^T=det(A) \Rightarrow A^{-1}=\frac{1}{det(A)}C^T \end{equation} M=ACT=det(A)⇒A−1=det(A)1CT
3.克莱姆法则 - 当A可逆的情况下
A X = b ⇒ X = A − 1 b ⇒ X = 1 d e t ( A ) C T b \begin{equation} AX=b \Rightarrow X=A^{-1}b\Rightarrow X=\frac{1}{det(A)}C^Tb \end{equation} AX=b⇒X=A−1b⇒X=det(A)1CTb - 整理可得
X = 1 d e t ( A ) C T b \begin{equation} X=\frac{1}{det(A)}C^Tb \end{equation} X=det(A)1CTb
3. 求体积
我们用3X3矩阵A表示坐标上的边上的点,每一行表示一个边上的点坐标
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\begin{equation} A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\\\\a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation}
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a11a21a31a12a22a32a13a23a33
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\begin{equation} A_1=\begin{bmatrix} a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13} \end{bmatrix};A_2=\begin{bmatrix} a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\end{bmatrix};A_3=\begin{bmatrix} a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation}
A1=[a11a12a13];A2=[a21a22a23];A3=[a31a32a33]
- 如图所示,长方体的体积 V = ∣ d e t ( A ) ∣ V=|det(A)| V=∣det(A)∣;