java nio 传统标准io socket 和nio socket比较与学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 07:06:04 发布

sean417

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 07:06:04 发布

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在计算机系统中，最不可靠的就是网络请求，我们通过服务器端给客户端echo信息（客户端请求什么信息服务端就返回给客户端什么信息）。比较两种socket io的优劣。

标准io socket:

服务端使用多线程处理的结构示意图：

服务器端代码：

主线程负责不断地请求echoServer.accept()，如果没有客户端请求主线程会阻塞，当有客户端请求服务器端时，主线程会用线程池新创建一个线程执行。也就是说一个线程负责一个客户端socket，当一个客户端socket因为网络延迟时，服务器端负责这个客户端的线程就会等待，浪费资源。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * 常规的socket服务端，服务器端采用一个线程接受一个客户端来处理。
 * Created by chenyang on 2017/3/26.
 */
public class MultiThreadEchoServer {
    private static ExecutorService tp= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    static class HandleMsg implements Runnable{
        Socket clientSocket;

        public HandleMsg(Socket clientSocket) {
            this.clientSocket = clientSocket;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            BufferedReader is=null;
            PrintWriter os=null;
            try {
                is=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
                os=new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(),true);
                //从InputStream当中读取客户端所发送的数据
                String inputLine=null;
                long b=System.currentTimeMillis();
                while ((inputLine=is.readLine())!=null){
                    os.println(inputLine);
                }
                long e=System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("spend:"+(e-b)+"ms");
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                try {
                    if(is!=null) is.close();
                    if(os!=null) os.close();
                    clientSocket.close();
                }catch (IOException ex){
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket echoServer=null;
        Socket clientSocket=null;
        try {
            echoServer=new ServerSocket(8000);
        }catch (IOException e){
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        while (true){
            try {
                clientSocket =echoServer.accept();//阻塞
                System.out.println(clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+" connect!"+System.currentTimeMillis());

		//子线程负责执行与client socket 交互的操作。
                tp.execute(new HandleMsg(clientSocket));
            }catch (IOException e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端代码：

主线程创建10个子线程去请求server:这是个模拟网络拥堵时的客户端socket，每打一个字符就会停1秒。这样服务端的线程也要等待，这样服务器端的资源浪费的就很多。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

/**
 * 传统IO下，模拟10个网络不好的客户端同时访问server.
 * Created by chenyang on 2017/4/8.
 */
public class HeavyThreadEchoClient {
    static ExecutorService es= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    static Long sleep_time=1000*1000*1000L;
    public static class EchoClient implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run() {

            Socket client=null;
            PrintWriter writer=null;
            BufferedReader reader=null;
            try {
                client=new Socket();
                client.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8000));
                writer=new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream(),true);
                writer.print("h");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);
                writer.print("e");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);

                writer.print("l");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);

                writer.print("l");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);

                writer.print("o");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);

                writer.print("!");
                LockSupport.parkNanos(sleep_time);

                writer.println();
                writer.flush();
                reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
                System.out.println("from server:"+reader.readLine());
            }catch (UnknownHostException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(writer!=null){
                    writer.close();
                }
                if(reader!=null){
                    try {
                        reader.close();
                    }catch (IOException ex){
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }
                if(client!=null){
                    try {
                        client.close();
                    }catch (IOException ex){
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EchoClient ec=new EchoClient();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            es.execute(ec);
        }
    }
}

当服务器端和客户端代码执行后的结果：

spend:6023ms
spend:6023ms
spend:6024ms
spend:6024ms
spend:6025ms
spend:6025ms
spend:6026ms
spend:6027ms

spend:6027ms
spend:6028ms

都有6秒的延迟，这都是网络io等待时间造成的。

nio socket:

通过事件通知的机制，当数据准备好了才会通知服务器端线程进行读写，避免了网络io等待。

服务端多线程的结构示意图：

一个线程控制一个selector,一个selector可以轮询多个客户端的channel,这样服务器端线程不用等待网络io,只会处理准备好的数据。

服务器端代码：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * Created by chenyang on 2017/4/8.
 */
public class MultiThreadNIOEchoServer {


    public static Map<Socket,Long> geym_time_stat=new HashMap<Socket,Long>(10240);
    class EchoClient{
        private LinkedList<ByteBuffer> outq;
        EchoClient(){
            outq=new LinkedList<ByteBuffer>();
        }
        //return the output queue
        public LinkedList<ByteBuffer> getOutputQueue(){
            return outq;
        }
        //enqueue a ByteBuffer on the output queue.
        public void enqueue(ByteBuffer bb){
            outq.addFirst(bb);
        }
    }



    class HandleMsg implements Runnable{
        SelectionKey sk;
        ByteBuffer bb;

        public HandleMsg(SelectionKey sk, ByteBuffer bb) {
            this.sk = sk;
            this.bb = bb;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            EchoClient echoClient=(EchoClient)sk.attachment();
            echoClient.enqueue(bb);

            //we've enqueued data to be written to the client,we must
            //not set interest in OP_WRITE
            sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ|SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
            selector.wakeup();
        }
    }

    private Selector selector;
    private ExecutorService tp= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    /*
      accept a new client and set it up for reading
     */
    private void doAccept(SelectionKey sk){
        ServerSocketChannel server=(ServerSocketChannel)sk.channel();
        SocketChannel clientChannel;
        try {
            //获取客户端的channel
            clientChannel = server.accept();
            clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);

            //register the channel for reading
            SelectionKey clientKey=clientChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            //Allocate an EchoClient instance and attach it to this selection key.
            EchoClient echoClient=new EchoClient();
            clientKey.attach(echoClient);

            InetAddress clientAddress=clientChannel.socket().getInetAddress();
            System.out.println("Accepted connetion from "+clientAddress.getHostAddress()+".");
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("Failed to accept new client");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void doRead(SelectionKey sk){
        SocketChannel channel=(SocketChannel)sk.channel();
        ByteBuffer bb=ByteBuffer.allocate(8192);
        int len;

        try {
            len=channel.read(bb);
            if(len<0){
                disconnect(sk);
                return;
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("Fail to read from client");
            e.printStackTrace();
            disconnect(sk);
            return;
        }
        bb.flip();
        tp.execute(new HandleMsg(sk,bb));
    }

    private void doWrite(SelectionKey sk){
        SocketChannel channel=(SocketChannel)sk.channel();
        EchoClient echoClient=(EchoClient)sk.attachment();
        LinkedList<ByteBuffer> outq=echoClient.getOutputQueue();

        ByteBuffer bb=outq.getLast();
        try {
            int len=channel.write(bb);
            if(len==-1){
                disconnect(sk);
                return;
            }
            if(bb.remaining()==0){
                outq.removeLast();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("fail to write to client");
            disconnect(sk);
        }

        if(outq.size()==0){
            sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        }

    }
    private void disconnect(SelectionKey sk){
        SocketChannel sc=(SocketChannel)sk.channel();
        try {
            sc.finishConnect();
        }catch (IOException e){

        }
    }



    private void startServer() throws Exception{
        //声明一个selector
        selector= SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();

        //声明一个server socket channel,而且是非阻塞的。
        ServerSocketChannel ssc=ServerSocketChannel.open();
        ssc.configureBlocking(false);

//        InetSocketAddress isa=new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),8000);
        //声明服务器端的端口
        InetSocketAddress isa=new InetSocketAddress(8000);
        //服务器端的socket channel绑定在这个端口。
        ssc.socket().bind(isa);
        //把一个socketchannel注册到一个selector上，同时选择监听的事件，SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT表示对selector如果
        //监听到注册在它上面的server socket channel准备去接受一个连接，或 有个错误挂起，selector将把OP_ACCEPT加到
        //key ready set 并把key加到selected-key set.
        SelectionKey acceptKey=ssc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        for(;;){
            selector.select();
            Set readyKeys=selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator i=readyKeys.iterator();
            long e=0;
            while (i.hasNext()){
                SelectionKey sk=(SelectionKey)i.next();
                i.remove();

                if(sk.isAcceptable()){
                    doAccept(sk);
                }else if(sk.isValid()&&sk.isReadable()){
                    if(!geym_time_stat.containsKey(((SocketChannel)sk.channel()).socket())){
                        geym_time_stat.put(((SocketChannel)sk.channel()).socket(),System.currentTimeMillis());
                        doRead(sk);
                    }
                }else if(sk.isValid()&&sk.isWritable()){
                    doWrite(sk);
                    e=System.currentTimeMillis();
                    long b=geym_time_stat.remove(((SocketChannel)sk.channel()).socket());
                    System.out.println("spend"+(e-b)+"ms");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MultiThreadNIOEchoServer echoServer=new MultiThreadNIOEchoServer();
        try {
            echoServer.startServer();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

同样的客户端代码测试nio的服务器端结果：

spend8ms
spend10ms
spend11ms
spend15ms
spend7ms
spend7ms
spend6ms
spend6ms
spend6ms
spend8ms

几乎没有多少延迟。

总结：

nio在数据准备好后，再交由应用进行处理，数据的读写过程仍在应用线程中。也就是说应用线程不用再等待网络io了，准备好了读写还是要处理的。

节省的数据准备时间（因为selector可以多个channel复用）