《Windows程序设计》读书笔十 菜单和其他资源

第十章  菜单和资源

windows通过LoadIcon LoadCursor等函数来加载资源

图标

鼠标指针

字符串

自定义资源

菜单

键盘加速键

对话框

位图

10.1  图标，鼠标指针，字符串和自定义资源

10.1.1 向程序添加图标

Tools->Options->Build->Export makefile when saving project file.

导出mak文件

注：该方法在VS2015中已经不可用。VS2015需要自己写makefile或者使用makefile project来生成mak文件，然后使用nmake编译文件。

nmake的配置方法参考

http://www.cnblogs.com/cvbnm/articles/1954872.html

源代码

#include <windows.h>   
#include "resource.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //window procedure.    

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	static      TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("IconDemo");
	HWND        hwnd;
	MSG         msg;
	WNDCLASS    wndClass;       //The window Class      

	wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;// assign the window procedure to windows class.      
	wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON));//LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);  
	wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndClass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

	//Register the Window Class to the Windows System.       
	if (!RegisterClass(&wndClass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program require Windows NT!"),
			szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}

	//This function will generate an WM_CREATE message.      
	hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,      //Window class name      
		TEXT("Icon Demo"),      //Window caption      
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,            //Window Style      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial x position      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial y position      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial x size      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial y size      
		NULL,                           //parent window handle      
		NULL,                           //window menu handle      
		hInstance,                      //program instance handle      
		NULL);                          //creation parameters      

	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd); //This function will generate a WM_PAINT message.      

						/* The message loop for this program.
						if received the WM_QUIT message, the function will return 0.*/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;

}

//define the Window Procedure WndProc      
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	static HICON	hIcon;
	static int		cxIcon, cyIcon, cxClient, cyClient;
	HDC				hdc;
	HINSTANCE		hInstance;
	PAINTSTRUCT		ps;
	int				x, y;

	switch (message) //get the message      
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance;
		hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON));
		cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
		cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
		return 0;

	case WM_SIZE:
		cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
		cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
		return 0;

	case WM_PAINT:
		hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

		for (y = 0; y < cyClient; y += cyIcon)
			for (x = 0; x < cxClient; x += cxIcon)
				DrawIcon(hdc, x, y, hIcon);

		EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
		return 0;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}
	return  DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

这段代码不能够直接编译

还需要创建资源文件，使用AddItem来增加icondemo.rc文件，VS会自动创建Resource.h头文件。

使用Resource Editor中的Add Resource 添加图标资源

原书中的图标是32x32的，在VS2015和Win7时代已经支持256x256的超大图标了

同时将ICON的ID改为IDI_ICON

然后可以编译程序了

运行结果

SM_CXICON  和SM_CYICON 为32x32

更小的图标是  SM_CXSMSIZE   和  SM_CYSMSIZE

10.1.2 获得图标的句柄

hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ICON));

#define MAKEINTRESOURCE (i) (LPTSTR) ((DWORD)((WORD)(i)))

资源ID也可以直接使用字符串

10.3.3  在应用程序中使用图标

RegisterClassEx   使用  WNDCLASSEX结构

有额外字段

ebSize   表示WNDCLASSEX结构大小

hIconSm  应该设定为小图标的句柄。

因此你需要设定两个图标句柄， 一个标准一个是小

在程序运行时改变图标，使用  SetClassLong函数实现。

SetClassLong(hwnd, GCL_HICON, LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_ALTICON));

不想保存图标句柄可以使用一下函数

DrawIcon(hdc, x, y, GetClassLong(hwnd, GCL_HICON));

hIcon 是特例 生成的句柄不需要手动销毁，

10.1.4   使用自定义鼠标指针

和图标类似，在资源编辑器中添加指针

然后

wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR));

或者用文本名字来定义鼠标指针

当鼠标在基于此类创建的窗口上，自定义的鼠标指针就会显示出来。

更改子窗口的hCursor字段

SetClassLong(hwndChild, GCL_HCURSOR, LoadCursor(hInstance, TEXT("childcursor"));

也可以使用SetCursor(hCursor);  来设定鼠标指针

应该在WM_MOUSEMOVE时调用SetCursor 否则一旦移动鼠标指针windows会重绘鼠标指针

10.1.5 字符串资源

使用资源管理器新建String Table

使用LoadString 来加载字符串

LoadString(hInstance, id, szBuffer, iMaxLength);  支持c语言的格式设置符号

所有字符串表都是以Unicode格式保持，LoadStringW直接加载Unicode文本，  LoadStringA则会进行代码页转换

10.1.6 自定义资源

hResource = LoadResource(hInstance, FindResource(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_BINTYPE), TEXT("BINTYPE")));

需要访问文本时

pData = LockResource(hResource);

使用完以后释放

FreeResource(hResource);

一个使用图标，字符串和自定义资源的例子

poepoem.cpp

#include <windows.h>   
#include "resource.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //window procedure.    

HINSTANCE hInst;

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	static      TCHAR szAppName[16], szCaption[64], szErrMsg[64];
	HWND        hwnd;
	MSG         msg;
	WNDCLASS    wndClass;       //The window Class   
	hInst = hInstance;

	LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APPNAME, szAppName, sizeof(szAppName) / sizeof(TCHAR));

	LoadString(hInstance, IDS_CAPTION, szCaption, sizeof(szCaption) / sizeof(TCHAR));

	wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;// assign the window procedure to windows class.      
	wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, szAppName);//LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndClass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

	//Register the Window Class to the Windows System.       
	if (!RegisterClass(&wndClass))
	{
		//Support the ANSI encode.
		LoadStringA(hInstance, IDS_APPNAME, (char*)szAppName, sizeof(szAppName));
		LoadStringA(hInstance, IDS_ERRMSG, (char*)szErrMsg, sizeof(szErrMsg));

		MessageBoxA(NULL, (char *)szErrMsg,
			(char *)szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}

	//This function will generate an WM_CREATE message.      
	hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,      //Window class name      
		szCaption,      //Window caption      
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN,            //Window Style      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial x position      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial y position      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial x size      
		CW_USEDEFAULT,                  //initial y size      
		NULL,                           //parent window handle      
		NULL,                           //window menu handle      
		hInstance,                      //program instance handle      
		NULL);                          //creation parameters      

	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd); //This function will generate a WM_PAINT message.      

						/* The message loop for this program.
						if received the WM_QUIT message, the function will return 0.*/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;

}

//define the Window Procedure WndProc      
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	static char*		pText;
	static HGLOBAL		hResource;
	static HWND			hScroll;
	static int			iPosition, cxChar, cyChar, cyClient, iNumLines, xScroll;
	HDC					hdc;
	PAINTSTRUCT			ps;
	RECT				rect;
	TEXTMETRIC			tm;
	int ilength;

	switch (message) //get the message      
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
		GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);
		cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;
		cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;
		ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);

		xScroll = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVSCROLL);
		hScroll = CreateWindow(TEXT("scrollbar"), NULL,
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SBS_VERT,
			0, 0, 0, 0,
			hwnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL);

		hResource = LoadResource(hInst, FindResource(hInst, TEXT("AnnabelLee"),
			TEXT("TEXT")));

		pText = (char *)LockResource(hResource);
		iNumLines = 0;

		while (*pText != TEXT('\\') && *pText != TEXT('\0'))
		{
			if (*pText == TEXT('\n'))
				iNumLines++;
			pText = AnsiNext(pText);
		}
		//*pText = TEXT('\0');

		SetScrollRange(hScroll, SB_CTL, 0, iNumLines, FALSE);
		SetScrollPos(hScroll, SB_CTL, 0, FALSE);
		return 0;

	case WM_SIZE:
		MoveWindow(hScroll, LOWORD(lParam) - xScroll, 0,
			xScroll, cyClient = HIWORD(lParam), TRUE);
		SetFocus(hwnd);
		return 0;

	case WM_SETFOCUS:
		SetFocus(hScroll);
		return 0;

	case WM_VSCROLL:
		switch (wParam)
		{
		case SB_TOP:
			iPosition = 0;
			break;
		case SB_BOTTOM:
			iPosition = iNumLines;
			break;
		case SB_LINEUP:
			iPosition -= 1;
			break;
		case SB_LINEDOWN:
			iPosition += 1;
			break;
		case SB_PAGEUP:
			iPosition -= cyClient / cyChar;
			break;
		case SB_PAGEDOWN:
			iPosition += cyClient / cyChar;
			break;
		case SB_THUMBPOSITION:
		case SB_THUMBTRACK:
			iPosition = LOWORD(lParam);
			break;
		}
		iPosition = max(0, min(iPosition, iNumLines));

		if (iPosition != GetScrollPos(hScroll, SB_CTL))
		{
			SetScrollPos(hScroll, SB_CTL, iPosition, TRUE);
			InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
		}
		return 0;
	case WM_PAINT:
		hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

		pText = (char*)LockResource(hResource);

		GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
		rect.left += cxChar;
		rect.top += cyChar * (1 - iPosition);
		DrawTextA(hdc, pText, -1, &rect, DT_EXTERNALLEADING);
		EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
		return 0;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		FreeResource(hResource);
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}
	return  DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

poepoem.rc

// Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script.
//
#include "resource.h"

#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
/
//
// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 2 resource.
//
#include "winres.h"

/
#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS

/
// Chinese (Simplified, PRC) resources

#if !defined(AFX_RESOURCE_DLL) || defined(AFX_TARG_CHS)
LANGUAGE LANG_CHINESE, SUBLANG_CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED

#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
/
//
// TEXTINCLUDE
//

1 TEXTINCLUDE 
BEGIN
    "resource.h\0"
END

2 TEXTINCLUDE 
BEGIN
    "#include ""winres.h""\r\n"
    "\0"
END

3