windows线程间通信之：信号量

可以描述一个资源有多少。  

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <process.h>

using namespace std;
CRITICAL_SECTION cs;

typedef struct{
    HANDLE h1;
    HANDLE h2;
    HANDLE h3;
    HANDLE h4;
    int a;
}PARAMS, *PPARAMS;

void read1(PVOID pvoid){
    while(TRUE)
    {
        volatile PPARAMS pparams = (PPARAMS)pvoid;
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h2, INFINITE);
        EnterCriticalSection(&cs); // 临界区(代码块锁，只能有一个线程访问)
        cout<<"读线程1开始读取...\n";
        cout<<(pparams->a)<<endl;
        LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
        Sleep(1000);
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h1, 1, NULL); // 写信号量++
    }
}
void read2(PVOID pvoid){
    while(TRUE)
    {
        volatile PPARAMS pparams = (PPARAMS)pvoid;
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h3, INFINITE);
        EnterCriticalSection(&cs); // 临界区(代码块锁，只能有一个线程访问)
        cout<<"读线程2开始读取...\n";
        cout<<(pparams->a)<<endl;
        LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
        Sleep(1000);
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h1, 1, NULL); // 写信号量++
    }
}
void read3(PVOID pvoid){
    while(TRUE)
    {
        volatile PPARAMS pparams = (PPARAMS)pvoid;
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h4, INFINITE);
        EnterCriticalSection(&cs); // 临界区(代码块锁，只能有一个线程访问)
        cout<<"读线程3开始读取...\n";
        cout<<(pparams->a)<<endl;
        LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
        Sleep(1000);
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h1, 1, NULL); // 写信号量++
    }
}

void write(PVOID pvoid){
    while(TRUE)
    {
        volatile PPARAMS pparams = (PPARAMS)pvoid;
        // 只有写信号量有3个的时候才能走完这3个wait函数
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h1, INFINITE);
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h1, INFINITE);
        WaitForSingleObject(pparams->h1, INFINITE);
        cout << "=================\n";
        cout << "写线程开始写入...\n";
        pparams->a = rand() % 256;
        cout << "写入"<< (pparams->a) <<endl;
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h2, 1, NULL); // 读信号量++
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h3, 1, NULL); // 读信号量++
        ReleaseSemaphore(pparams->h4, 1, NULL); // 读信号量++
    }
}
int main()
{
    PARAMS params;
    params.h1 = CreateSemaphore(NULL,
                                3,  // 刚开始有多少信号量
                                3,  // 最多可以有多少信号量
                                NULL); // 信号量名称

    params.h2 = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 1, NULL);
    params.h3 = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 1, NULL);
    params.h4 = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 1, NULL);

    InitializeCriticalSection(&cs); // 初始化临界区
    _beginthread(read1, 0, &params);
    _beginthread(read2, 0, &params);
    _beginthread(read3, 0, &params);
    _beginthread(write, 0, &params);

    int a;
    cin >> a; // 主线程阻塞用
    DeleteCriticalSection(&cs); // 释放临界区
    return 0;
}