第二天：py进阶实践

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py进阶实践

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在机器学习或者深度学习中py已经是主导性的编程语言，较常见于数据预处理，定义网络模型，执行训练过程，掌握Numpy，pandas很重要，
py的进阶语法：
数字模块基础：

字符串的拼接，列表切片，增删改查较为常用
py面向对象：

class animaml:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        print("动物名称实例化")
    def eat(self):
        print(self.name+'要吃东西')
    def drink(self):
        print(self.name+'yaooheshui ')
cat = animaml('miaomiao')
print(cat.name)
cat.eat()
cat.drink()

作业：py爬虫：

import json
import re
import requests
import datetime
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os

# 获取当天的日期,并进行格式化,用于后面文件命名，格式:20200420
today = datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
def crawl_wiki_data():
    """
    爬取百度百科中《青春有你2》中参赛选手信息，返回html
    """
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
    }
    url = 'https://baike.baidu.com/item/青春有你第二季'

    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

        # 将一段文档传入BeautifulSoup的构造方法,就能得到一个文档的对象, 可以传入一段字符串
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')

        # 返回的是class为table-view log-set-param的<table>所有标签
        tables = soup.find_all('table', {'class': 'table-view log-set-param'})

        crawl_table_title = "参赛学员"

        for table in tables:
            # 对当前节点前面的标签和字符串进行查找
            table_titles = table.find_previous('div').find_all('h3')
            for title in table_titles:
                if (crawl_table_title in title):
                    return table
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
## 二、对爬取的页面数据进行解析，并保存为JSON文件
def parse_wiki_data(table_html):
    '''
    从百度百科返回的html中解析得到选手信息，以当前日期作为文件名，存JSON文件,保存到work目录下
    '''
    bs = BeautifulSoup(str(table_html), 'lxml')
    all_trs = bs.find_all('tr')

    error_list = ['\'', '\"']

    stars = []

    for tr in all_trs[1:]:
        all_tds = tr.find_all('td')

        star = {}

        # 姓名
        star["name"] = all_tds[0].text
        # 个人百度百科链接
        star["link"] = 'https://baike.baidu.com' + all_tds[0].find('a').get('href')
        # 籍贯
        star["zone"] = all_tds[1].text
        # 星座
        star["constellation"] = all_tds[2].text
        # 身高
        star["height"] = all_tds[3].text
        # 体重
        star["weight"] = all_tds[4].text

        # 花语,去除掉花语中的单引号或双引号
        flower_word = all_tds[5].text
        for c in flower_word:
            if c in error_list:
                flower_word = flower_word.replace(c, '')
        star["flower_word"] = flower_word

        # 公司
        if not all_tds[6].find('a') is None:
            star["company"] = all_tds[6].find('a').text
        else:
            star["company"] = all_tds[6].text

        stars.append(star)

    json_data = json.loads(str(stars).replace("\'", "\""))
    with open('work/' + today + '.json', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
        json.dump(json_data, f, ensure_ascii=False)

def crawl_pic_urls():
    '''
    爬取每个选手的百度百科图片，并保存
    '''
    with open('work/' + today + '.json', 'r', encoding='UTF-8') as file:
        json_array = json.loads(file.read())

    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
    }

    for star in json_array:

        name = star['name']
        link = star['link']

        # ！！！请在以下完成对每个选手图片的爬取，将所有图片url存储在一个列表pic_urls中！！！
        pic_urls = []

        try:
            # 【1】读取选手百科页面
            response_baike = requests.get(link, headers=headers)
            soup_baike = BeautifulSoup(response_baike.text, 'lxml')
            # 【2】定位选手相册标签内容，并找到相册地址
            summary_div = soup_baike.find_all('div', {'class': 'summary-pic'})
            a_label = summary_div[0].a
            album_url = 'https://baike.baidu.com' + a_label['href']
            # 【3】遍历相册
            response_album = requests.get(album_url, headers=headers)
            soup_album = BeautifulSoup(response_album.text, 'lxml')
            pir_list_label = soup_album.find('div', {'class': 'pic-list'})

            # 【4.1】如不需要高清图可执行下了注释代码
            # for imgz in pir_list_label.find_all('img'):
            #   pic_urls.append(imgz['src'])

            # 【4.2】获取高清图
            for a in pir_list_label.find_all('a'):
                big_pic_url = 'https://baike.baidu.com' + a['href'];
                response_big_album = requests.get(big_pic_url, headers=headers)
                soup_big_album = BeautifulSoup(response_big_album.text, 'lxml')
                big_img = soup_big_album.find('img', {'id': 'imgPicture'})
                pic_urls.append(big_img['src'])

        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

        # ！！！根据图片链接列表pic_urls, 下载所有图片，保存在以name命名的文件夹中！！！
        down_pic(name, pic_urls)


def down_pic(name, pic_urls):
    '''
    根据图片链接列表pic_urls, 下载所有图片，保存在以name命名的文件夹中,
    '''
    path = 'work/' + 'pics/' + name + '/'

    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)

    for i, pic_url in enumerate(pic_urls):
        try:
            pic = requests.get(pic_url, timeout=15)
            string = str(i + 1) + '.jpg'
            with open(path + string, 'wb') as f:
                f.write(pic.content)
                print('成功下载第%s张图片: %s' % (str(i + 1), str(pic_url)))
        except Exception as e:
            print('下载第%s张图片时失败: %s' % (str(i + 1), str(pic_url)))
            print(e)
            continue
def show_pic_path(path):
    '''
    遍历所爬取的每张图片，并打印所有图片的绝对路径
    '''
    pic_num = 0
    for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(path):
        for filename in filenames:
            pic_num += 1
            print("第%d张照片：%s" % (pic_num, os.path.join(dirpath, filename)))
    print("共爬取《青春有你2》选手的%d照片" % pic_num)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 爬取百度百科中《青春有你2》中参赛选手信息，返回html
    html = crawl_wiki_data()

    # 解析html,得到选手信息，保存为json文件
    parse_wiki_data(html)

    # 从每个选手的百度百科页面上爬取图片,并保存
    crawl_pic_urls()

    # 打印所爬取的选手图片路径
    show_pic_path('/home/aistudio/work/pics/')

    print("所有信息爬取完成！")