vector的capacity增长方式
vector的capacity()调用返回vector中最大能够存储的元素个数,也即在下一次需要扩充容量之前能容纳的元素个数。reserve会使容器在必要的时候增长,以便容纳制指定数目的元素。
例程:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
vector<int> v, u;
v.reserve(5);
cout << v.capacity() << "/n"; //5
v.resize(10);
cout << v.capacity() << "/n"; //10
cout << "Initial capaciry of u: " << u.capacity() << "/n";
for(int i = 0; i < 40; ++i) {
u.push_back(i);
cout << "Now capacity is :" << u.capacity() << "/n";
}
return 0;
}
上面的代码在
Dev-C++和
VS2005中分别打印如下的结果:
Dev-C++
5
10
Initial capaciry of u: 0
Now capacity is :1
Now capacity is :2
Now capacity is :4
Now capacity is :4
Now capacity is :8
Now capacity is :8
Now capacity is :8
Now capacity is :8
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :16
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :32
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
Now capacity is :64
VS2005
5
10
Initial capaciry of u: 0
Now capacity is :1
Now capacity is :2
Now capacity is :3
Now capacity is :4
Now capacity is :6
Now capacity is :6
Now capacity is :9
Now capacity is :9
Now capacity is :9
Now capacity is :13
Now capacity is :13
Now capacity is :13
Now capacity is :13
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :19
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :28
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
Now capacity is :42
从执行结果看到,对于reserve调用(包括resize),两个编译器都是将capacity扩大到恰好容纳指定的元素。Exceptional C++ Style第一条中说对reserve的调用产生的容量可能大于指定的值,这应该是因为标准只规定了至少要满足指定的值,至于具体的值则由实现自己决定。
但对于普通的添加元素而导致的增长,两者的方式就不一样了。
Dev-C++(
GCC)采用的是
2^n这么个公式,即按
1,2,4,8,16,32,64这样的规律增长;而
VS2005应该也是按某种规律增长,具体公式没看出来!
VS2005的方式在某些情况下可能稍微节省一点内存,但相应的可能会需要更多次地扩充内存,也许效率稍差一点。